scholarly journals In vitro Efficacy of Albendazole against Strongyle eggs recovered from Trade Goats slaughtered at the Nsukka Abattoir: A Preliminary Survey of Resistance to Albendazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
I.K. Idika ◽  
V.J. Ebuk ◽  
E.I. Okoro ◽  
T.A. Nzeakor ◽  
N.M. Uzonnah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Faecal Culture ◽  
World Association ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay ◽  
Set Up

The efficacy of Albendazole against trichostrongyle nematode parasites in goats presented for slaughter at the Nsukka municipal  abattoir was evaluated using the In vitro Egg hatch assay (EHA) model. The abattoir was visited once every week for 4 consecutive months during which a total of 240 goats were sampled. Fecal samples were collected per rectum from a minimum of 15 goats on each day of the visit. Egg Hatch Assay was performed on strongyle eggs recovered from pooled faecal sample on each day of sampling with a 2.5% W/V Albendazole. Faecal culture was also set up from the pooled faecal sample on each sampling day to recover and identify the nematode parasites present in the goats. Among the 240 goats sampled, the prevalence of trichostrongylosis as observed by the presence of strongyle eggs was 94.6% (227/240). Faecal culture and larval identification revealed 69.8% of the strongyles as  Haemonchus contortus, while 25.5 and 4.8% were Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum species respectively. In the EHA, Albendazole had mean LC50 value of 0.16 µg/ml which is slightly in excess of the discriminating dose of 0.1µg/ml as prescribed by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) as an indication of anthelmintic resistance. There is therefore an urgent need to screen the nematode parasite population in the Nigeria for the presence Albendazole resistance genes. Key words: GI nematode; egg hatch assay; goat; Albendazole; Resistance; Nigeria

scholarly journals Oxfendazole Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Beetal Goats at Livestock Farms of Punjab (Pakistan)

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saeed ◽  
Z. Iqbal ◽  
A. Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay

This study was carried out to screen goat farms for anthelmintic resistance (AR) against oxfendazole (OXF) and to determine contributory factors for its development. For this purpose, Beetal goat farms (n = 18) were randomly selected, with natural mixed gastrointestinal nematodosis infection. In vivo (faecal egg count reduction test) and in vitro (egg hatch assay) tests were used to ascertain the presence of AR while a scorecard was used to determine the role of possible contributory factors for oxfendazole resistance. For in vivo test, the experimental animals were divided into two groups of 10 animals each; one group received OXF treatment, while the other served as control. Pre- and post-treatment coproculture was performed to identify the species and genera of nematodes. Egg hatch assay (EHA) was used to confirm the results of FECRT. Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) revealed the development of resistance on six farms and post-treatment larval cultures indicated Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Oesophagostomum spp. as dominant species with resistance. Furthermore, EHA confirmed the results of FECRT. Among the presumptive factors for AR, the highest composite score was for rotation of anthelmintics followed by treatment frequency, dose rate and nature of medication. The scorecard for the development of AR, used in this study, may be helpful for the assessment of contributory factors of AR.

Development of an egg hatch assay for the detection of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole in Fasciola hepatica isolated from sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 203 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Robles-Pérez ◽  
J.M. Martínez-Pérez ◽  
F.A. Rojo-Vázquez ◽  
M. Martínez-Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay

Evaluation of the Egg Hatch Assay and the Larval Migration Inhibition Assay to detect anthelmintic resistance in cattle parasitic nematodes on farms

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Demeler ◽  
Nina Kleinschmidt ◽  
Ursula Küttler ◽  
Regine Koopmann ◽  
Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Larval Migration ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of Benzimidazole and Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives in European Bison Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Laura CĂTANĂ ◽  
Aurora URSACHE ◽  
Alexandra PETCU ◽  
Flavia PETREAN ◽  
Raul CĂTANĂ
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Parasitic Resistance ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay ◽  
Inducing Resistance

The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintic agents against intestinal nematodes found in European bison. It was performed between October 2016 and May 2017, using Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA). The parasites were obtained from faecal samples, harvested from bisons in Romania and Sweden. The efficacy of albendazole (ABZ), mebendazole (MBZ) thiabendazole (TBZ) and pyrantel (PYR) was tested. In EHA, the maximum efficacy was observed in MBZ (EC50 = - 0.227 μg/ml), and then TBZ (EC50 = - 0.2228). ABZ had a weaker result, EC50 being 0.326 μg/ml. All tested benzimidazoles registered hatching percentages below 50%, reflecting the lack of parasitic resistance. MIC obtained in the LDA tests were 0.2144 μg/ml for TBZ, 0.2792 μg/ml for PYR, 0.5429 μg/ml for MBZ, while ABZ came last (MIC = 0.8187 μg/ml). The in vitro tests proved the antiparasitic molecules efficacy against bisons nematode population and a limited risk of inducing resistance phenomena.

Effect of selection pressure for thiabendazole resistance on fitness of Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maingi ◽  
M. E. Scott ◽  
R. K. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay ◽  
Severe Pathology ◽  
Larval Establishment

SUMMARYA Strain ofHaemonchus contortusshowing moderate levels of resistance to thiabendazole (TBZ) (egg hatch assay LC50 2.1 μM) was subjected, in alternating sequence, to 5 in vitro and 4 in vivo selections with TBZ. This resulted in a significant increase in resistance (egg hatch assay LC50 2.8 μM). The isolates obtained after each combined in vitro and in vivo selection were compared in terms of egg hatch assay, establishment, net egg output, per capita egg output and degree of pathology caused in infected hosts. The increase in resistance was accompanied by a significant increase in larval establishment sheep (22 %) and was associated with more severe pathology, higher egg count and worm recovery 3 months post- infection.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelminthic Efficacy of Aqueous Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Extracts against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Fabio Castagna ◽  
Domenico Britti ◽  
Manuela Oliverio ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Sonia Bonacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Egg Hatch Test

The worldwide increased difficulty to counteract gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in sheep, due to progressing anthelmintic resistance, has led to the evaluation of other alternative helminth control options, mainly from plants. The anthelmintic efficacy of an aqueous Punica granatum macerate was evaluated in sheep naturally infected by GIN in southern Italy. The macerate was chemically characterized by chromatographic analysis coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) and an aliquot was concentrated to obtain a dry extract. A part was characterized, the remaining washed with methanol to obtain an insoluble residue and methanol phase. In the methanol fraction, the quantitatively predominant gallic acid was purified to obtain the pure molecule. The three fractions thus obtained were used for in vitro studies (i.e., egg hatch test) to verify anthelmintic efficacy. For this purpose, fecal samples were collected from sheep naturally infected by GINs. Fractions were diluted in H2O/DMSO 0.5% at 1.00, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.05, and 0.005 mg/mL concentrations. Thiabendazole (0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) and deionized water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Egg hatch test results indicated that all fractions caused a significant (p < 0.05) egg hatch inhibition within 48 h of exposure highlighting a high (>82%) efficacy in vitro at all tested doses. Maximal egg hatching inhibition effect was exhibited by the methanol fraction (99.3% and 89.3% at 1 and 0.005 mg/mL concentrations), followed by the insoluble residue and gallic acid (94.7% and 85.3% and 94.0% and 82.7% at 1 and 0.005 mg/mL, respectively). The current study validated the anthelmintic potential of traditional P. granatum macerate against GIN infection in sheep, thus highlighting the role of gallic acid as principal component and justifying a need to undertake further in vivo studies on these ethno-veterinary remedies.

An egg-hatch assay for resistance to levamisole in trichostrongyloid nematode parasites

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Dobson ◽  
A.D. Donald ◽  
P.J. Waller ◽  
K.L. Snowdon
Keyword(s):  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of Anthelmintic Medication Used in Sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Mihai CERNEA ◽  
Roxana FILIP ◽  
Raul CĂTANĂ ◽  
Laura CĂTANĂ
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Superior Efficacy ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Post Therapy

Our research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintic treatments in sheep, as well as the resistance occurrence risk for the most commonly used substances. Anthelmintic medication efficacy was evaluated on 30 animals from a private farm, located in Sânmihaiu Almaşului, Sălaj County. In vivo studies were performed by using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and testing an albendazole-based (ABZ) product. In vitro, we used Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA) for albendazole (ABZ), mebendazole (MBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), thiabendazole (TBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) (only for LDA). FECRT showed that intestinal nematodes developed resistance phenomena against the ABZ-based product, with an extensivity of 80% at seven days post therapy, an egg reduction percentage of 41.89% at seven days post-therapy and 43.9% at 14 days post-therapy. The in vitro EHA highlighted a superior efficacy of TBZ (egg hatch percentage at reference concentration being 51.21) compared to ABZ (71.89%), MBZ (84.46%) and FBZ (79.22%), with a minimum risk of anthelmintic resistance. The LDA test revealed the superior efficacy of FBZ (MIC 0.59 mcg/ml) and IVM (MIC 0.078 mcg/ml), with a minimal risk of inducing parasitic resistance. All in vivo and in vitro tests revealed a limited ABZ efficacy, recommending avoiding the therapy with this substance.

Pharmacology of anthelmintic resistance

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (S1) ◽  
pp. S201-S216 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Neuromuscular Systems ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Molecular Aspects

SUMMARYAnthelmintic resistance has compromised the control of nematode parasites in several animal-based industries. Studies of resistance have not only improved our understanding of this phenomenon but also shed light on physiological systems of parasitic helminths. In addition, research on molecular aspects of anthelmintic resistance may provide selectable markers for use in future transfection studies with helminths. Several anthelmintics act on helminth neuromuscular systems. Drugs such as levamisole are cholinergic agonists and, based on pharmacological studies, levamisole-resistant nematodes appear to have altered acetylcholine receptors. It is likely that anticholinesterase anthelmintics share cross resistance with levamisole. Ivermectin appears to be a glutamate agonist.In vitrostudies of ivermectin-resistant nematodes suggest that IVM receptors are located on pharyngeal and somatic muscle. The free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansmay provide a model for anthelmintic resistance. It has been useful in cloning drug receptors from parasites but differences between its life history and habitat compared with parasitic nematodes may limit its usefulness for studying resistance in these parasites.

scholarly journals Screening anthelmintic resistance to triclabendazole in Fasciola hepatica isolated from sheep by means of an egg hatch assay

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robles-Pérez ◽  
José Manuel Martínez-Pérez ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rojo-Vázquez ◽  
María Martínez-Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay
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