The Disease Ecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Management, Prevention, and Control of Increasing Human Infections with Animal Orthopoxviruses

Background: COVID-19 developed into a global pandemic in 2020 and poses challenges regarding the prevention and control capabilities of countries. A large number of inbound travelers from other regions could lead to a renewed outbreak of COVID-19 in the local regions. Globally, as a result of the imbalance in the control of the epidemic, all countries are facing the risk of a renewed COVID-19 outbreak brought about by travelers from epidemic areas. Therefore, studies on a proper management of the inbound travelers are urgent.Methods: We collected a total of 4,733,414 inbound travelers and 174 COVID-19 diagnosed patients in Yunnan province from 21 January 2020 to 20 February 2020. Data on place of origin, travel history, age, and gender, as well as whether they had suspected clinical manifestations for inbound travelers in Yunnan were collected. The impact of inbound travelers on the local epidemic was analyzed with a collinear statistical analysis and the effect of the control measures on the epidemic was evaluated with a sophisticated modeling approach.Results: Of the 174 COVID-19 patients, 60.9% were not from Yunnan, and 76.4% had a history of travel in Hubei. The amount of new daily cases in Yunnan was significant correlated with the number of inbound travelers from Hubei and suspected cases among them. Using Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered (SEIR) model analysis, we found that the prevention and control measures dropped the local R0 down to 1.07 in Yunnan province.Conclusions: Our preliminary analysis showed that the proper management of inbound travelers from outbreak areas has a significantly positive effect on the prevention and control of the virus. In the process of resettlement, some effective measures taken by Yunnan province may provide an important reference for preventing the renewed COVID-19 outbreak in other regions.

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Potential Therapeutic Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.570893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Qin Qiu ◽

Yuge Huang ◽

Xiaohua Liu ◽

Fangfang Huang ◽

Xiaoling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Syndrome Differentiation ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

Syndrome Differentiation And Treatment ◽

And Control

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been rapidly spreading globally and has caused worldwide social and economic disruption. Currently, no specific antiviral drugs or clinically effective vaccines are available to prevent and treat COVID-19. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can facilitate syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients and has demonstrated effectiveness in epidemic prevention and control. In China, TCM intervention has helped to control the epidemic; however, TCM has not been fully recognized worldwide. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and etiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the prevention and treatment measures of COVID-19. Additionally, we describe the application of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 and the identification of small molecules of TCM that demonstrate anti-coronavirus activity. We also analyze the current problems associated with the recognition of TCM. We hope that, through the contribution of TCM, combined with modern technological research and the support of our international counterparts, COVID-19 can be effectively controlled and treated.

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The clinical application of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription issued by Professor Liangduo Jiang in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine ◽

10.1142/s2575900020500032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Jinfang Yao ◽

Jian Yang ◽

Zhenping Yu ◽

Jinwei Chui ◽

Simin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Close Contact ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Medicine Prescription ◽

Chinese Medicine Prescription ◽

And Control ◽

Observation Period

Objective: To summarize the clinical experience of Professor Liangduo Jiang in the prevention and control of the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. Methods: Between January 2020 and February 2020, 87 subjects who have had contact with patients tested positive for COVID-19 in an isolated observation site in Tianjin were given the Chinese medicine prescription for prevention prescribed by Professor Liangduo Jiang continuously for three days. Their basic information, clinical manifestations and medication adherence were statistically analyzed, and the clinical manifestations, temperature changes and infection status after medication were summarized. Results: After the 14-day isolation observation period, only one patient who had close contact with confirmed patients developed a positive test for COVID-19 after taking the preventive Chinese medicine prescription, with the infection rate of 1.149%. Conclusion: The preventive treatment by Professor Liangduo Jiang is effective in the prevention and control of the epidemic.

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Case Report on Early Diagnosis of COVID-19

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.66 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yang Zhou ◽

Le Yang ◽

Ming Han ◽

Minqiang Huang ◽

Xuedong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Case Report ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

Chest Computed Tomography ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, spread rapidly throughout China and gradually to some countries abroad. How is the development of an epidemic controlled? Early diagnosis is one of the important contents in prevention and control. COVID-19 patients with early mild pneumonia often lack typical evidence to make a definitive diagnosis. Based on the analysis of the cases of 4 patients, this article finds that early diagnosis requires a combination of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, imaging, and etiology, with particular emphasis on epidemiology history and chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations.

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Sporadic and Severe Lower Respiratory Illness-related Human Adenovirus Type 21 Infection in Southern China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882659/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenkuan Liu ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Yong Cai ◽

Dehui Chen ◽

Shuyan Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Genome Structure ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Human Adenovirus ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Adenovirus Type ◽

Initial Symptoms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Human adenovirus type 21 (HAdV-21) is an important member of HAdV species B, but our understanding of this type is limited. Methods: We screened HAdV and 17 other common respiratory pathogens for 1,704 pediatric patients (≤14 years old) hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Guangzhou, China in 2019. HAdV-21 infections were further confirmed by molecular typing from HAdV-positive patients, and their clinical manifestations, genomes, infectivity and pathogenicity in vitro were analyzed.Results: 151 of 1,704 cases (8.9%) were positive for HAdV, making it the third most frequently detected pathogen. Two sporadic HAdV-21 infections were identified in June and September. Both HAdV-21-positive patients presented with severe lower respiratory illness and had similar initial symptoms at onset of illness. The genome structure of HAdV-21 was found to be similar to that of other members of HAdV species B. The phylogenetic analysis showed that it was closely related to HAdV-B21 strain BB/201903 (MN686206) isolated in Bengbu, China in 2019, suggesting the possibility of the same source, and attention need to be paid to its prevention and control. In vitro, the infectivity and pathogenicity of HAdV-21 were lower than the main epidemic types 7 and 3. Plaques formed by HAdV-21, -7, and -3 were significantly different in shape and size (p < 0.05), with plaques formed by HAdV-21 being the smallest and with poorly defined edges. There was no significant difference between the plaques of the HAdV-21 isolates (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides an important reference for the in-depth understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of HAdV-21, and suggests the necessity of HAdV-21 research, prevention and control.

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Lyme disease ecology in a changing world: consensus, uncertainty and critical gaps for improving control

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2016.0117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 372 (1722) ◽

pp. 20160117 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

A. Marm Kilpatrick ◽

Andrew D. M. Dobson ◽

Taal Levi ◽

Daniel J. Salkeld ◽

Andrea Swei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Lyme Disease ◽

Disease Ecology ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Tick Feeding ◽

Tick Abundance ◽

And Control

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in temperate regions of North America, Europe and Asia, and the number of reported cases has increased in many regions as landscapes have been altered. Although there has been extensive work on the ecology and epidemiology of this disease in both Europe and North America, substantial uncertainty exists about fundamental aspects that determine spatial and temporal variation in both disease risk and human incidence, which hamper effective and efficient prevention and control. Here we describe areas of consensus that can be built on, identify areas of uncertainty and outline research needed to fill these gaps to facilitate predictive models of disease risk and the development of novel disease control strategies. Key areas of uncertainty include: (i) the precise influence of deer abundance on tick abundance, (ii) how tick populations are regulated, (iii) assembly of host communities and tick-feeding patterns across different habitats, (iv) reservoir competence of host species, and (v) pathogenicity for humans of different genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi . Filling these knowledge gaps will improve Lyme disease prevention and control and provide general insights into the drivers and dynamics of this emblematic multi-host–vector-borne zoonotic disease. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.

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