Persistent Stapedial Artery Resulting in Direct Communication Between the Middle Meningeal and Basilar Arteries: A Clinical Image.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Aljuboori ◽  
Margaret McGrath ◽  
Basavaraj Ghodke
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Image ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Stapedial Artery ◽  
Basilar Arteries

The Vocabulary of Revelation: Divine Intent and Self-Disclosure in the Qur'an

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-215
Author(s):  
Asma Afsaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Divine Mercy ◽  
Divine Truth

This article explores how the uniqueness of the Qur'anic revelation has been perceived by primarily Sunnī Muslim commentators through time in the context of four main analytical aspects of revelation: (i) revelation as communication between God and humans that links language to divine truth; (ii) revelation as both oral and written text that points to complementary modes of divine discourse; (iii) revelation as purposeful manifestation of divine mercy and justice; and finally (iv) the idea of revelation as beautiful and inimitable text that invites the human recipient to ponder the aesthetics of divine self-disclosure which becomes reflected in Islamic theology as the doctrine of iʿjāz al-Qurʾān. These aspects are indicated by certain key concepts and terms derived from the Qur'anic vocabulary itself and are discussed in detail in order to illuminate the nature of the Qur'anic revelation—as adumbrated within the Qur'an itself and as elaborated upon by its human exegetes. The Arabic word for the phenomenon of revelation is waḥy and is, strictly speaking, applied to the Qur'an alone. In the Qur'an, the term wahy and its derivatives frequently occur with reference to God and His communication with humankind, although exceptions exist. Tanzīl is another Qur'anic lexeme that refers uniquely to God's direct communication with humanity. In the understanding of a number of influential commentators, both these terms also imply linguistic and rhetorical excellence as a component of divine revelation recognisable in all four of the aspects identified here.

Teletraffic Analysis of Direct Communication with Clustering

2009 ◽  
Vol E92-A (5) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne LEHTOMÄKI ◽  
Isameldin SULIMAN ◽  
Kenta UMEBAYASHI ◽  
Yasuo SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Direct Communication

A Clinical Image of Reinke's Edema and Progress after Surgical Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoka Nakai ◽  
Kiyoshi Makiyama ◽  
Takahisa Nakai ◽  
Hidetaka Yoshihashi
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Reinke’S Edema

Adult Acquired Flatfoot

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Mataczyński ◽  
Mateusz Pelc ◽  
Halina Romualda Zięba ◽  
Zuzana Hudakova
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Motion Range

Acquired adult flatfoot is a three-dimensional deformation, which consists of hindfoot valgus, collapse of the longitudinal arch of the foot and adduction of the forefoot. The aim of the work is to present problems related to etiology, biomechanics, clinical diagnostics and treatment principles of acquired flatfoot. The most common cause in adults is the dysfunction of the tibialis posterior muscle, leading to the lack of blocking of the transverse tarsal joint during heel elevation. Loading the unblocked joints consequently leads to ligament failure. The clinical image is dominated by pain in the foot and tibiotarsal joint. The physical examination of the flat feet consists of: inspection, palpation, motion range assessment and dynamic force assessment. The comparable attention should be paid to the height of the foot arch, the occurrence of “too many toes” sign, evaluate the heel- rise test and correction of the flatfoot, exclude Achilles tendon contracture. The diagnosis also uses imaging tests. In elastic deformations with symptoms of posterior tibial tendonitis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, short-term immobilization, orthotics stabilizing the medial arch of the foot are used. In rehabilitation, active exercises of the shin muscles and the feet, especially the eccentric exercises of the posterior tibial muscle, are intentional. The physiotherapy and balneotherapy treatments, in particular hydrotherapy, electrotherapy and laser therapy, are used as a support. In advanced lesions, surgical treatment may be necessary, including plastic surgery of soft tissues, tendons, as well as osteotomy procedures.

AI-Provided Instant Differential Diagnosis of Pemphigus Vulgaris and Bullous Pemphigoid: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu He ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Guangyu Wang ◽  
Kang Zhang ◽  
Navarini Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Bullous Pemphigoid ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
Multimodal Classification

BACKGROUND Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are two rare but severe inflammatory dermatoses. Due to the regional lack of trained dermatologists, many patients with these two diseases are misdiagnosed and therefore incorrectly treated. An artificial intelligence diagnosis framework would be highly adaptable for the early diagnosis of these two diseases. OBJECTIVE Design and evaluate an artificial intelligence diagnosis framework for PV and BP. METHODS The work was conducted on a dermatological dataset consisting of 17,735 clinical images and 346 patient metadata of bullous dermatoses. A two-stage diagnosis framework was designed, where the first stage trained a clinical image classification model to classify bullous dermatoses from five common skin diseases and normal skin and the second stage developed a multimodal classification model of clinical images and patient metadata to further differentiate PV and BP. RESULTS The clinical image classification model and the multimodal classification model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.998 and 0.942, respectively. On the independent test set of 20 PV and 20 BP cases, our multimodal classification model (sensitivity: 0.85, specificity: 0.95) performed better than the average of 27 junior dermatologists (sensitivity: 0.68, specificity: 0.78) and comparable to the average of 69 senior dermatologists (sensitivity: 0.80, specificity: 0.87). CONCLUSIONS Our diagnosis framework based on clinical images and patient metadata achieved expert-level identification of PV and BP, and is potential to be an effective tool for dermatologists in remote areas in the early diagnosis of these two diseases.

scholarly journals An Ad Hoc Random Initialization Deep Neural Network Architecture for Discriminating Malignant Breast Cancer Lesions in Mammographic Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Duggento ◽  
Marco Aiello ◽  
Carlo Cavaliere ◽  
Giuseppe L. Cascella ◽  
Davide Cascella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Image ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Breast Cancer Death ◽  
Random Initialization

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, with more than 1,300,000 cases and 450,000 deaths each year worldwide. In this context, recent studies showed that early breast cancer detection, along with suitable treatment, could significantly reduce breast cancer death rates in the long term. X-ray mammography is still the instrument of choice in breast cancer screening. In this context, the false-positive and false-negative rates commonly achieved by radiologists are extremely arduous to estimate and control although some authors have estimated figures of up to 20% of total diagnoses or more. The introduction of novel artificial intelligence (AI) technologies applied to the diagnosis and, possibly, prognosis of breast cancer could revolutionize the current status of the management of the breast cancer patient by assisting the radiologist in clinical image interpretation. Lately, a breakthrough in the AI field has been brought about by the introduction of deep learning techniques in general and of convolutional neural networks in particular. Such techniques require no a priori feature space definition from the operator and are able to achieve classification performances which can even surpass human experts. In this paper, we design and validate an ad hoc CNN architecture specialized in breast lesion classification from imaging data only. We explore a total of 260 model architectures in a train-validation-test split in order to propose a model selection criterion which can pose the emphasis on reducing false negatives while still retaining acceptable accuracy. We achieve an area under the receiver operatic characteristics curve of 0.785 (accuracy 71.19%) on the test set, demonstrating how an ad hoc random initialization architecture can and should be fine tuned to a specific problem, especially in biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Back to reality: transition techniques from short HMD-based virtual experiences to the physical world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Horst ◽  
Ramtin Naraghi-Taghi-Off ◽  
Linda Rau ◽  
Ralf Dörner
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
User Study ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Presentation Media ◽  
Virtual Experiences ◽  
Short Times

AbstractEvery Virtual Reality (VR) experience has to end at some point. While there already exist concepts to design transitions for users to enter a virtual world, their return from the physical world should be considered, as well, as it is a part of the overall VR experience. We call the latter outro-transitions. In contrast to offboarding of VR experiences, that takes place after taking off VR hardware (e.g., HMDs), outro-transitions are still part of the immersive experience. Such transitions occur more frequently when VR is experienced periodically and for only short times. One example where transition techniques are necessary is in an auditorium where the audience has individual VR headsets available, for example, in a presentation using PowerPoint slides together with brief VR experiences sprinkled between the slides. The audience must put on and take off HMDs frequently every time they switch from common presentation media to VR and back. In a such a one-to-many VR scenario, it is challenging for presenters to explore the process of multiple people coming back from the virtual to the physical world at once. Direct communication may be constrained while VR users are wearing an HMD. Presenters need a tool to indicate them to stop the VR session and switch back to the slide presentation. Virtual visual cues can help presenters or other external entities (e.g., automated/scripted events) to request VR users to end a VR session. Such transitions become part of the overall experience of the audience and thus must be considered. This paper explores visual cues as outro-transitions from a virtual world back to the physical world and their utility to enable presenters to request VR users to end a VR session. We propose and investigate eight transition techniques. We focus on their usage in short consecutive VR experiences and include both established and novel techniques. The transition techniques are evaluated within a user study to draw conclusions on the effects of outro-transitions on the overall experience and presence of participants. We also take into account how long an outro-transition may take and how comfortable our participants perceived the proposed techniques. The study points out that they preferred non-interactive outro-transitions over interactive ones, except for a transition that allowed VR users to communicate with presenters. Furthermore, we explore the presenter-VR user relation within a presentation scenario that uses short VR experiences. The study indicates involving presenters that can stop a VR session was not only negligible but preferred by our participants.

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