scholarly journals The effectiveness of place-based interventions in improving development, health and wellbeing outcomes in children aged 0-6 years living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in high-income countries – A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 100064
Author(s):  
Joanna Glover ◽  
Nora Samir ◽  
Cathy Kaplun ◽  
Tania Rimes ◽  
Karen Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Income ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods

scholarly journals Risk of infection in antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria carriers: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Arzilli ◽  
G Scardina ◽  
V Casigliani ◽  
M Moi ◽  
E Lucenteforte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
High Income ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Risk Of Progression

Abstract Background Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (AMR-GNB) have emerged as important health care-associated pathogens. Infections with AMR-GNB are associated with high patient morbidity and attributable mortality. Colonization is a prerequisite for infection, however the extent to which colonized patients develop infection is unclear. This systematic review explored the risk of developing infection during hospitalisation among AMR-GNB faecal carriers. Also, we investigated the acquisition rate for AMR-GNB colonization among patients not colonized at admission. Methods We searched on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases for studies published from 2010 up to April 2019. We included studies reporting on hospitalised patients ≥18 years old in high-income countries (excluding long-term care facilities). Results Out of 9496 articles, 55 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Forty-two studies reported data from EU/EEA, 6 from USA and 7 from other regions. Almost all studies (n = 45) were conducted in university hospitals. Most studies (n = 41;74.5%) were performed in high-risk wards (ICU, haematology, burn units and transplant units). Out of 55 studies, 8 examined AMR-GNB, 27 Enterobacteriaceae, while the others investigated specific pathogens: Klebsiella spp. (n = 11), E. Coli (n = 2), A. Baumannii (n = 3) and P. Aeruginosa (n = 4). The rate of AMR-GNB carriage acquisition was 10.5% (n = 40 studies; 95% CI:8.2-13.1). The risk of progression to infection among patients colonized at hospital admission was 13.9% (n = 15; 5.4-24.9), while the infection rate in patients who acquired carriage during hospitalization was 23.0% (n = 7; 5.9-45.2). Patients with an undefined time of colonization presented an infection rate of 16.9% (n = 13; 11.2-23.4). Considering these three populations as a whole, the risk of developing infection was 16.0% (11.0-21.0). Conclusions Our results suggest that risk of progression to infection in AMR-GNB colonized patients in hospital setting is high. Key messages The aim of our study was to estimate the risk of progression to infection, during hospital stay, in patients colonized by AMR-GNB at hospital admission in high-income countries. Our results suggest that faecal colonization with AMR-GNB poses a 16.0% risk of subsequent AMR-GNB infection. This risk in higher (23.0%) in patients who acquired colonization during hospitalisation.

Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Testing in Migrants in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2012-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Blondell ◽  
Bryony Kitter ◽  
Mark P. Griffin ◽  
Jo Durham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
High Income ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators

The contribution of allotment gardening to health and wellbeing: A systematic review of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 593-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Genter ◽  
Anne Roberts ◽  
Janet Richardson ◽  
Mike Sheaff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

scholarly journals Systematic review protocol exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of general practitioners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jefferson ◽  
Su Golder ◽  
Veronica Dale ◽  
Holly Essex ◽  
Elizabeth McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
The Impact

Background Over recent years chronic stress and burnout have been reported by doctors working in general practice in the UK NHS and internationally. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed general practitioners working lives; adding potential pressures from avoiding infection and addressing pent-up demand for care, but also changing processes such as rapidly taking up remote consultations. To date, there has been a focus on exploring the impact of the pandemic on the wellbeing of hospital clinicians. No registered systematic reviews currently focus on exploring the impact of the pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of general practitioners. Aims and objectives To synthesise the current international evidence base exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of general practitioners, and which factors are associated with their reported mental health and wellbeing during the pandemic. Methods In this paper we report a systematic review protocol, following PRISMA guidance. In our search strategy we will identify primary research studies or systematic reviews exploring the mental health and wellbeing of general practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic in four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo and Medrxiv) and Google Scholar. We will hand-search reference lists and grey literature. Two reviewers will undertake all stages including study selection, data extraction and quality assessment, with arbitration by a third reviewer where necessary. We will use standardised quality assessment tools to ensure transparency and reduce bias in quality assessment. Depending on the quality of included studies, we may undertake a sensitivity analysis by excluding studies from narrative synthesis that are rated as low quality using the checklists. We will describe the findings across studies using narrative thematic data synthesis, and if sufficiently homogenous data are identified, we will pool quantitative findings through meta-analysis.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis among African migrants in high income countries: a systematic review

Sexual Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chido Mwaturura ◽  
Michael Traeger ◽  
Christopher Lemoh ◽  
Mark Stoove ◽  
Brian Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Income ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
African Migrants ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Strategies for increasing uptake of vaccination in pregnancy in high-income countries: A systematic review

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (20) ◽  
pp. 2751-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Alexandra Bisset ◽  
Pauline Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Income ◽  
In Pregnancy

Comparing the Effects of Unsustainable Production and Consumption of Food on Health and Policy Across Developed and Less Developed Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1011-1035
Author(s):  
Josue Mbonigaba
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Production And Consumption

The unsustainable food consumption across high-income countries (HICs) and low-income countries (LICs) is expected to differ in nature and extent, although no formal evidence in this respect has been documented. Documenting this evidence is the aim of this chapter. Specifically, the chapter seeks to answer the following questions: 1) Do the contexts in less developed countries (LDCs) and developed countries (DCs) make the nature and extent of unsustainability in food consumption different? 2) Do the mechanisms of the linkage between unsustainability of food consumption and health outcomes independent of countries' contexts? 3) Are current policies against unsustainable food consumption equally effective in DCs and LDCs? These questions are answered by means of a systematic review of the literature for the period 2000-2017. The findings are that the nature and extent of unsustainability is quite different across contexts of LICs and HICs.

scholarly journals Health outcomes of iron supplementation and/or food fortification in iron-replete children aged 4–24 months: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Hare ◽  
Sabine Braat ◽  
Bárbara R. Cardoso ◽  
Christopher Morgan ◽  
Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Theses And Dissertations ◽  
Additional Iron

Abstract Background Direct supplementation or food fortification with iron are two public health initiatives intended to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in 4–24-month-old infants. In most high-income countries where IDA prevalence is < 15%, the recommended daily intake levels of iron from supplements and/or consumption of fortified food products are at odds with World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines that recommend shorter-term (3 months/year) supplementation only in populations with IDA prevalence > 40%. Emerging concerns about delayed neurological effects of early-life iron overexposure have raised questions as to whether recommended guidelines in high-income countries are unnecessarily excessive. This systematic review will gather evidence from supplementation/fortification trials, comparing health outcomes in studies where iron-replete children did or did not receive additional dietary iron; and determine if replete children at study outset were not receiving additional iron show changes in haematological indices of ID/IDA over the trial duration. Methods We will perform a systematic review of the literature, including all studies of iron supplementation and/or fortification, including study arms with confirmed iron-replete infants at the commencement of the trial. This includes both dietary iron intervention or placebo/average dietary intakes. One reviewer will conduct searches in electronic databases of published and ongoing trials (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, EBSCO [e.g. CINAHL Complete, Food Science and Technology Abstracts], Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu and who.it/trialsearch), digital theses and dissertations (WorldCat, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, DART-Europe E-theses Portal, Australasian Digital Theses Program, Theses Canada Portal and ProQuest). For eligible studies, one reviewer will use a data extraction form, and a second reviewing entered data for accuracy. Both reviewers will independently perform quality assessments before qualitative and, if appropriate, quantitative synthesis as a meta-analysis. We will resolve any discrepancies through discussion or consult a third author to resolve discrepancies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement will be used as the basis for reporting. Discussion Recommended iron supplementation and food fortification practices in high-income countries have been criticised for being both excessive and based on outdated or underpowered studies. This systematic review will build a case for revisiting iron intake guidelines for infants through the design of new trials where health effects of additional iron intake in iron-replete infants are the primary outcome. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018093744.

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