scholarly journals Evolution of a developmental mechanism: Species-specific regulation of the cell cycle and the timing of events during craniofacial osteogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 385 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hall ◽  
Andrew H. Jheon ◽  
Erin L. Ealba ◽  
B. Frank Eames ◽  
Kristin D. Butcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Developmental Mechanism ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Host and Symbiont Cell Cycle Coordination Is Mediated by Symbiotic State, Nutrition, and Partner Identity in a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor R. Tivey ◽  
John Everett Parkinson ◽  
Virginia M. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT The cell cycle is a critical component of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and response to stress, yet its role in the regulation of intracellular symbioses is not well understood. To explore host-symbiont cell cycle coordination in a marine symbiosis, we employed a model for coral-dinoflagellate associations: the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) and its native microalgal photosymbionts (Breviolum minutum and Breviolum psygmophilum). Using fluorescent labeling and spatial point-pattern image analyses to characterize cell population distributions in both partners, we developed protocols that are tailored to the three-dimensional cellular landscape of a symbiotic sea anemone tentacle. Introducing cultured symbiont cells to symbiont-free adult hosts increased overall host cell proliferation rates. The acceleration occurred predominantly in the symbiont-containing gastrodermis near clusters of symbionts but was also observed in symbiont-free epidermal tissue layers, indicating that the presence of symbionts contributes to elevated proliferation rates in the entire host during colonization. Symbiont cell cycle progression differed between cultured algae and those residing within hosts; the endosymbiotic state resulted in increased S-phase but decreased G2/M-phase symbiont populations. These phenotypes and the deceleration of cell cycle progression varied with symbiont identity and host nutritional status. These results demonstrate that host and symbiont cells have substantial and species-specific effects on the proliferation rates of their mutualistic partners. This is the first empirical evidence to support species-specific regulation of the symbiont cell cycle within a single cnidarian-dinoflagellate association; similar regulatory mechanisms likely govern interpartner coordination in other coral-algal symbioses and shape their ecophysiological responses to a changing climate. IMPORTANCE Biomass regulation is critical to the overall health of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses. Despite the central role of the cell cycle in the growth and proliferation of cnidarian host cells and dinoflagellate symbionts, there are few studies that have examined the potential for host-symbiont coregulation. This study provides evidence for the acceleration of host cell proliferation when in local proximity to clusters of symbionts within cnidarian tentacles. The findings suggest that symbionts augment the cell cycle of not only their enveloping host cells but also neighboring cells in the epidermis and gastrodermis. This provides a possible mechanism for rapid colonization of cnidarian tissues. In addition, the cell cycles of symbionts differed depending on nutritional regime, symbiotic state, and species identity. The responses of cell cycle profiles to these different factors implicate a role for species-specific regulation of symbiont cell cycles within host cnidarian tissues.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Regulation of TRPM2 by PI(4,5)P2 via the Membrane Interfacial Cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4637
Author(s):  
Daniel Barth ◽  
Andreas Lückhoff ◽  
Frank J. P. Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Activation Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
Positively Charged

The human apoptosis channel TRPM2 is stimulated by intracellular ADR-ribose and calcium. Recent studies show pronounced species-specific activation mechanisms. Our aim was to analyse the functional effect of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), commonly referred to as PIP2, on different TRPM2 orthologues. Moreover, we wished to identify the interaction site between TRPM2 and PIP2. We demonstrate a crucial role of PIP2, in the activation of TRPM2 orthologues of man, zebrafish, and sea anemone. Utilizing inside-out patch clamp recordings of HEK-293 cells transfected with TRPM2, differential effects of PIP2 that were dependent on the species variant became apparent. While depletion of PIP2 via polylysine uniformly caused complete inactivation of TRPM2, restoration of channel activity by artificial PIP2 differed widely. Human TRPM2 was the least sensitive species variant, making it the most susceptible one for regulation by changes in intramembranous PIP2 content. Furthermore, mutations of highly conserved positively charged amino acid residues in the membrane interfacial cavity reduced the PIP2 sensitivity in all three TRPM2 orthologues to varying degrees. We conclude that the membrane interfacial cavity acts as a uniform PIP2 binding site of TRPM2, facilitating channel activation in the presence of ADPR and Ca2+ in a species-specific manner.

scholarly journals Species-specific Regulation of Toll-like Receptor 3 Genes in Men and Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 278 (24) ◽  
pp. 21502-21509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Heinz ◽  
Viola Haehnel ◽  
Marina Karaghiosoff ◽  
Lucia Schwarzfischer ◽  
Mathias Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

Plant-specific regulation of replication protein�A2 (OsRPA2) from rice during the cell cycle and in response to ultraviolet light exposure

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Marwedel ◽  
Toyotaka Ishibashi ◽  
Ren� Lorbiecke ◽  
Silke Jacob ◽  
Kengo Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Replication Protein ◽  
Specific Regulation

scholarly journals Topoisomerase II alpha is associated with the mammalian centromere in a cell cycle- and species-specific manner and is required for proper centromere/kinetochore structure.

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Rattner ◽  
M J Hendzel ◽  
C S Furbee ◽  
M T Muller ◽  
D P Bazett-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Tissue Culture Cell ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii Alpha ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Topo Ii ◽  
Species Specific

A study of the distribution of Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo II) in cells of six tissue culture cell lines, human (HeLa), mouse (L929), rat, Indian muntjac, rat kangaroo (PTK-2), and wallaby revealed the following features: (1) There is a cell cycle association of a specific population of Topo II with the centromere. (2) The centromere is distinguished from the remainder of the chromosome by the intensity of its Topo II reactivity. (3) The first appearance of a detectable population of Topo II at the centromere varies between species but is correlated with the onset of centromeric heterochromatin condensation. (4) Detectable centromeric Topo II declines at the completion of cell division. (5) The distribution pattern of Topo II within the centromere is species- and stage-specific and is conserved only within the kinetochore domain. In addition, we report that the Topo II inhibitor ICRF-193 can prevent the normal accumulation of Topo II at the centromere. This results in the disruption of chromatin condensation sub-adjacent to the kinetochore as well as the perturbation of kinetochore structure. Taken together, our studies indicate that the distribution of Topo II at the centromere is unlike that reported for the remainder of the chromosome and is essential for proper formation of centromere/kinetochore structure.

scholarly journals Chromatin remodeling in bovine embryos indicates species-specific regulation of genome activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Halstead ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Richard M. Schultz ◽  
Pablo J. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Development ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Epigenetic Remodeling ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Genome Activation ◽  
Cross Species Comparison

Abstract The shift from maternal to embryonic control is a critical developmental milestone in preimplantation development. Widespread transcriptomic and epigenetic remodeling facilitate this transition from terminally differentiated gametes to totipotent blastomeres, but the identity of transcription factors (TF) and genomic elements regulating embryonic genome activation (EGA) are poorly defined. The timing of EGA is species-specific, e.g., the timing of murine and human EGA differ significantly. To deepen our understanding of mammalian EGA, here we profile changes in open chromatin during bovine preimplantation development. Before EGA, open chromatin is enriched for maternal TF binding, similar to that observed in humans and mice. During EGA, homeobox factor binding becomes more prevalent and requires embryonic transcription. A cross-species comparison of open chromatin during preimplantation development reveals strong similarity in the regulatory circuitry underlying bovine and human EGA compared to mouse. Moreover, TFs associated with murine EGA are not enriched in cattle or humans, indicating that cattle may be a more informative model for human preimplantation development than mice.

Species-specific regulation of fibrinogen synthesis with implications for porcine hepatocyte xenotransplantation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Ramackers ◽  
Johannes Klose ◽  
Florian W. R. Vondran ◽  
Harald Schrem ◽  
Alexander Kaltenborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Hepatocyte ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

Expression of p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1 and p27Kip1Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors During Human Hematopoiesis

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4167-4178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyasu Taniguchi ◽  
Hisako Endo ◽  
Norio Chikatsu ◽  
Kaoru Uchimaru ◽  
Shigetaka Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cord Blood Cd34 ◽  
Specific Regulation

Abstract Expression of p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors is associated with induced differentiation and cell-cycle arrest in some hematopoietic cell lines. However, it is not clear how these inhibitors are expressed during normal hematopoiesis. We examined various human hematopoietic colonies derived from cord blood CD34+cells, bone marrow, and peripheral blood cells using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, immunochemistry, and/or Western blot analysis. p21 mRNA was expressed increasingly over time in all of the colonies examined (granulocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and erythroblasts), whereas p27 mRNA levels remained low, except for erythroid bursts. Erythroid bursts expressed both p21 and p27 mRNAs with differentiation but expressed neither protein, whereas both proteins were expressed in megakaryocytes and peripheral blood monocytes. In bone marrow, p21 was immunostained almost exclusively in a subset of megakaryocytes and p27 protein was present in megakaryocytes, plasma cells, and endothelial cells. In megakaryocytes, reciprocal expression of p27 to Ki-67 was evident and an inverse relationship between p21 and Ki-67 positivities was also present, albeit less obvious. These observations suggest that a complex lineage-specific regulation is involved in p21 and p27 expression and that these inhibitors are involved in cell-cycle exit in megakaryocytes.

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