Monitoring the tobacco use epidemic IV. The vector: Tobacco industry data sources and recommendations for research and evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. S24-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess Boley Cruz
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchita Mukherjee ◽  
U. S. Mishra

Tobacco use is a serious concern in India since it is one of the largest producers and consumers of tobacco in the world. With growing evidence of health hazards caused by tobacco, Government of India had enacted various tobacco control legislations. This article provides a critical review of such government interventions. It traces tobacco practices and production trends in India, and proceeds further to provide a detailed account of the history of such interventions to understand the effectiveness of such policies, and stresses on the role of tobacco companies to weaken tobacco control policies in India. This article concludes that though tobacco control has taken a long leap forward with the introduction of various legislative steps to prohibit tobacco use across the country, review of these policies shows their inadequacy not only in enforcement but also in issues related to (a) the interference of the tobacco industry, (b) issues with tobacco taxation and (c) the failure of government to rehabilitate people involved with cultivation, production and distribution of tobacco products.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jacob

Regulatory policy toward tobacco significantly affects oral health because tobacco use is a driver of diseases that manifest themselves in or near the oral cavity. Tobacco use in the United States has been associated with millions of cases of periodontal disease. Researchers have identified the role of combusted and noncombusted tobacco products in promoting cancers of the head and neck, leading to disease and premature death. Tobacco companies have moved increasingly toward so-called next-generation products (NGPs)—products that may emit fewer toxins than combustible forms of tobacco. Although NGPs may negatively affect the lungs and other bodily systems, they shift the injection site of nicotine from the lungs to the oral cavity and oral tissues. Because the long-term effects of NGPs are unknown, this tobacco marketing development has profound implications for oral disease. The US Food and Drug Administration exercises regulatory authority over tobacco products. The tobacco industry has avoided meaningful regulation of its products, especially smokeless forms. By publishing new research, oral health scientists can meaningfully shape the climate in which the administration’s policy making occurs.


2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A GIlmore ◽  
A Rowell ◽  
S Gallus ◽  
A Lugo ◽  
L Joossens ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Alderman

Physicians have long served as expert witnesses in litigation, and their medical knowledge can contribute to the appropriate resolution of a case. However, ethical issues may arise when physicians appear on behalf of the tobacco industry. Two ways that doctors participate in lawsuits are through depositions (statements given under oath before trial to attorneys, who often use them to prepare the case or develop a strategy) and by testifying in court during trial. The Tobacco Deposition and Trial Testimony Archive (DATTA) is an electronic database of depositions, trial testimony, opening and closing statements, and other material from tobacco lawsuits collected by the Center for Tobacco Use Prevention and Research. At the time the research for this article was conducted, the database included depositions and trial testimony of expert witnesses from 232 smoking and health cases.


Author(s):  
Jeffrey Drope ◽  
Clifford E. Douglas ◽  
Brian D. Carter

Until the mid-twentieth century, opposition to tobacco use was based primarily on moral and social issues rather than specific health effects or strategies to control the problem. Since then, a comprehensive approach has been developed to counter the activities of the tobacco industry. National and international agencies work to protect non-smokers from tobacco smoke, decrease consumption by increasing the price of tobacco products through excise taxes, promote cessation, educate the public about the dangers of tobacco use, prohibit sales to minors, enforce bans on advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, and change social norms about tobacco use. Although this chapter cites mostly examples from the United States, the “Best Practices” for comprehensive tobacco control are now embedded in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the WHO Empower Initiative. These interventions were developed incrementally over decades and continue to be refined and tailored for effectiveness at the national and international level.


The Lancet ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A Evans-Reeves ◽  
Jenny L Hatchard ◽  
Andrew Rowell ◽  
Anna B Gilmore

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055354
Author(s):  
Dorie E Apollonio ◽  
Stanton Glantz

BackgroundIncreasing the price of tobacco products has the potential to reduce tobacco consumption. As other forms of promotion have been increasingly restricted over time, tobacco manufacturers have relied more on trade discounts. Minimum price laws that prevented the use of manufacturer promotions were once common; however in most US jurisdictions these discounts are now legally protected.MethodsWe collected tobacco industry documents, state legislation and court cases between 1987 and 2016 to review tobacco manufacturer strategies to change minimum price laws in the USA.ResultsBeginning in 2000, tobacco manufacturers lobbied to amend minimum price legislation after state regulators indicated that manufacturer promotions were illegal under existing laws. Companies viewed changing these laws as critical to maintaining tobacco sales, and after the initiation of an industry lobbying campaign, at least 20 states changed the way they calculated tobacco prices.ConclusionsModifying existing minimum price laws so that manufacturer discounts are no longer protected, and implementing new minimum price policies with comparable scope, would likely increase prices and reduce tobacco use.


1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Prochaska ◽  
S. M. Hall ◽  
L. A. Bero
Keyword(s):  

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