Late Pleistocene (MIS 3–4) climate inferred from micromammal communities and δ18O of rodents from Les Pradelles, France

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Royer ◽  
Christophe Lécuyer ◽  
Sophie Montuire ◽  
Gilles Escarguel ◽  
François Fourel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
P Values ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Dicrostonyx Torquatus ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Rare Opportunity

The middle Paleolithic stratigraphic sequence of Les Pradelles (Charente, France) spans from the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 until the middle of MIS 3. Micromammal remains are present in all the stratigraphic levels, offering a rare opportunity to address the questions of both environmental and climatic fluctuations throughout this period. Climate modes were studied through the taphonomy, biodiversity and oxygen isotope compositions of phosphate (δ18O p ) from 66 samples of rodent tooth enamel. The δ18O p values from the lower sedimentary levels provide summer mean air temperatures of 19 ± 2°C (level 2/1) and of 16 ± 2°C (levels 2A, 2B and 4A). Within the middle of sequence (level 4B), a paleobiodiversity change can be identified with an increase of Dicrostonyx torquatus, which is associated with the largest amplitude in δ18O p values and the highest maximal δ18O p values. At the top of the sequence (level 5-2), a biodiversity change is observed with the increase of Microtus arvalis, but without any change in δ18O p values. The association of cold rodent species with unexpected high and large amplitudes in the δ18O p values of their teeth, possibly indicative of aridity, suggests their deposition during a Heinrich event.

Summer air temperature, reconstructions from the last glacial stage based on rodents from the site Taillis-des-Coteaux (Vienne), Western France

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Royer ◽  
Christophe Lécuyer ◽  
Sophie Montuire ◽  
Jérôme Primault ◽  
François Fourel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Sedimentary Sequence ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Tooth Formation ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractThe oxygen isotope composition of phosphate from tooth enamel of rodents (δ18Op) constitutes a valuable proxy to reconstruct past air temperatures in continental environments. This method has been applied to rodent dental remains from three genera, Arvicola sp., Microtus sp. and Dicrostonyx sp., coming from Taillis-des-Coteaux, Vienne, France. This archaeological site contains an exceptionally preserved sedimentary sequence spanning almost the whole Upper Palaeolithic, including seven stratigraphic layers dated from 35 to 17 cal ka BP. The abundant presence of rodent remains offers the opportunity to quantify the climatic fluctuations coeval of the various stages of human occupation of the site. Differences between δ18Op values of Arvicola sp. and Microtus sp. teeth are interpreted as the result of heterochrony in tooth formation as well as differences in ecology. Mean δ18Op values of Microtus sp. are preferentially used to reconstruct summer air temperatures, which range from 16.0 ± 3.7 to 19.1 ± 3.1°C throughout the sedimentary sequence; however, the highest variability is observed during the last glacial maximum.

Last glacial climate instability documented by coarse-grained sediments within the loess sequence, at Fanjiaping, Lanzhou, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanchao Jiang ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jessica Thompson ◽  
Zhongli Ding ◽  
Yanchou Lu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Mis 3

AbstractOptically Stimulated Luminescence dating, grain-size analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted on the Fanjiaping loess section, from the western Chinese Loess Plateau. The results confirm that last glacial high-frequency climatic shifts were documented in mid-latitude continental archives. The grain-size record indicated that coarse-grained sediments with horizontal bedding and channel-fill structures were only deposited in several short intervals, equivalent to the beginning of marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 4 and the early to middle MIS 3. This probably implies brief rainfall intensification of the Asian summer monsoon, and its disappearance since the late MIS 3 to MIS 2 may have been a response to significant glacial cooling in the Northern Hemisphere. Previous investigations revealed high sea-surface temperatures at high latitudes at the start of MIS 4, and the early to middle MIS 3 intensification of summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere, implying evident climate amelioration. Climate improvement favors boreal forest recovery, enhancing both winter and summer air temperatures. The resultant smaller equator-polar temperature gradient probably helped the moisture-laden summer monsoon to penetrate northward. This study thus provides new significant information about the response of terrestrial loessic palaeoenvironments to millennial-timescale climatic fluctuations during the last glacial period.

Late Pleistocene climatic change in the French Jura (Gigny) recorded in the δ18O of phosphate from ungulate tooth enamel

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Fabre ◽  
Christophe Lécuyer ◽  
Jean-Philip Brugal ◽  
Romain Amiot ◽  
François Fourel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
French Jura ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Interdependent Relationships

AbstractOxygen isotope compositions of phosphate in tooth enamel from large mammals (i.e. horse and red deer) were measured to quantify past mean annual air temperatures and seasonal variations between 145 ka and 33 ka in eastern France. The method is based on interdependent relationships between the δ18O of apatite phosphate, environmental waters and air temperatures. Horse (Equus caballus germanicus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) remains have δ18O values that range from 14.2‰ to 17.2‰, indicating mean air temperatures between 7°C and 13°C. Oxygen isotope time series obtained from two of the six horse teeth show a sinusoidal-like signal that could have been forced by temperature variations of seasonal origin. Intra-tooth oxygen isotope variations reveal that at 145 ka, winters were colder (− 7 ± 2°C) than at present (3 ± 1°C) while summer temperatures were similar. Winter temperatures mark a well-developed West–East thermal gradient in France of about − 9°C, much stronger than the −4°C difference recorded presently. Negative winter temperatures were likely responsible for the extent and duration of the snow cover, thus limiting the food resources available for large ungulates with repercussions for Neanderthal predators.

scholarly journals Preliminary paleoenvironmental analysis of permafrost deposits at Batagaika megaslump, Yana Uplands, northeast Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian B. Murton ◽  
Mary E. Edwards ◽  
Anatoly V. Lozhkin ◽  
Patricia M. Anderson ◽  
Grigoriy N. Savvinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Eolian Sand ◽  
Sand Sheet ◽  
Mis 5 ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Analysis ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractA megaslump at Batagaika, in northern Yakutia, exposes a remarkable stratigraphic sequence of permafrost deposits ~50–80 m thick. To determine their potential for answering key questions about Quaternary environmental and climatic change in northeast Siberia, we carried out a reconnaissance study of their cryostratigraphy and paleoecology, supported by four rangefinder 14C ages. The sequence includes two ice complexes separated by a unit of fine sand containing narrow syngenetic ice wedges and multiple paleosols. Overall, the sequence developed as permafrost grew syngenetically through an eolian sand sheet aggrading on a hillslope. Wood remains occur in two forest beds, each associated with a reddened weathering horizon. The lower bed contains high amounts of Larix pollen (>20%), plus small amounts of Picea and Pinus pumila, and is attributed to interglacial conditions. Pollen from the overlying sequence is dominated by herbaceous taxa (~70%–80%) attributed to an open tundra landscape during interstadial climatic conditions. Of three hypothetical age schemes considered, we tentatively attribute much of the Batagaika sequence to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The upper and lower forest beds may represent a mid–MIS 3 optimum and MIS 5, respectively, although we cannot discount alternative attributions to MIS 5 and 7.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy And Paleolithic Landscapes of the Beganchik Site at the Kama-Volga Confluence

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Cordova ◽  
◽  
Leonid A. Vyazov ◽  
Mikhail S. Blinnikov ◽  
Elena V. Ponomarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
The West ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
West Side ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Kuybyshev Reservoir ◽  
The One

The Beganchik locality is a stratigraphic sequence of loessic deposits, pedogenic horizons and Paleolithic occupations located at the Kama-Volga confluence. The sequence is exposed on a bluff formed on the west side of an erosional remnant between the Kuybyshev Reservoir and the former channel of the Aktay River. Although the site is known for its Terminal Paleolithic-Mesolithic occupations of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, evidence of older occupations and remains of fauna has been identified. Our research team identified evidence of human presence associated with a pedogenic horizon of MIS 3 age. Two AMS radiocarbon ages from a hearth produced ages around 47 000 years BP. Pollen and phytoliths from two soils horizons, including the one associated with the hearths indicate a steppe environment coincident with the formation of correlative soils elsewhere in the Russian Plain.

scholarly journals Resilience at the Transition to Agriculture: The Long-Term Landscape and Resource Development at the Aceramic Neolithic Tell Site of Chogha Golan (Iran)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Riehl ◽  
E. Asouti ◽  
D. Karakaya ◽  
B. M. Starkovich ◽  
M. Zeidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
A Site ◽  
Aceramic Neolithic

The evidence for the slow development from gathering and cultivation of wild species to the use of domesticates in the Near East, deriving from a number of Epipalaeolithic and aceramic Neolithic sites with short occupational stratigraphies, cannot explain the reasons for the protracted development of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent. The botanical and faunal remains from the long stratigraphic sequence of Chogha Golan, indicate local changes in environmental conditions and subsistence practices that characterize a site-specific pathway into emerging agriculture. Our multidisciplinary approach demonstrates a long-term subsistence strategy of several hundred years on wild cereals and pulses as well as on hunting a variety of faunal species that were based on relatively favorable and stable environmental conditions. Fluctuations in the availability of resources after around 10.200 cal BP may have been caused by small-scale climatic fluctuations. The temporary depletion of resources was managed through a shift to other species which required minor technological changes to make these resources accessible and by intensification of barley cultivation which approached its domestication. After roughly 200 years, emmer domestication is apparent, accompanied by higher contribution of cattle in the diet, suggesting long-term intensification of resource management.

The use of scanning electron microscopy in interpreting chenopodium remains from three archaeological sites in northwestern Iowa

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1112-1113
Author(s):  
Douglas William Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Chenopodium Berlandieri ◽  
Seed Identification ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Within the past 20 years, archaeobotanical research in the Eastern United States has documented an early agricultural complex before the dominance of the Mesoamerican domesticates (corn, beans, and squash) in late prehistoric and historic agricultural systems. This early agricultural complex consisted of domesticated plants such as Iva annua var.macrocarpa (Sumpweed or Marshelder), Hellanthus annuus (Sunflower) and Chenopodium berlandieri, (Goosefoot or Lasbsquarters), and heavily utilized plants such as Polygonum erectum (Erect Knotweed), Phalaris caroliniana (May grass), and Hordeum pusillum (Little Barley).Recent research involving the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) specifically on Chenopodium has established diagnostic traits of wild and domesticated species seeds. This is important because carbonized or uncarbonized seeds are the most commonly recovered Chenopodium material from archaeological sites. The diagnostic seed traits assist archaeobotanists in identification of Chenopodium remains and provide a basis for evaluation of Chenopodium utilization in a culture's subsistence patterns. With the aid of SEM, an analysis of Chenopodium remains from three Late Prehistoric sites in Northwest Iowa (Blood Run [Oneota culture], Brewster [Mill Creek culture], and Chan-Ya-Ta [Mill Creek culture]) has been conducted to: 1) attempt seed identification to a species level, 2) evaluate the traits of the seeds for classification as either wild or domesticated, and 3) evaluate the role of Chenopodium utilization in both the Oneota and Mill Creek cultures.

Issues and pitfalls in the use of p-values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Jacques Counotte ◽  
Shannon Axiak Flammer ◽  
Sonja Hartnack
Keyword(s):  
P Values

Researchers Underestimate the Variability of p Values Over Replication

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Cumming ◽  
Jerry Lai ◽  
Fiona Fidler
Keyword(s):  
P Values
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