Spatial learning and memory retention in the grey bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium griseum)

Zoology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Schluessel ◽  
Horst Bleckmann
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Bamboo Shark ◽  
Chiloscyllium Griseum

scholarly journals Modulation of Cognition: The Role of Gnidia glauca on Spatial Learning and Memory Retention in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wycliffe Makori Arika ◽  
Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti ◽  
Joan Murugi Njagi ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Obese Rats

Chronic exposures to high-fat diets are linked to neuropathological changes that culminate in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction and brain alteration. Learning, memory performance, and executive function are the main domains affected by an obesogenic diet. There are limited effective therapies for addressing cognitive deficits. Thus, it is important to identify additional and alternative therapies. In African traditional medicine, Gnidia glauca has putative efficacy in the management of obesity and associated complications. The use of Gnidia glauca is largely based on its long-term traditional use. Its therapeutic application has not been accompanied by sufficient scientific evaluation to validate its use. Therefore, the current study sought to explore the modulatory effects of dichloromethane leaf extracts of Gnidia glauca on cognitive function in the high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. Obesity was induced by feeding the rats with prepared HFD and water ad libitum for 6 weeks. The in vivo antiobesity effects were determined by oral administration of G. glauca at dosage levels of 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg body weight in HFD-induced obese rats from the 6th to the 12th weeks. The Lee obesity index was used as a diagnostic criterion of obesity. The Morris water maze was employed to test spatial learning and memory retention in rats. The results indicated that Gnidia glauca showed potent antiobesity effects as indicated in the reduction of body weight and obesity index in extract-treated rats. Moreover, Gnidia glauca exhibited cognitive-enhancing effects in obese rats. The positive influences on cognitive functions might be attributed to the extracts’ phytochemicals that have been suggested to confer protection against obesity-induced oxidative damage, reduction of central inflammation, and increased neurogenesis. The therapeutic effects observed suggest that Gnidia glauca might be an alternative to current medications for the symptomatic complications of obesity, such as learning and memory loss. Further studies are therefore needed to establish its toxicity profiles.

scholarly journals Herbal Extracts Combination (WNK) Prevents Decline in Spatial Learning and Memory in APP/PS1 Mice through Improvement of Hippocampal AβPlaque Formation, Histopathology, and Ultrastructure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-hong Cong ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Xiao-xia Dong ◽  
Li-song Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Probe Test

To investigate the cognitive enhancement effect of WNK, an extracts combination ofP. ginseng,  G. biloba, andC. sativusL. and possible mechanisms, 5-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used in this study. After 3 months of administration, all mice received Morris water maze (MWM) training and a probe test. Mouse brain sections were detected by immunohistochemistry, HE staining, and transmission electron microscopy. MWM results showed significant difference between transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermates (P<0.05,P<0.01). WNK-treated mice exhibited enhanced maze performance over the training progression, especially better spatial memory retention in probe test compared to transgenic mice (P<0.05,P<0.01) and better spatial learning and memory at the fourth day of MWM test compared to EGB761- (G. bilobaextract-) treated ones (P<0.05). Hippocampal Aβplaque burden significantly differed between APP/PS1 and littermate mice (P<0.001), while decreased Aβplaque appeared in WNK- or EGB761-treated transgenic brains (P<0.05). Neurodegenerative changes were evident from light microscopic and ultrastructural observations in transgenic brains, which were improved by WNK or EGB761 treatment. These data indicate WNK can reduce the decline in spatial cognition, which might be due to its effects on reducing Aβplaque formation and ameliorating histopathology and ultrastructure in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mouse brain.

scholarly journals GABAB receptor antagonist promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and facilitates cognitive function recovery following acute cerebral ischemia in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Song ◽  
Yaohua Chen ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Lili Chen ◽  
Oumei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Adult Mice

Abstract Purpose and background Previous studies have suggested that promoting endogenous neurogenesis has great significance for the recovery of cognitive dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia (CI). Pharmacological inhibition of GABAB receptor can enhance neurogenesis in adult healthy and depressed mice. In the study, we intended to investigate the effects of GABAB receptor antagonists on cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis in mice following CI. Methods Adult mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 20 min to induce CI and treated with CGP52432 (antagonist of GABAB receptor, CGP, 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection) starting 24 h after CI. The Morris water maze test was performed to test spatial learning and memory at day 28. Immunofluorescence was applied to detect neurogenesis in the DG region at day 14 and 28. In in vitro experiments, cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 and immunofluorescence, and the expression of cAMP/CREB signaling pathway-related proteins was detected by ELISA assay and Western blot. Results CGP significantly improved spatial learning and memory disorders caused by CI, and it enhanced the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), the number of immature neurons, and the differentiation from newborn cells to neurons. In vitro experiments further confirmed that CGP dose-dependently enhanced the cell viability of NSCs, and immunofluorescence staining showed that CGP promoted the proliferation of NSCs. In addition, treatment with CGP increased the expression of cAMP, PKA, and pCREB in cultured NSCs. Conclusion Inhibition of GABAB receptor can effectively promote hippocampal neurogenesis and improve spatial learning and memory in adult mice following CI.

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