Diet intervention methods to reduce fat intake: Nutrient and food group composition of self-selected low-fat diets

1990 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
I. Marilyn Buzzard ◽  
Elaine H. Asp ◽  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
Andrea P. Boyar ◽  
Robert W. Jeffery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Fat Diets

How are Consumers of Low-fat and High-fat Diets Perceived by those with Lower and Higher Fat Intake?

Appetite ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. BARKER ◽  
M. TANDY ◽  
J.D. STOOKEY
Keyword(s):  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Effects of a High-Fiber, Low-Fat Diet Intervention on Serum Concentrations of Reproductive Steroid Hormones in Women With a History of Breast Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2379-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Rock ◽  
Shirley W. Flatt ◽  
Cynthia A. Thomson ◽  
Marcia L. Stefanick ◽  
Vicky A. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

Purpose Diet intervention trials are testing whether postdiagnosis dietary modification can influence breast cancer recurrence and survival. One possible mechanism is an effect on reproductive steroid hormones. Participants and Methods Serum reproductive steroid hormones were measured at enrollment and 1 year in 291 women with a history of breast cancer who were enrolled onto a randomized, controlled diet intervention trial. Dietary goals for the intervention group were increased fiber, vegetable, and fruit intakes and reduced fat intake. Estradiol, bioavailable estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured. Results The intervention (but not the comparison) group reported a significantly lower intake of energy from fat (21% v 28%), and higher intake of fiber (29 g/d v 22 g/d), at 1-year follow-up (P < .001). Significant weight loss did not occur in either group. A significant difference in the change in bioavailable estradiol concentration from baseline to 1 year in the intervention (−13 pmol/L) versus the comparison (+3 pmol/L) group was observed (P < .05). Change in fiber (but not fat) intake was significantly and independently related to change in serum bioavailable estradiol (P < .01) and total estradiol (P < .05) concentrations. Conclusion Results from this study indicate that a high-fiber, low-fat diet intervention is associated with reduced serum bioavailable estradiol concentration in women diagnosed with breast cancer, the majority of whom did not exhibit weight loss. Increased fiber intake was independently related to the reduction in serum estradiol concentration.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary modification and hyperglycaemia on gastric emptying and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Morgan ◽  
J. A. T. Tredger ◽  
S. M. Hampton ◽  
A. P. French ◽  
J. C. F. Peake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Gastric Emptying Time ◽  
Plasma Motilin ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Emptying Time

1. Five healthy volunteers whose usual fat and energy intakes were moderately high (fat intake 155 (SE 11) g/d; energy intake 13683 (SE 909) kJ/d) were given on two separate occasions (a) 96 g fat and (b) 96 g fat and intravenous (IV) glucose (250 g glucose/1; 100 ml followed by a 2 ml/min infusion for 180 min).2. Subjects continued on a low-fat diet for 35 d (fat intake 25 (SE 4) g/d; energy intake 6976 (SE 539) kJ/d) and the tests repeated.3. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response to oral fat was significantly attenuated by IV glucose whilst subjects were consuming their normal diets and the GIP response to fat alone was significantly diminished during the low-fat diet. Post-prandial plasma triglycerides, light scattering indices (LSI; an index of post-prandial chylomicronaemia) and paracetamol levels paralleled the integrated GIP responses on both normal and low-fat diets.4. The study of oral fat with or without glucose was repeated on seven further volunteers consuming their usual diet, substituting 10 MBq 99Tcm-labelled tin colloid for the paracetamol to investigate the rate of gastric emptying by radionuclide imaging.5. Plasma GIP, insulin, triglyceride and LSI levels were similar to those found in the first study. IV glucose almost doubled the gastric emptying time of the oral fat load (half emptying time (t½) 148 (SE 11) min after fat alone and 224 (SE 18) min after fat and IV glucose). Post-prandial plasma motilin levels were significantly depressed by IV glucose.6. We conclude that (a) the GIP response to oral fat is attenuated both by IV glucose and by a low-fat diet, (b) the delay in gastric emptying induced by IV glucose may be partly responsible for the diminished GIP response to oral fat when IV glucose is infused, (c) it is possible that some of the changes observed with IV glucose are mediated via changes in motilin.

Intake and Food Sources of Dietary Fat Among Schoolchildren in The Woodlands, Texas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sue McPherson ◽  
Milton Z. Nichaman ◽  
Harold W. Kohl ◽  
Debra B. Reed ◽  
Darwin R. Labarthe
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Diets

To investigate the nutrient intake and food use patterns among schoolchildren, diet was assessed among 138 children and adolescents in grades 5 through 12 using three random, nonconsecutive, 1-day food records. Mean intake of total fat, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat as percent of calories was 35.6%, 13.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. Among all subjects, 17% consumed diets containing &lt;30% of calories from fat, 34% consumed3≥8% of calories from fat, 7% consumed &lt;10% of calories from saturated fatty acids, and &gt;97% ate &lt;300 mg of cholesterol per day. While intake of calories, sodium, and β-carotene per 1000 kcal was higher in subjects consuming higher fat diets, intake of other micronutrients was either higher among those eating low-fat diets or did not differ by level of fat intake. Differences were seen in the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol that individual food sources contributed to the diets of subjects eating high and low fat diets. These cross-sectional data show that a substantial proportion of children and adolescents in this population are consuming diets low in fat and cholesterol without systematic differences in intake of other nutrients, suggesting that current dietary guidelines regarding fat intake are attainable within the current food use pattern of healthy, school-aged children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Effects of macronutrient intake in obesity: a meta-analysis of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on markers of the metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk E M Willems ◽  
Martina Sura–de Jong ◽  
André P van Beek ◽  
Esther Nederhof ◽  
Gertjan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises cardiometabolic risk factors frequently found in individuals with obesity. Guidelines to prevent or reverse MetS suggest limiting fat intake, however, lowering carbohydrate intake has gained attention too. The aim for this review was to determine to what extent either weight loss, reduction in caloric intake, or changes in macronutrient intake contribute to improvement in markers of MetS in persons with obesity without cardiometabolic disease. A meta-analysis was performed across a spectrum of studies applying low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) diets. PubMed searches yielded 17 articles describing 12 separate intervention studies assessing changes in MetS markers of persons with obesity assigned to LC (&lt;40% energy from carbohydrates) or LF (&lt;30% energy from fat) diets. Both diets could lead to weight loss and improve markers of MetS. Meta-regression revealed that weight loss most efficaciously reduced fasting glucose levels independent of macronutrient intake at the end of the study. Actual carbohydrate intake and actual fat intake at the end of the study, but not the percent changes in intake of these macronutrients, improved diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglyceride levels, without an effect of weight loss. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance improved with both diets, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol only improved in the LC diet, both irrespective of aforementioned factors. Remarkably, changes in caloric intake did not play a primary role in altering MetS markers. Taken together, these data suggest that, beyond the general effects of the LC and LF diet categories to improve MetS markers, there are also specific roles for weight loss, LC and HF intake, but not reduced caloric intake, that improve markers of MetS irrespective of diet categorization. On the basis of the results from this meta-analysis, guidelines to prevent MetS may need to be re-evaluated.

Adherence to low-fat diets: fat intake during a self-monitoring period

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Atkins ◽  
Janice B. Depper ◽  
Kathleen M. Poore ◽  
Nora M. DiLaura ◽  
Zora Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for insulin-glucose dynamics

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractIn Western countries 25–35% of the population have insulin resistance syndrome characteristics.The defects most likely to explain the insulin resistance of the insulin resistance syndrome include: 1) the glucose transport system of skeletal muscle (GLUT-4) and its different signalling proteins and enzymes; 2) glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase; 3) glycogen synthase activity and 4) competition between glucose and fatty acid oxidation (glucose-fatty acid cycle).High carbohydrate/low fat diets deteriorate insulin sensitivity on the short term. Howewer, on the long term, high fat/low carbohydrate diets have a lower satiating power, induce low leptin levels and eventually lead to higher energy consumption, obesity and more insulin resistance. Moderately high-carbohydrate (45–55% of the daily calories)/low-fat diets seem to be a good choice with regard to the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors as far as the carbohydrates are rich in fibers.Long-term interventions with regular exercise programs show a 1/3 decrease in the appearance of overt diabetes in glucose intolerant subjects. Furthermore, diet and exercise interventions "normalise" the mortality rate of patients with impared glucose tolerance.Therefore, moderately high carbohydrate/low fat diets are most likely to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes. Triglycerides should be monitored and, in some cases, a part of the carbohydrates could be replaced by fat rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. However, total caloric intake is of utmost importance, as weight gain is the major determinant for the onset of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.Regular (when possible daily) exercise, decreases cardiovascular risk. With regard to insulin resistance, resistance training seems to offer some advantages over aerobic endurance activities.

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