Intake and Food Sources of Dietary Fat Among Schoolchildren in The Woodlands, Texas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sue McPherson ◽  
Milton Z. Nichaman ◽  
Harold W. Kohl ◽  
Debra B. Reed ◽  
Darwin R. Labarthe
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Diets

To investigate the nutrient intake and food use patterns among schoolchildren, diet was assessed among 138 children and adolescents in grades 5 through 12 using three random, nonconsecutive, 1-day food records. Mean intake of total fat, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat as percent of calories was 35.6%, 13.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. Among all subjects, 17% consumed diets containing <30% of calories from fat, 34% consumed3≥8% of calories from fat, 7% consumed <10% of calories from saturated fatty acids, and >97% ate <300 mg of cholesterol per day. While intake of calories, sodium, and β-carotene per 1000 kcal was higher in subjects consuming higher fat diets, intake of other micronutrients was either higher among those eating low-fat diets or did not differ by level of fat intake. Differences were seen in the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol that individual food sources contributed to the diets of subjects eating high and low fat diets. These cross-sectional data show that a substantial proportion of children and adolescents in this population are consuming diets low in fat and cholesterol without systematic differences in intake of other nutrients, suggesting that current dietary guidelines regarding fat intake are attainable within the current food use pattern of healthy, school-aged children and adolescents.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAT INTAKE AND PLASMA SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY WITH TELOMERE LENGTH OF MINANGKABAU ETHNICITY MEN, IN WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
AFRIWARDI AFRIWARDI ◽  
DELMI SULASTRI ◽  
YUNIAR LESTARI ◽  
DESMAWATI DESMAWATI ◽  
PRIMA MINERVA
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation between fat intake and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity with telomere length of Minangkabau ethnic men in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Padang City in 2016, using a sample of 107 Minangkabau ethnic men, aged between 40 and 50 years. The total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and blood sample analysis to measure telomere length and plasma SOD activity. Results: This research indicated that an average telomere length was 584.59±305.92 bp, fat intake consists of total fat was 27.01±6.68% calorie, SFA was 24,7510.07% calorie, MUFA was 10.24±5.41% calorie, and PUFA was 7.35±3.54% calorie. Average of plasma SOD activity was 5.85±3.41 u/mL. There were no correlations between fat intake (total fat, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA) with telomere length (p>0.05), but there was a significant positive correlation between plasma SOD enzyme activity with telomere length (r=−0.202, p=0.037). Conclusion: Fat intake within normal limits does not correlate with telomere length, and plasma SOD activity is a risk factor for telomere shortening in ethnic Minangkabau men.

Animal fats and human health

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 214-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Total Fat

In 1991 it was recommended that total fat intake in the UK should be reduced to a population average of less that 33% of total daily energy intake and that saturated fatty acids should contribute no more than 10% of total energy (Department of Health, 1991). A further recommendation was that the intake of trans fatty acids should not exceed 2% of total energy. These recommendations were made primarily on the basis of the influence of fatty acids on plasma cholesterol and thereby on the development of cardiovascular disease. While associations of fat intake with other chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity and diabetes have also been suggested, it was felt that there was insufficient evidence to make specific recommendations on the basis of such claims. A reduction in saturated fat intake has remained a central target of public health nutrition within the United Kingdom ever since. Despite concerted efforts, particularly throughout the 1990s., to achieve these targets little progress has been made. In 2000, total fat intake remained at 38% and saturated fatty acid intake at 15% (DEFRA, 2001).

scholarly journals Patterns of food and nutrient intakes in Italy and their application to the development of food-based dietary guidelines

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (S1) ◽  
pp. S83-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Turrini ◽  
Catherine Leclercq ◽  
Amleto D'Amicis
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
To Come ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Patterns of food and nutrient intakes in Italy were estimated starting from a nationwide food survey carried out by the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) in 1994–6, called INN-CA 1995. The present analysis looks at food and nutrient intakes of the subsample of the adults (18–60-year-old individuals). In particular, the two extreme quartiles of the distribution of total fat intake expressed as percentage of energy were considered in the analysis. The results showed that the subjects included in the fourth quartile (high-fat consumers) consumed fewer vegetables than the subjects in the first quartile (low-fat consumers). Furthermore, high-fat consumers had a tendency to have an unbalanced diet, whereas the low-fat consumers present a better pattern. In synthesis, 50% of the adults reach the goal of at least 400g of vegetables and fruit daily, and 25% consume less than 30 % of energy from total fats. Convincing that part of the population whose diet does not comply with dietary goals to come back to the Mediterranean tradition might be a priority for nutrition education in Italy.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAT INTAKE AND PLASMA SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY WITH TELOMERE LENGTH OF MINANGKABAU ETHNICITY MEN, IN WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afriwadi ◽  
Delmi Sulastri ◽  
Yuniar Lestari ◽  
Prima Minerva
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation between fat intake and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity with telomere length of Minangkabau ethnic men in West Sumatera, Indonesia.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Padang City in 2016, using a sample of 107 Minangkabau ethnic men, aged between 40 and 50 years. The total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and blood sample analysis to measure telomere length and plasma SOD activity.Results: This research indicated that an average telomere length was 584.59±305.92 bp, fat intake consists of total fat was 27.01±6.68% calorie, SFA was 24,7510.07% calorie, MUFA was 10.24±5.41% calorie, and PUFA was 7.35±3.54% calorie. Average of plasma SOD activity was 5.85±3.41 u/mL. There were no correlations between fat intake (total fat, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA) with telomere length (p>0.05), but there was a significant positive correlation between plasma SOD enzyme activity with telomere length (r=−0.202, p=0.037).Conclusion: Fat intake within normal limits does not correlate with telomere length, and plasma SOD activity is a risk factor for telomere shortening in ethnic Minangkabau men.

scholarly journals Food sources of nutrients among 13-year-old Portuguese adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1970-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Araújo ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
Elisabete Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Starchy Foods

AbstractObjectiveTo identify food sources of nutrients in adolescents’ diets and to identify differences in food sources according to individual characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional evaluation was carried out in the 2003/2004 school year. Self-administered questionnaires were used and a physical examination was performed. Diet was evaluated using an FFQ.SettingPublic and private schools in Porto, Portugal.SubjectsAdolescents aged 13 years (n 1522) enrolled at school.ResultsThe main sources of energy were starchy foods (26·5 %), dairy (12·5 %) and meat (12·0 %). The major contributors to carbohydrate intake were starchy foods (38·2 %) and fruit (13·8 %) and to protein intake were meat (28·0 %), dairy products (20·3 %), starchy foods (15·3 %) and seafood (13·6 %). The main sources of total fat were meat (22·0 %), starchy foods (13·4 %) and dairy products (12·7 %). Sweets and pastries presented important contributions to energy (11·1 %), carbohydrate (12·4 %), total fat (13·3 %) and saturated fat (16·6 %) intakes. Parental education was inversely associated with the contribution of sweets and pastries to energy, carbohydrate and fat intakes and it was positively associated with the seafood contribution to protein intake.ConclusionsThe major sources of carbohydrates were starchy foods, which also accounted for a quarter of energy intake. Dairy products plus meat accounted for another quarter of energy. Meat was a major source of protein and fats. Sweets and pastries contributed more than 10 % to energy, carbohydrates, total and saturated fat. Parental education was the strongest determinant of food sources and was positively associated with a healthier contribution of food groups.

scholarly journals Effects of reduced-fat diets with different fatty acid compositions on serum lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Aro ◽  
Pirjo Pietinen ◽  
Liisa M Valsta ◽  
Anu M Turpeinen ◽  
Christian Ehnholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractObjective:To compare the effects on serum lipoproteins of three isocaloric diets with reduced total fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents but with different proportions of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).Design:A low-fat diet (LF) provided 20 en% fat, 7.9% SFA, 7.8% MUFA, 3.0% PUFA; a high-PUFA diet (HP) 26 en% fat, 7.5% SFA, 8.2% MUFA, 8.1% PUFA; and a high-MUFA diet (HM) 26 en% fat, 7.3% SFA, 14.1% MUFA, 3.2% PUFA. Diets were consumed for 8 weeks in a parallel design, after 2 weeks on a habitual diet with 33–34 en% fat, 13–14% SFA, 12% MUFA, 6% PUFA, and followed by an 8-week period on habitual diet. Compliance to diet was monitored by repeated food records and weekly visits to a nutritionist.Subjects:45 free-living, middle-aged couples who were randomly allocated into the three diet groups; 43 men and 44 women completed the study.Results:During the diet periods, a small but significant reduction in body weight of 0.4–1.0kg was observed in all groups. Similar and significantreductions of mean weight-adjusted serum total cholesterol (4–8%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (7–11%), and high-densitylipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (8–11%) were observed during the diets. HDL2-cholesterol and apoprotein (apo) A-I levels were reduced whereas HDL3-cholesterol and apoA-II increased. ApoB was significantly decreased during the HM diet only. Serum triglycerides increased significantly during diets LF (25%, P< 0.01) and HP (19%, P< 0.05) but not during diet HM (5%, NS).Conclusions:Reduction in the intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids reduced serum LDL-cholesterol and HDL2-cholesterol concentrations irrespective of the relative proportions of MUFA and PUFA in the diets. The results suggest that there might be some advantage in increasing the proportion of MUFA in low-fat diets, since the HM diet rich in MUFA reduced apoB and slightly attenuated the increase in serum triglycerides that is commonly associated with dietary fat reduction.

scholarly journals Dietary Saturated Fats and Health: Are the U.S. Guidelines Evidence-Based?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3305
Author(s):  
Arne Astrup ◽  
Nina Teicholz ◽  
Faidon Magkos ◽  
Dennis M. Bier ◽  
J. Thomas Brenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

The last decade has seen nearly 20 papers reviewing the totality of the data on saturated fats and cardiovascular outcomes, which, altogether, have demonstrated a lack of rigorous evidence to support continued recommendations either to limit the consumption of saturated fatty acids or to replace them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. These papers were unfortunately not considered by the process leading to the most recent U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the country’s national nutrition policy, which recently reconfirmed its recommendation to limit saturated fats to 10% or less of total energy intake, based on insufficient and inconsistent evidence. Continuation of a cap on saturated fat intake also fails to consider the important effects of the food matrix and the overall dietary pattern in which saturated fatty acids are consumed.

scholarly journals Dietary guidelines and patterns of intake in Denmark

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (S1) ◽  
pp. S43-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jóhanna Haraldsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Frequency Survey ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Age Range ◽  
High Median

Food-based dietary guidelines in Denmark have usually been expressed in simple terms only and need to be elaborated. Quantitative recommendations on fruit and vegetable intake were issued in 1998, recommending 600 g/d (potatoes not included). This paper is based on a national dietary survey in 1995 (n = 3098, age range 1–80 years) supplemented with data from a simple frequency survey in 1995 (n = 1007, age range 15–80 years) and from the first national survey in 1985 (n = 2242, age range 15–80 years). Only data on adults are included in this paper. Fat intake, saturated fat in particular, is too high (median intake 37 %energy and 16 %energy, respectively). Main fat sources are separated fats (butter, margarine, oil, etc.: 40 %), meat (18 %), and dairy products (21 %). Total fat intake decreased from 1985 to 1995 but fatty acid composition did not improve. Dietary fibre intake is from 18 to 22 g/d (women and men, respectively) with 62 % from cereals, 24 % from vegetables and 12 % from fruit. Mean intake of vegetables and potatoes was from 200 to 250 g/d (women and men, respectively). Mean intake of fruit and vegetables (potatoes not included) was 277 g/d, or less than half of the new recommendation (600 g/d). Only 15 % of participants in the frequency survey reported consuming both fruit and vegetables every day, and only 28 % reported to do so almost every day. In conclusion, dietary intake in Denmark is characterized by a high intake of saturated fat and total fat, and by a relatively low intake of fruit and vegetables.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed Foods are the Major Sources of Total Fat, Saturated and Trans-fatty Acids Among Tunisian Preschool and School Children: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darine Dogui ◽  
Radhouene Doggui ◽  
Ayoub Aljawaldeh ◽  
Jalila El Ati ◽  
Myriam El Ati-Hellal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat

Excessive intake of fat and fatty acids is associated with major health hazards such as obesity or chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to provide the first data on total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA) intakes and their major food sources in Tunisian children. A total of 1200 children, aged 3 to 9 years old (yo), were randomly selected from primary schools and kindergarten under a cross-sectional design. The 24-hour recall method and food frequency questionnaire were used to assess dietary intake. The energy percentages of total fat, SFA and TFA in Tunisian children were respectively 29.6, 11.4 and 0.15. No sex differences were found. The WHO recommendations for total fat, SFA and TFA were adopted by 58 %, 39 % and 89 % of the study population, respectively. The leading food groups of fat and fatty acids were ultra-processed foods, breakfast cereals and dairy products. The meat, fish, eggs and fish alternatives were the fifth main contributors to the total fat and SFA intakes in Tunisian children. The implementation of a relevant strategy for fat reduction, especially from ultra-processed foods, considered as low nutrient energy-dense products, is needed to promote health among children and prevent diet-related chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Snacking patterns among Chilean children and adolescents: is there potential for improvement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 2803-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L Jensen ◽  
Camila Corvalán ◽  
Marcela Reyes ◽  
Barry M Popkin ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

AbstractObjective:To examine snacking patterns, food sources and nutrient profiles of snacks in low- and middle-income Chilean children and adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional. Dietary data were collected via 24 h food recalls. We determined the proportion of snackers, snacks per day and energy from top food and beverage groups consumed. We compared the nutrient profile (energy, sodium, total sugars and saturated fat) of snacks v. meals.Setting:South-east region of Chile.Participants:Children and adolescents from two cohorts: the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n 958, 4–6 years old) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n 752, 12–14 years old).Results:With a mean of 2·30 (se 0·03) snacks consumed daily, 95·2 % of children and 89·9 % of adolescents reported at least one snacking event. Snacks contributed on average 1506 kJ/d (360 kcal/d) in snacking children and 2218 kJ/d (530 kcal/d) in snacking adolescents (29·0 and 27·4 % daily energy contribution, respectively). Grain-based desserts, salty snacks, other sweets and desserts, dairy foods and cereal-based foods contributed the most energy from snacks in the overall sample. For meals, cereal-based foods, dairy beverages, meat and meat substitutes, oils and fats, and fruits and vegetables were the top energy contributors.Conclusions:Widespread snacking among Chilean youth provides over a quarter of their daily energy and includes foods generally considered high in energy, saturated fat, sodium and/or total sugars. Future research should explore whether snacking behaviours change as the result of Chile’s national regulations on food marketing, labelling and school environments.

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