The impact of different flavonoid classes on colonic CI− secretion in rats11Abbreviations: Gt tissue conductance; and Isc short-circuit current.

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Cermak ◽  
Zoran Vujicic ◽  
Erwin Scharrer ◽  
Siegfried Wolfram
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
The Impact

Research of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm Collection System Short Circuit Equivalent Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1732-1737
Author(s):  
Liu Bin ◽  
Hong Wei Cui ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Zhu Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the characteristics of large-scale offshore wind farm collection network and the impact of the medium voltage collection system optimization,while from the electrical technology point,it proposes the short circuit current of the collection network computational model and algorithms,based on the principle of equivalent circuit.Taking a wind power coolection system planned for a certain offshore wind farm planning for example, the validity of the model and algorithm is verified.

Analytical and Experimental Studies on Induced Current Switching by a Fault-Proof Gas Insulated Earthing Switch

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandava Mohana Rao ◽  
Moutusi Paul ◽  
H.S. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Current Switching ◽  
Test Circuit ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
Gas Insulated Substation ◽  
The Impact

Fault-proof earthing switches are one of the important modules of a gas insulated substation, as it enables make at 100 percent short circuit current, which is functionally different from maintenance earthing switches. The fault-proof earthing switch shall be designed to make and break electro-magnetically and electro-statically induced currents as per IEC-62271-102. The paper discusses the impact of “test circuit configurations and voltage” on test parameters for gas insulated fault-proof earthing switch utilizing simulation with PSCAD software. Authors record the development of a 145 kV gas insulated fault proof earthing switch by considering novel design features like minimum arcing/pre-arcing time, effective current transfer from arcing contact to ground terminal, etc. The development has been evaluated successfully for electro-magnetically and electro-statically induced current duties as per IEC. Finally, design parameters to be considered for ensuring reliable performance during induced current switching from fault-proof earthing switches are also discussed.

Effect of luminal acidity on the apical cation channel in rabbit esophageal epithelium

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. G796-G805 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Tobey ◽  
C. M. Argote ◽  
M. S. Awayda ◽  
X. C. Vanegas ◽  
R. C. Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Cation Channel ◽  
Esophageal Epithelium ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Luminal Ph ◽  
The Impact

Esophageal epithelial cells contain an apical cation channel that actively absorbs sodium ions (Na+). Since these channels are exposed in vivo to acid reflux, we sought the impact of high acidity on Na+channel function in Ussing-chambered rabbit epithelium. Serosal nystatin abolished short-circuit current ( Isc) and luminal pH titrated from pH 7.0 to pH ≥ 2.0 had no effect on Isc. Circuit analysis at pH 2.0 showed small, but significant, increases in apical and shunt resistances. At pH < 2.0, Iscincreased whereas resistance ( RT) decreased along with an increase in fluorescein flux. The change in Isc, but not RT, was reversible at pH 7.4. Reducing pH from 7.0 to 1.1 with H2SO4gave a similar pattern but higher Iscvalues, suggesting shunt permselectivity. A 10:1 Na+gradient after nystatin increased Iscby ∼4 μAmps/cm2and this declined at pH ≤ 3.5 until it reached ∼0.0 at pH 2.0. Impedance analysis on acid-exposed (non-nystatin treated) tissues showed compensatory changes in apical (increase) and basolateral (decrease) resistance at modest luminal acidity that were poorly reversible at pH 2.0 and associated with declines in capacitance, a reflection of lower apical membrane area. In esophageal epithelium apical cation channels transport Na+at gradients as low as 10:1 but do not transport H+at gradients of 100,000:1 (luminal pH 2.0). Luminal acid also inhibits Na+transport via the channels and abolishes it at pH 2.0. These effects on the channel may serve as a protective function for esophageal epithelium exposed to acid reflux.

The Impact of Synchronous Distributed Generation (DG) on Distribution System

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasmaini Mohamad ◽  
Shahrani Shahbudin ◽  
Nofri Yenita Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Interconnection of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution system presents many potential benefits as well as drawbacks. The impacts of DG might vary with the types of generator. This paper presents a study on the impacts of synchronous DG's interconnection in distribution system. Steady state analysis is carried out to analyze the impact of DG on voltage profile and short circuit current considering before and after DG interconnection. Dynamic analysis is also performed for investigating the performance of DG when a part of distribution system is being islanded. Results show that the penetration of DG contributes to the changes of power flow in the system, hence give impacts to the overall system performance.

scholarly journals Fault Assessment and Mitigation of the 132kV Transmission Line in Nigeria using Improved Resonant Fault Current Limiting (RFCL) Protection Scheme

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
D. C. Idoniboyeobu ◽  
S. L. Braide ◽  
Wigwe Elsie Chioma
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Current Limiting ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

This research work proposed an improved Resonant Fault Current Limiting (RFCL) protection scheme to reduce the impact of three-phase short-circuit faults in a power system sub-transmission network. The model used an interpolator-extrapolator technique based on a Resonant Fault Current Limiter (RFCL) for automating the procedure of predicting the required reactor value that must be in resonant circuit to limit the short-circuit current values to permissible values. Using the developed model, short-circuit fault simulations on the three phases of the transmission line (Phase A-C) were performed in the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. Simulation results were obtained by varying the resonant inductance (reactor) parameter of the RFCL circuit for each of the phases to obtain permissible short-circuit current levels and the values used to program a functional interpolator-extrapolator in MATLAB; the resonant values were typically set to values of inductance equal to 0.001H, 0.01H and from 0.1H to 0.5H in steps of 0.1H. Simulation results revealed the presence of very high short-circuit current levels at low values of the resonant inductor. From the results of simulations, there are indications that the RFCL approach is indeed very vital in the reduction of the short circuit current values during the fault and can safeguard the circuit breaker mechanism in the examined power system sub-transmission system. In addition, lower fault clearing times can be obtained at higher values of inductances; however, the clearance times start to converge at inductance values of 0.1H and above.

Antireflection coatings for solar panel power output enhancement

2015 ◽  
Vol 1771 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Gopal G. Pethuraja ◽  
Roger E. Welser ◽  
John W. Zeller ◽  
Yash R. Puri ◽  
Ashok K. Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Antireflection Coatings ◽  
Broadband Antireflection ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ar Coating

ABSTRACTThe impact of nanostructured broadband antireflection (AR) coatings on solar panel performance has been projected for a broad range of panel tilt angles at various locations. AR coated films have been integrated on test panels and the short-circuit current has been measured for the entire range of panel tilts. The integration of the AR coatings resulted in an increase in short-circuit current of the panels by eliminating front sheet reflection loss for a broad spectrum of light and wide angle of light incidence. The short-circuit current enhancement is 5% for normal light incidence and approximately 20% for off-angle light incidence. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) System Advisor Model (SAM) predicts that this AR coating can yield at least 6.5% improvement in solar panel annual power output. The greatest enhancement, approximately 14%, is predicted for vertical panels. The AR coating’s contributions to vertical mount panels and building-integrated solar panels are significant. This nanostructured broadband AR coating thus has the potential to lower the cost per watt of photovoltaic solar energy.

scholarly journals Investigation of the energy efficiency of horizontally mounted solar module soiled with CaCo3

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Radonjic ◽  
Tomislav Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
The Impact

Soiling is a term used to describe the deposition of dust (dirt) on solar modules, which reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the solar cells. Deposition of dust on solar modules can make the operation of the entire PV system - more difficult and, therefore, lead to the generation of less electric energy. Soiling of solar modules also influences solar modules parameters (short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum power, fill factor and efficiency). This paper presents the results of the investigation on the impact different quantities of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposition have on the energy efficiency of horizontally mounted solar modules. The short-circuit current, power and efficiency decrease with increasing the mass of CaCO3 deposited on the horizontally mounted solar module. The open-circuit voltage and fill factor very slightly increase with increasing the mass of CaCO3 deposited on the horizontally mounted solar module. Upon soiling with 1 g of calcium carbonate, the solar module efficiency decreased by 4.6% in relation to the clean solar module, upon soiling with 2 g of calcium carbonate it decreased by 6.0%, and upon soiling with 3 g of calcium carbonate it decreased by 12.9% in relation to the clean solar module. It can be concluded that the power and energy efficiency of the solar module decrease due to the increased amount of calcium carbonate.

scholarly journals Effect of the Properties of Chalcopyrite Semiconductors on the Physical and Optical Parameters of Cell Layers with CIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Merwan Rachedi ◽  
Abdelkrim Merad ◽  
Giulio Lorenzini ◽  
Hijaz Ahmad ◽  
Younes Menni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cigs Solar Cell ◽  
Chalcopyrite Semiconductors ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the impact of various buffers of applying components on the effectiveness of CuInGaSe2 solar cells is studied numerically. The SCAPS software is employed to achieve the investigation. The main parameters of the inspected devices are: the photovoltaic conversion effectiveness (η), the filling factor (FF), short-circuit current (Jsc), and open circuit voltage (Voc). These photovoltaic parameters are analyzed vs. the thickness in the various buffer layers under study. The numerical findings revealed that the most significant conversion effectiveness (23.4%) of the CIGS solar cell is obtained with the CdS buffer layer. An attempt is conducted to improve this efficiency by using the SCAPS and by optimizing the two electrical and technological parameters of the three layers (ZnO, CdS, CIGS).

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