scholarly journals Mapping the Growth of Fungal Hyphae: Orthogonal Cell Wall Expansion during Tip Growth and the Role of Turgor

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 2382-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
Gerhard Gierz ◽  
Rosamaría López-Franco ◽  
Haisheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Cell Wall Expansion

scholarly journals Self-regulation in tip-growth: The role of cell wall ageing

2011 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Eggen ◽  
M. Niels de Keijzer ◽  
Bela M. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Self Regulation

scholarly journals Morphogenesis in Micrasterias

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
T. C. Lacalli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Laser Microbeam ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Per Se

Observations on lobe growth in the lateral wings of the developing primary cell wall in the desmid Micrasterias rotata are reported and discussed. Patterns of incorporation of methyl-[3H]methionine and C-1-[3H] glucose into the primary wall as revealed in autoradiograms indicate that formation of the new wall is concentrated at the tips of lobes. Patterns follow the predictions of Robertson's model for tip growth in fungal hyphae; thus they link growth in M. rotata lobes with mechanisms of cell elongation found in other cells. Damage done to selected regions of the cell surface with a laser microbeam demonstrates that only certain regions are required for continued growth and morphogenesis while much of the surface plays only a passive role. In growth stages at which lobes are already well defined (stage 4 and later) continued growth of each lobe requires the participation of an area no more than 4–5 µm in diameter, here termed a singularity, at its tip. At early stages (prior to stage 3) singularities per se cannot be demonstrated. At these stages the capacity to initiate lobes and hence to form singularities is not fixed at specific points, but is distributed over an area of the surface no less than 10 µm in diameter. Singularities, by their persistence and repeated duplication, are directly responsible for the spatial form of the two lateral wings.

scholarly journals The Role of Auxin in Cell Wall Expansion

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Majda ◽  
Stéphanie Robert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Expansion

Role of bacterial cell wall proteinase in antihypertension

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Flambard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cell Wall

Potent Chitin Synthase Inhibitors from Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Amrutha Vijayakumar ◽  
Ajith Madhavan ◽  
Chinchu Bose ◽  
Pandurangan Nanjan ◽  
Sindhu S. Kokkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Chitin Synthase ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Hyphal Tip Growth ◽  
Hyphal Tip

Background: Chitin is the main component of fungal, protozoan and helminth cell wall. They help to maintain the structural and functional characteristics of these organisms. The chitin wall is dynamic and is repaired, rearranged and synthesized as the cells develop. Active synthesis can be noticed during cytokinesis, laying of primary septum, maintenance of lateral cell wall integrity and hyphal tip growth. Chitin synthesis involves coordinated action of two enzymes namely, chitin synthase (that lays new cell wall) and chitinase (that removes the older ones). Since chitin synthase is conserved in different eukaryotic microorganisms that can be a ‘soft target’ for inhibition with small molecules. When chitin synthase is inhibited, it leads to the loss of viability of cells owing to the self- disruption of the cell wall by existing chitinase. Methods: In the described study, small molecules from plant sources were screened for their ability to interfere with hyphal tip growth, by employing Hyphal Tip Burst assay (HTB). Aspergillus niger was used as the model organism. The specific role of these small molecules in interfering with chitin synthesis was established with an in-vitro method. The enzyme required was isolated from Aspergillus niger and its activity was deduced through a novel method involving non-radioactively labelled substrate. The activity of the potential lead molecules were also checked against Candida albicans and Caenorhabditis elegans. The latter was adopted as a surrogate for the pathogenic helminths as it shares similarity with regard to cell wall structure and biochemistry. Moreover, it is widely studied and the methodologies are well established. Results: Out of the 11 compounds and extracts screened, 8 were found to be prospective. They were also found to be effective against Candida albicans and Caenorhabditis elegans. Conclusion: Purified Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) Fraction1 (F1) of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Extract (COSE) was found to be more effective against Candida albicans with an IC50 value of 3.04 μg/mL and on L4 stage of Caenorhabditis elegans with an IC50 of 77.8 μg/mL.

scholarly journals An R2R3-type myeloblastosis transcription factor MYB103 is involved in phosphorus remobilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangwei Yu ◽  
Shenyun Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract The members of myeloblastosis transcription factor (MYB TF) family are involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of MYB TF in phosphorus remobilization remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we show that an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor, MYB103, is involved in phosphorus (P) remobilization. MYB103 was remarkably induced by P deficiency in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). As cabbage lacks the proper mutant for elucidating the mechanism of MYB103 in P deficiency, another member of the crucifer family, Arabidopsis thaliana was chosen for further study. The transcript of its homologue AtMYB103 was also elevated in response to P deficiency in A. thaliana, while disruption of AtMYB103 (myb103) exhibited increased sensitivity to P deficiency, accompanied with decreased tissue biomass and soluble P concentration. Furthermore, AtMYB103 was involved in the P reutilization from cell wall, as less P was released from the cell wall in myb103 than in wildtype, coinciding with the reduction of ethylene production. Taken together, our results uncover an important role of MYB103 in the P remobilization, presumably through ethylene signaling.

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