A theoretical analysis of the effects of sonication on differential absorption flattening in suspensions of membrane sheets

The splitting effect that is observed in microdiffraction pat-terns of small metallic particles in the size range 50-500 Å can be understood using the dynamical theory of electron diffraction for the case of a crystal containing a finite wedge. For the experimental data we refer to part I of this work in these proceedings.

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X-Ray absorption edge elemental imaging of B. thuringienis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100153038 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 212-213

Author(s):

R. L. Stears

Keyword(s):

Absorption Edge ◽

Elemental Distribution ◽

X Rays ◽

Differential Absorption ◽

Synchrotron Source ◽

High Brightness ◽

X Ray ◽

Elemental Imaging ◽

Cellular Integrity ◽

X Ray Absorption

Because of the nature of the bacterial endospore, little work has been done on analyzing their elemental distribution and composition in the intact, living, hydrated state. The majority of the qualitative analysis entailed intensive disruption and processing of the endospores, which effects their cellular integrity and composition.Absorption edge imaging permits elemental analysis of hydrated, unstained specimens at high resolution. By taking advantage of differential absorption of x-ray photons in regions of varying elemental composition, and using a high brightness, tuneable synchrotron source to obtain monochromatic x-rays, contact x-ray micrographs can be made of unfixed, intact endospores that reveal sites of elemental localization. This study presents new data demonstrating the application of x-ray absorption edge imaging to produce elemental information about nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) localization using Bacillus thuringiensis as the test specimen.

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Theoretical analysis of a monopole antenna with conducting flat disk above the earth

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I Communications) ◽

10.1002/ecja.1021.abs ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Aki Yuasa ◽

Daisuke Itatsu ◽

Naoki Inagaki ◽

Nobuyoshi Kikuma

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Monopole Antenna ◽

The Earth ◽

Flat Disk

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Context Aversion, Pavlovian Conditioning, and the Psychological Side Effects of Chemotherapy

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.2.118 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 118-124

Author(s):

Geoffrey Hall

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Side Effects ◽

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Conditioned Response ◽

Behavioral Strategies ◽

Contextual Cues ◽

Anticipatory Nausea ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Anticipatory Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Parallel Case

Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals suggests possible behavioral strategies that might be used in the alleviation of ANV, and we report a preliminary experimental test of one of these.

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