The study of spatial memory in adult male rats with injection of testosterone enanthate and flutamide into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in Morris water maze

Background and Aim: Alzheimerchr('39')s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disease that gradually destroys memory and cognitive skills. The disease is caused by the formation of beta-amyloid plaques, oxidative stress, dysfunctions in the cholinergic system, neuronal killing inflammation, and ultimately brain atrophy. Donepezil and hyoscyamoside have inhibitory effects on these pathogens; therefore, their impact on the learning process of Alzheimer’s rats in the Morris Water Maze was investigated. Methods & Materials: In the present experimental study, 60 male rats of Wistar breed with approximately 7 weeks age within the control group (rats that received normal water and food), the PBS group (underwent surgery), PBS group (received solvent Aβ), the first Alzheimer›s group (animals that received beta-amyloid by Alzheimer’s surgery, second Alzheimer’s group (after Alzheimer’s surgery, they received 1 cc of normal saline daily, and treatment groups that treated the rats with beta-amyloid after Alzheimer. In the hyoscyamoside group, they received 10 mg/kg daily of hyoscyamoside for 28 days. The donepezil group received it 4 mg/kg daily for 28 days by gavage. The Morris Water Maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory. Data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical analysis and Post Hoc test. Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee in Biomedical Research, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch approved the research (Code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC 1397.057) Results: Beta-amyloid injection caused extensive damage to memory. The treatment groups with hyoscyamoside and donepezil spent less time and distance with a significant level (P<0.001) than the group of Alzheimer’s patients to find the hidden platform. In the reminder phase, where the previously hidden platform was located, they spent more time, with a significant level (P<0.001) in the local quarter. Conclusion: Treatment of rats with hyoscyamoside and donepezil improved spatial memory in Alzheimer’s rats. They appear to play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Cognitive functions and drug sensitivity in adult male rats prenatally exposed to methamphetamine

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931562 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 741-750

Author(s):

B Schutová ◽

L Hrubá ◽

M Pometlová ◽

K Deykun ◽

R Šlamberová

Keyword(s):

Morris Water Maze ◽

Adult Male ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Water Maze ◽

Memory Test ◽

Male Rats ◽

Prenatally Exposed ◽

Place Navigation ◽

Probe Test ◽

Navigation Test

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure and application of the same drug in adulthood on cognitive functions of adult male rats tested in Morris water maze (MWM). Adult male rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg), saline or no injection were examined. Half of the animals were injected daily with MA (1 mg/kg) after finishing the testing. Three types of tests were used: (1) “Place navigation test” (Learning), (2) “Probe test” and (3) “Retention memory test” (Memory). Our results showed that prenatal MA exposure did not affect the test of learning and the Probe test. In the test of memory prenatally MA-exposed rats showed smaller search errors and used spatial strategies more than both control groups. Further, MA application in adulthood prolonged trajectories, increased the incidence of random search and decreased the incidence of direct swim in the Place navigation test. In addition, MA administration in adulthood increased the speed of swimming regardless of prenatal exposure. The present study thus demonstrates that 1) Prenatal MA exposure does not affect learning in the MWM, 2) Prenatal MA exposure improves performance in the Retention memory test in the MWM, and 3) MA application in adulthood impairs learning in the Morris water maze.

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Beneficial effect of retigabine on memory in rats receiving ethanol

Pharmacological Reports ◽

10.1007/s43440-020-00205-z ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Zwierzyńska ◽

Agata Krupa-Burtnik ◽

Bogusława Pietrzak

Keyword(s):

Beneficial Effect ◽

Fear Conditioning ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Male Rats ◽

Ethanol Administration ◽

Free Access ◽

Oral Gavage ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Retigabine belongs to the novel generation of antiepileptic drugs but its complex mechanism of action causes that the drug might be effective in other diseases, for instance, alcohol dependence. It is known that ethanol abuse impaired the function of brain structures associated with memory and learning such as the hippocampus. In our previous study, retigabine reduced hippocampal changes induced by ethanol in the EEG rhythms in rabbits. This study is focused on the impact of retigabine on memory processes in male rats receiving alcohol. Methods Memory was evaluated in various experimental models: Morris water maze, Contextual, and Cued Fear Conditioning tests. Retigabine was administered for 3 weeks directly to the stomach via oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Rats received also 20% ethanol (5 g/kg/day in two doses) via oral gavage for 3 weeks and had free access to 5% ethanol in the afternoon and at night. Morris water maze was performed after 1 and 3 weeks of ethanol administration and after 1 week from the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning tests were carried out after 24 h and 72 h of alcohol discontinuation. Results The drug significantly decreased ethanol-induced memory disturbances during alcohol administration as well as slightly improved learning processes after the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Conclusions This beneficial effect of retigabine-ethanol interaction on memory may be a relevant element of the drug’s impact on the development of addiction.

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Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2021-0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Mahmoud Hashemzaei ◽

Najmeh Baratzadeh ◽

Iraj Sharamian ◽

Sahar Fanoudi ◽

Mehdi Sanati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Water Maze ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Learning Deficits ◽

Learning Impairments ◽

Morris Water Maze Task

Abstract Objectives H-89 (a protein kinase AII [PKA II] inhibitor) impairs the spatial memory in the Morris water maze task in rats. In the present study, we aimed to study the protective effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine against H-89-induced spatial memory deficits. Methods Spatial memory impairment was induced by the bilateral intrahippocampal administration of 10 µM H-89 (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) to rats. The rats then received bilateral administrations of either nicotine (1 μg/μL, dissolved in saline) or O-acetyl-L-carnitine (100 μM/side, dissolved in deionized water) alone and in combination. Control groups received either saline, deionized water, or DMSO. Results The H-89-treated animals showed significant increases in the time and distance travelled to find hidden platforms, and there was also a significant decrease in the time spent in the target quadrant compared to DMSO-treated animals. Nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine had no significant effects on H-89-induced spatial learning impairments alone, but the bilateral intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevented H-89-induced spatial learning deficits and increased the time spent in the target quadrant in comparison with H-89-treated animals. Conclusions Our results indicated the potential synergistic effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine in preventing protein kinase AII inhibitor (H-89)-induced spatial learning impairments.

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The timing of maternal separation affects morris water maze performance and long-term potentiation in male rats

Developmental Psychobiology ◽

10.1002/dev.21130 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 1102-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Xiujing Cao ◽

Shenghai Huang ◽

Jiejie Cao ◽

Tingting Chen ◽

Ping Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Maternal Separation ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Maze Performance ◽

Term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation is independent of the C-tail of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.58042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Javier Díaz-Alonso ◽

Wade Morishita ◽

Salvatore Incontro ◽

Jeffrey Simms ◽

Julia Holtzman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Ampa Receptor ◽

Water Maze ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Receptor Subunit ◽

Terminal Domain ◽

Term Potentiation ◽

Ampa Receptor Subunit

We tested the proposal that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the AMPAR subunit GluA1 is required for LTP. We found that a knock-in mouse lacking the CTD of GluA1 expresses normal LTP and spatial memory, assayed by the Morris water maze. Our results support a model in which LTP generates synaptic slots, which capture passively diffusing AMPARs.

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