Tu1981 Modification of Salmonella Thyphimurium Propagation in the Intestinal Tract by the Probiotic Yeast Strain Saccharomyces Boulardii: Use of Real-Time Bioluminescence Imaging to Monitor Infection

Background: Yeasts play diverse roles in human life. Since ancient times, these micro organisms have been used to produce food products and beverages including bread and beer. Nowadays, the biotechnological products of yeast are some of the main components of commercial products. Objective: Some species of yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii are recognized as probiotic yeast with extensive applications in the food and drug industries. However, certain species like Kluyveromyces marxianus are still not recognized as probiotic micro organisms despite their widespread industrial usage. In this study, the application of K. marxianus in preparing food and the medicinal product was reviewed in terms of its beneficial or harmful effects. Methods: Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched by using “Probiotics”, “Yeast”, and “Kluyveromyces marxianus”. Results: The findings suggest that K. marxianus can be recognized as a probiotic yeast species. Conclusion: It can be concluded that K. marxianus may be considered as a probiotic micro organism with a variety of commercial and medical applications.

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Multi-Modal Multi-Spectral Intravital Microscopic Imaging of Signaling Dynamics in Real-Time during Tumor–Immune Interactions

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 499

Author(s):

Tracy W. Liu ◽

Seth T. Gammon ◽

David Piwnica-Worms

Keyword(s):

Molecular Imaging ◽

Single Cell ◽

Real Time ◽

Bioluminescence Imaging ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

Microscopic Imaging ◽

Signaling Dynamics ◽

Window Chamber

Intravital microscopic imaging (IVM) allows for the study of interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in a dynamic, physiologically relevant system in vivo. Current IVM strategies primarily use fluorescence imaging; however, with the advances in bioluminescence imaging and the development of new bioluminescent reporters with expanded emission spectra, the applications for bioluminescence are extending to single cell imaging. Herein, we describe a molecular imaging window chamber platform that uniquely combines both bioluminescent and fluorescent genetically encoded reporters, as well as exogenous reporters, providing a powerful multi-plex strategy to study molecular and cellular processes in real-time in intact living systems at single cell resolution all in one system. We demonstrate that our molecular imaging window chamber platform is capable of imaging signaling dynamics in real-time at cellular resolution during tumor progression. Importantly, we expand the utility of IVM by modifying an off-the-shelf commercial system with the addition of bioluminescence imaging achieved by the addition of a CCD camera and demonstrate high quality imaging within the reaches of any biology laboratory.

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In Vitro Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) Activity Screening of Different Probiotic Microorganisms

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 674

Author(s):

Jimmy G. Hernández-Gómez ◽

Argelia López-Bonilla ◽

Gabriela Trejo-Tapia ◽

Sandra V. Ávila-Reyes ◽

Antonio R. Jiménez-Aparicio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Salt ◽

High Performance ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽

Sodium Glycocholate ◽

Probiotic Yeast ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Bsh Activity

Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in probiotic strains is usually correlated with the ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. The objective of this study was the evaluation of BSH in five probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and a probiotic yeast. The activity was assessed using a qualitative direct plate test and a quantitative high-performance thin- layer chromatography assay. The six strains differed in their BSH substrate preference and activity. Lactobacillus plantarum DGIA1, a potentially probiotic strain isolated from a double cream cheese from Chiapas, Mexico, showed excellent deconjugation activities in the four tested bile acids (69, 100, 81, and 92% for sodium glycocholate, glycodeoxycholate, taurocholate, and taurodeoxycholate, respectively). In the case of the commercial probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, the deconjugation activities were good against sodium glycodeoxycholate, taurocholate, and taurodeoxycholate (100, 57, and 63%, respectively). These last two results are part of the novelty of the work. A weak deconjugative activity (5%) was observed in the case of sodium glycocholate. This is the first time that the BSH activity has been detected in this yeast.

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In Vitro Probitotic Evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii with Antimicrobial Spectrum in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1428

Author(s):

Ramachandran Chelliah ◽

Eun-Ji Kim ◽

Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽

Usha Antony ◽

Deog-Hwan Oh

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Enzyme ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽

Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Probiotic Yeast ◽

Probiotic Strains

In the present study, we screened for potential probiotic yeast that could survive under extreme frozen conditions. The antimicrobial and heat-stable properties of the isolated yeast strains Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) (KT000032, KT000033, KT000034, KT000035, KT000036, and KT000037) was analyzed and compared with commercial probiotic strains. The results revealed that the tested S. boulardii KT000032 strain showed higher resistance to gastric enzymes (bile salts, pepsin, and pancreatic enzyme) at low pH, with broad antibiotic resistance. In addition, the strain also showed efficient auto-aggregation and co-aggregation abilities and efficient hydrophobicity in the in-vitro and in-vivo C. elegens gut model. Further, the KT000032 strain showed higher antimicrobial efficiency against 13 different enteropathogens and exhibited commensal relationships with five commercial probiotic strains. Besides, the bioactive compounds produced in the cell-free supernatant of probiotic yeast showed thermo-tolerance (95 °C for two hours). Furthermore, the thermo-stable property of the strains will facilitate their incorporation into ready-to-eat food products under extreme food processing conditions.

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Real-Time Bioluminescence Imaging of Viral Pathogenesis

Bioluminescence - Methods in Molecular Biology ◽

10.1007/978-1-60327-321-3_11 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 125-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kathryn E. Luker ◽

Gary D. Luker

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Bioluminescence Imaging ◽

Viral Pathogenesis

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Real-time in vivo bioluminescence imaging of drug-induced oxidative stress

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1835 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. S234

Author(s):

S. Seyed Forootan ◽

F. Mutter ◽

J. Clarke ◽

A. Kipar ◽

K. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Real Time ◽

Bioluminescence Imaging ◽

Drug Induced ◽

In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging

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In vivo bioluminescence imaging of the spatial and temporal colonization of lactobacillus plantarum 423 and enterococcus mundtii ST4SA in the intestinal tract of mice

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-018-1315-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Winschau F. Van Zyl ◽

Shelly M. Deane ◽

Leon M. T. Dicks

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Bioluminescence Imaging ◽

Enterococcus Mundtii ◽

In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging

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Necrotrophic Growth of Legionella pneumophila

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00070-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 4323-4328 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

R. Temmerman ◽

H. Vervaeren ◽

B. Noseda ◽

N. Boon ◽

W. Verstraete

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Real Time ◽

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Water Systems ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Average Growth ◽

Microbial Cells

ABSTRACT This study examined whether Legionella pneumophila is able to thrive on heat-killed microbial cells (necrotrophy) present in biofilms or heat-treated water systems. Quantification by means of plate counting, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry demonstrated necrotrophic growth of L. pneumophila in water after 96 h, when at least 100 dead cells are available to one L. pneumophila cell. Compared to the starting concentration of L. pneumophila, the maximum observed necrotrophic growth was 1.89 log units for real-time PCR and 1.49 log units for plate counting. The average growth was 1.57 ï¿½ 0.32 log units (n = 5) for real-time PCR and 1.14 ï¿½ 0.35 log units (n = 5) for plate counting. Viability staining and flow cytometry showed that the fraction of living cells in the L. pneumophila population rose from the initial 54% to 82% after 96 h. Growth was measured on heat-killed Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Saccharomyces boulardii, and a biofilm sample. Gram-positive organisms did not result in significant growth of L. pneumophila, probably due to their robust cell wall structure. Although necrotrophy showed lower growth yields compared to replication within protozoan hosts, these findings indicate that it may be of major importance in the environmental persistence of L. pneumophila. Techniques aimed at the elimination of protozoa or biofilm from water systems will not necessarily result in a subsequent removal of L. pneumophila unless the formation of dead microbial cells is minimized.

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