Sa1831 The Effects of Alterations in the Luminal Microbial Composition on Pyroptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Mucosal Inflammation

Abstract Intestinal microorganisms have been shown to be important factors that affect the growth performance of pigs. Therefore, to investigate the effect of the intestinal microflora structure on the growth performance of pigs, samples from Duroc (n = 10), Landrace (n = 9) and Yorkshire (n = 21) pigs under the same diet and feeding conditions were collected. The fecal microbial composition was profiled via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. And we also analyzed their growth performance. We found that Duroc and Landrace had significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), growth index (GI), and 100 kg daily age (P < 0.05). Moreover, through the analysis of the intestinal flora, we also identified that there were 18 species of intestinal flora with significant differences between Duroc and Landrace (P < 0.05). In order to eliminate the influence of genetic background, the intestinal differential flora of 21 Yorkshire pigs with different growth performance was analyzed. The results showed that there were significant correlations between Barnesiella, Dorea, Clostridium and Lactobacillus and pig growth performance. To explore the effect of intestinal flora on the growth performance of pigs at the molecular level, Lactobacillus, which has the highest content in the intestine, was selected for isolation and purification, and co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells. The qPCR was used to determine the effect of Lactobacillus on MC4R gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that Lactobacillus inhibited MC4R gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results provided useful reference for the further study on the relationship between intestinal flora and pig growth performance.

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Bacteroides fragilis Enterotoxin Induces Human β-Defensin-2 Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/IκB Kinase/NF-κB-Dependent Pathway

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00118-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 2024-2033 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Young Mee Yoon ◽

Jin Young Lee ◽

Doyoung Yoo ◽

Young-Suk Sim ◽

Young-Jeon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Bacteroides Fragilis ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Mucosal Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Iκb Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Spontaneous Disappearance

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) produces an approximately 20-kDa heat-labile enterotoxin (BFT) that plays an essential role in mucosal inflammation. Although spontaneous disappearance of ETBF infection is common, little information is available on regulated expression of antibacterial factors in response to BFT stimulation. This study investigates the role of BFT in human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) induction from intestinal epithelial cells. Stimulation of HT-29 and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell lines with BFT resulted in the induction of hBD-2. Activation of a reporter gene for hBD-2 was dependent on the presence of NF-κB binding sites. In contrast, suppression of AP-1 did not affect hBD-2 expression in BFT-stimulated cells. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) using SB203580 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection resulted in a significant reduction in BFT-induced IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB activation and hBD-2 expression. Our results suggest that a pathway including p38 MAPK, IKK, and NF-κB activation is required for hBD-2 induction in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to BFT, and may be involved in the host defense following infection with ETBF.

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Delivery Mode Affects Intestinal Microbial Composition and the Development of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.626144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Linzheng Lyu ◽

Xiaohong Zhou ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Li Liu ◽

Haiyue Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Apparent Difference ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Delivery Modes ◽

Rat Pups ◽

Stool Samples

BackgroundThe infant’s intestine contains diverse microbiota, which play an important role in an infant’s health.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the different intestinal microbiota and their function in two delivery modes [vaginal delivery and cesarean section (C-section)] and to investigate the proprieties of bacteria associated with vaginal delivery on the development of intestinal epithelial cells in rat pups.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the intestinal microbial diversity of the stool samples of 51 infants of subjects who underwent vaginal delivery and C-section by sequencing the V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene and predicted the function of the microbiotas. The infant stool microbiota in the vaginal delivery group was associated with the digestive system and cell growth and death, whereas that of the C-section group was associated with membrane transport. Then, we isolated the strains based on function prediction.ResultsA total of 95 strains were isolated in the vaginal delivery group. Bifidobacterium bifidum FL-228.1 (FL-228.1) was screened and selected owing to its good surface hydrophobicity, bacterial survivability in the simulated gastrointestinal condition and adhesion ability to the IEC-6 cell line as well as owing to the development of intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that FL-228.1 exhibited favorable effects on the development of intestinal epithelial cells in rat pups.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate an apparent difference in the bacterial composition of the stool samples collected from infants of the two delivery modes. By analyzing and screening the bacteria in infant stool samples, we found that one strain, i.e., B bifidum FL-228.1, exhibited favorable effects on the development of intestinal epithelial cells.

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How Bacteria-Induced Apoptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Contributes to Mucosal Inflammation

International Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.4061/2010/574568 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Martin Hausmann

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Er Stress ◽

Cell Survival ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Cell Signalling ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Mucosal Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Cell Shedding

The life cycle of an intestinal epithelial cell is terminated by apoptosis and/or cell shedding. Apoptotic deletion of epithelial cells from the intact intestinal mucosa is not accompanied by detectable inflammatory response or loss of barrier function. But increased permeability of the epithelial barrier and increased apoptotic rates of epithelial cells have been reported for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiota can both induce or inhibit apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells thus contribute to mucosal inflammation or support epithelial integrity respectively. Bacteria-mediated cytokine secretion and altered cell signalling are central to epithelial injury. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted after exposure to invasive bacteria induces both apoptosis and cell shedding. TNF is the major target gene of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B with both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects. Autophagy promotes both cell survival and “autophagic” cell death. If autophagy is directed against microbes it is termed xenophagy. Inhibition of xenophagy has been shown to decrease cell survival. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes misfolded proteins to accumulate in the ER lumen. It was suggested that ER stress and autophagy may interact within intestinal epithelial cells. Apoptosis in response to infection may be well proposed by the host to delete infected epithelial cells or could be a strategy of microbial pathogens to escape from exhausted cells to invade deeper mucosal layers for a prolonged bacterial colonization.

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Expression of TNFAIP3 in intestinal epithelial cells protects from DSS- but not TNBS-induced colitis

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00077.2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 303 (2) ◽

pp. G220-G227 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Lesley Rhee ◽

Stephen F. Murphy ◽

Lauren E. Kolodziej ◽

Wesley A. Grimm ◽

Christopher R. Weber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Feedback Loop ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Mucosal Inflammation ◽

Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Wild Type

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis by providing a physical and functional barrier between the intestinal lumen and underlying mucosal immune system. The activation of NF-κB and prevention of apoptosis in IEC are required to maintain the intestinal barrier and prevent colitis. How NF-κB activation in IEC prevents colitis is not fully understood. TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is a NF-κB-induced gene that acts in a negative-feedback loop to inhibit NF-κB activation and also to inhibit apoptosis; therefore, we investigated whether TNFAIP3 expression in the intestinal epithelium impacts susceptibility of mice to colitis. Transgenic mice expressing TNFAIP3 in IEC (villin-TNFAIP3 Tg mice) were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and the severity and characteristics of mucosal inflammation and barrier function were compared with wild-type mice. Villin-TNFAIP3 Tg mice were protected from DSS-induced colitis and displayed reduced production of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokines. Villin-TNFAIP3 Tg mice were also protected from DSS-induced increases in intestinal permeability and induction of IEC death. Villin-TNFAIP3 Tg mice were not protected from colitis induced by TNBS. These results indicate that TNFAIP3 expression in IEC prevents colitis involving DSS-induced IEC death, but not colitis driven by T cell-mediated inflammation. As TNFAIP3 inhibits NF-κB activation and IEC death, expression of TNFAIP3 in IEC may provide an avenue to inhibit IEC NF-κB activation without inducing IEC death and inflammation.

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Characterization and comparison of the bacterial community between complete intensive and extensive feeding patterns in pigs

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-021-01191-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin-Jian Li ◽

Mingyu Wang ◽

Yahui Xue ◽

Dongdong Duan ◽

Cong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Feeding Pattern ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Drb Gene

AbstractTo investigate and compare the gut microbiota structures in complete intensive feeding pattern (CP) and extensive feeding pattern (EP) groups, a total of 20 pigs were divided into two groups and fed the same diet. The fecal microbial composition was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results showed that seventeen predominant genera were present in each pig sample and constituted the phylogenetic core of the microbiota at the class level. The abundance of most of the core microbial flora were significantly higher in the CP group than in the EP group (P < 0.05), while the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was significantly lower in the CP group than in the EP group (P < 0.05). The CP group had significantly greater community diversity, richness, and evenness than the EP group (P < 0.05). Functional prediction analysis indicated that intestinal microbial species potentially led to faster growth and an increased fat accumulation capacity in the CP group; however, disease resistance was weaker in the CP group than in the EP group. In conclusion, EP pigs have a wider range of activity and better animal welfare than CP pigs, which helps reduce the occurrence of diseases and neurological symptoms. To explore the effect of intestinal flora on disease resistance in pigs at the molecular level, Coprococcus, which is a key gut bacterium in the intestine, was selected for isolation and purification and cocultured with intestinal epithelial cells. qPCR was performed to determine the effect of Coprococcus on SLA-DRB gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that Coprococcus enhanced SLA-DRB gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results provide useful reference data for further study on the relationship between intestinal flora and pig disease resistance.

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Identification microflora related to growth performance in pigs based on 16s rRNA sequence analyses

10.21203/rs.3.rs-62183/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin-Jian Li ◽

Mingyu Wang ◽

Yahui Xue ◽

Dongdong Duan ◽

Cong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Mc4r Gene

Abstract Intestinal microorganisms have been shown to be important factors that affect the growth performance of pigs. Therefore, to investigate the effect of the intestinal microflora structure on the growth performance of pigs, samples from Duroc (n=10), Landrace (n=9) and Yorkshire (n=21) pigs under the same diet and feeding conditions were collected. The fecal microbial composition was profiled via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. And we also analyzed their growth performance. We found that Duroc and Landrace had significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), growth index (GI), and 100kg daily age ( P<0.05 ). Moreover, through the analysis of the intestinal flora, we also identified that there were 18 species of intestinal flora with significant differences between Duroc and Landrace ( P<0.05 ). In order to eliminate the influence of genetic background, the intestinal differential flora of 21 Yorkshire pigs with different growth performance was analyzed. The results showed that there were significant correlations between Barnesiella , Dorea , Clostridium and Lactobacillus and pig growth performance. To explore the effect of intestinal flora on the growth performance of pigs at the molecular level, Lactobacillus , which has the highest content in the intestine, was selected for isolation and purification, and co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells. The qPCR was used to determine the effect of Lactobacillus on MC4R gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that Lactobacillus inhibited MC4R gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results provided useful reference for the further study on the relationship between intestinal flora and pig growth performance.

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Identification of microflora related to growth performance in pigs based on 16S rRNA sequence analyses

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01130-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin-Jian Li ◽

Mingyu Wang ◽

Yahui Xue ◽

Dongdong Duan ◽

Cong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Mc4r Gene

Abstract Intestinal microorganisms have been shown to be important factors affecting the growth performance of pigs. Therefore, to investigate the effect of the intestinal microflora structure on the growth performance of pigs, samples from Duroc (n = 10), Landrace (n = 9) and Yorkshire (n = 21) pigs under the same diet and feeding conditions were collected. The fecal microbial composition was profiled via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. We also analyzed their growth performance. We found that Duroc and Landrace pigs had significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), growth index (GI), and number of days taken to reach 100 kg (P < 0.05). Moreover, through analysis of the intestinal flora, we also identified 18 species of intestinal flora with significant differences between Duroc and Landrace pigs (P < 0.05). To eliminate the influence of genetic background, the differential intestinal flora of 21 Yorkshire pigs with differences in growth performance was analyzed. The results showed that there were significant correlations between Barnesiella, Dorea, Clostridium and Lactobacillus and pig growth performance. To explore the effect of the intestinal flora on the growth performance of pigs at the molecular level, Lactobacillus, which is the most abundant in the intestine, was selected for isolation and purification and cocultured with intestinal epithelial cells. qPCR was used to determine the effect of Lactobacillus on MC4R gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that Lactobacillus inhibited MC4R gene expression in these cells. The results provide a useful reference for further study of the relationship between the intestinal flora and pig growth performance.

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