An experimental study of the stability of copper chloride complexes in water vapor at elevated temperatures and pressures

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Archibald ◽  
A.A. Migdisov ◽  
A.E. Williams-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Chloride Complexes ◽  
The Stability

The stability of Au-chloride complexes in water vapor at elevated temperatures and pressures

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (23) ◽  
pp. 4413-4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Archibald ◽  
A.A. Migdisov ◽  
A.E. Williams-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Chloride Complexes ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Chemical Implications for the Presence of Introduced Materials in the Post-Emplacement Environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Meike
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Chemical Modeling ◽  
Waste Package ◽  
Waste Repository ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses our ability to predict the chemical consequences of the presence of introduced materials, many of them man-made, in a radioactive waste repository. The chemical modeling ability required to describe this environment over a 10,000 year period is unique and unprecedented. It requires knowledge of parameters that have never been measured, many of them with respect to introduced materials. This paper discusses considerations that are required to establish the potential significance of introduced materials, especially those that could compromise the lifetime of the waste packages or affect the transport of radionuclides from breached containers. The paper presents issues related to the stability of individual compounds, the potential alteration of predicted natural chemical reactions, the potential moderation of those effects by natural zeolites, and the potential for interactions at elevated temperatures between rock, water, water vapor, radiation, waste package, and introduced materials.

A simulation apparatus for the experimental study of batch reactor control methods

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
Petr Beránek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Exchange Area ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Methods Of Control

A simulation apparatus for the experimental study of the methods of control of batch reactors is devised. In this apparatus, the production of heat by an exothermic reaction is replaced by electric heating controlled by a computer in a closed loop; the reactor is cooled with an external cooler whose dynamic properties can be varied while keeping the heat exchange area constant. The effect of the cooler geometry on its dynamic properties is investigated and the effect of the cooler inertia on the stability and safety of the on-off temperature control in the unstable pseudostationary state is examined.

scholarly journals Dual role of CO in the stability of subnano Pt clusters at the Fe3O4(001) surface

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (32) ◽  
pp. 8921-8926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Bliem ◽  
Jessi E. S. van der Hoeven ◽  
Jan Hulva ◽  
Jiri Pavelec ◽  
Oscar Gamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
The Stability

Interactions between catalytically active metal particles and reactant gases depend strongly on the particle size, particularly in the subnanometer regime where the addition of just one atom can induce substantial changes in stability, morphology, and reactivity. Here, time-lapse scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations are used to study how CO exposure affects the stability of Pt adatoms and subnano clusters at the Fe3O4(001) surface, a model CO oxidation catalyst. The results reveal that CO plays a dual role: first, it induces mobility among otherwise stable Pt adatoms through the formation of Pt carbonyls (Pt1–CO), leading to agglomeration into subnano clusters. Second, the presence of the CO stabilizes the smallest clusters against decay at room temperature, significantly modifying the growth kinetics. At elevated temperatures, CO desorption results in a partial redispersion and recovery of the Pt adatom phase.

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