Effect of FR121196, a novel cognitive enhancer, on memory impairment of scopolamine-treated, nbM-lesioned, FF-lesioned and aged rats in the Morris water maze.

Abstract Background Inflammation is considered a key factor in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Therefore, we hypothesized that pre-operative anti-inflammatory treatment with ibuprofen would inhibit POCD in our rat-model. Methods Male Wistar rats of 3 or 23 months old received a single injection of ibuprofen (15 mg/kg i.p.) or were control handled before abdominal surgery. Timed blood and fecal samples were collected for analyses of inflammation markers and gut microbiome changes. Behavioral testing was performed from 9 to 14 days after surgery, in the open field, novel object- and novel location-recognition tests and Morris water maze. Neuroinflammation and neurogenesis were assessed by immune histochemistry after sacrifice on postoperative day 14. Results Ibuprofen improved short-term spatial memory in the novel location recognition test, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis. However, these effects were associated with increased hippocampal microglia activity. Whereas plasma cytokine levels (IL1-β, IL6, IL10, and TNFα) were not significantly affected, VEGF levels increased and IFABP levels decreased after ibuprofen. Long-term memory in the Morris water maze was not significantly improved by ibuprofen. The gut microbiome was neither significantly affected by surgery nor by ibuprofen treatment. In general, effects in aged rats appeared similar to those in young rats, though less pronounced. Conclusion A single injection of ibuprofen before surgery improved hippocampus-associated short-term memory after surgery and increased neurogenesis. However, this favorable outcome seemed not attributable to inhibition of (neuro)inflammation. Potential contributions of intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity need further investigation. Although less pronounced compared to young rats, effects in aged rats indicate that even elderly individuals could benefit from ibuprofen treatment.

Download Full-text

Cognitive-Enhancing Effect ofAronia melanocarpaExtract against Memory Impairment Induced by Scopolamine in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/6145926 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hyeon Yong Lee ◽

Jin Bae Weon ◽

Youn Sik Jung ◽

Nam Young Kim ◽

Myong Ki Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Passive Avoidance ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

Enhancing Effect ◽

Aronia Melanocarpa ◽

Avoidance Tests

Aronia melanocarpa(A. melanocarpa)berriesare a fruit with a marked antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to confirm the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Moreover, we determined a possible mechanism of the cognitive-enhancing effect involving AChE activity and BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus of mice.A. melanocarpa berriesextract attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the Morris water maze (79.3 ± 0.8 s of 200 mg/kg and 64.4 ± 10.7 s of 400 mg/kg on day 4) and passive avoidance tests (46.0 ± 41.1 s of 200 mg/kg and 25.6 ± 18.7 s of 400 mg/kg).A. melanocarpa berriesextract reduced the acetylcholinesterase level in the hippocampus of scopolamine-injected mice and increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. The major compound, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, also reversed memory impairment. These results showed thatA. melanocarpa berriesextract improved memory impairment by inhibiting AChE and increasing BDNF and p-CREB expression, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside may be responsible for the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract.

Download Full-text

Soybean Isoflavones Influences Learning and Memory and Caspase-3 Levels in the Hippocampus of Rats after MWM Test

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.3178 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 411-414 ◽

pp. 3178-3180

Author(s):

Li Hai Jin ◽

Xing Yu Zhao ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Guo Qing Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Morris Water Maze Test ◽

Once Daily ◽

Soybean Isoflavones ◽

Maze Test ◽

Intermediate Dose

We assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of action of Soybean Isoflavones on learning and memory and Caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus of rats after Morris water maze (MWM test). Soybean Isoflavones (200,400 or 800 mg/kg/d) were administered by intragavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the ability of Soybean Isoflavones to increase learning and memory impairment. The levels of Caspase-3 in hippocampus of rats were detected by Westernblot after MWM test. Compared to untreated controls (P<0.01), MWM could be prolonged after Soybean Isoflavones treatment (P<0.05 for="" low="" and="" intermediate="" dose="" groups="" westernblot="" analysis="" showed="" that="" the="" protein="" expression="" of="" caspase-3="" was="" decreased="" in="" different="" concentration="" soybean="" isoflavones="" i="">P<0.05 and="" i="">P<0.01, respectively). The results suggest that Soybean Isoflavones is effective in improving the learning and memory in rats , the mechanism of which may be related Caspase ways.

Download Full-text

Effects of Intraventricular Encapsulated Hngf-Secreting Fibroblasts in Aged Rats

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/096368979600500210 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 205-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mark D. Lindner ◽

Cristin E. Kearns ◽

Shelley R. Winn ◽

Beata Frydel ◽

Dwaine F. Emerich

Keyword(s):

Morris Water Maze ◽

Basal Forebrain ◽

Water Maze ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Learning Task ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Aged Rats ◽

Semipermeable Membranes ◽

Age Related ◽

Forebrain Neurons

Exogenous NGF administered into the central nervous system (CNS) has been reported to improve cognitive function in aged rats. However, concerns have been expressed about the risks involved with supplying NGF to the CNS. In this study, baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) genetically modified to secrete human NGF (hNGF) were encapsulated in semipermeable membranes and implanted intraventricularly. ChAT/LNGFR-positive basal forebrain neurons were shown to atrophy and degenerate with age, especially in cognitively impaired rats. The encapsulated BHK-NGF cells produced less than 10% of doses previously reported to be effective, but this was sufficient to increase the size of ChAT/LNGFR-positive basal forebrain neurons in the aged and learning-impaired rats to the size of the neurons in young healthy rats. The hNGF from these encapsulated cells also improved performance in a repeated-acquisition version of the Morris water maze spatial learning task in learning-impaired 20.6- and 26.7- mo-old rats. Furthermore, there was no evidence that these doses of hNGF impaired Morris water maze performance in the youngest 3.3-5.4 mo rats, and analyses of mortality rates, body weights, somatosensory thresholds, potential hyperalgesia, and activity levels, suggested that these levels of exogenous hNGF are not toxic or harmful to aged rats. These results suggest that CNS-implanted semipermeable membranes, containing genetically modified xenogeneic cells continuously producing these levels of hNGF, attenuate age-related cognitive deficits in nonimmunosuppressed aged rats, and that both the surgical implantation procedure and long-term exposure to low doses of hNGF appear safe in aged rats.

Download Full-text

Steamed and Fermented Ethanolic Extract fromCodonopsis lanceolataAttenuates Amyloid-β-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/1473801 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jin Bae Weon ◽

Min Rye Eom ◽

Youn Sik Jung ◽

Eun-Hye Hong ◽

Hyun-Jeong Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Passive Avoidance ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Bdnf Expression ◽

Creb Phosphorylation ◽

Avoidance Tests ◽

Tof Ms

Codonopsis lanceolata(C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermentedC. lanceolata(SFC) extract improves amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of SFC extract. Moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the hippocampus of mice to determine a possible mechanism for the cognitive-enhancing effect. Saponin compounds in SFC were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). SFC extract ameliorated amyloid-β-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. SFC extract inhibited AChE activity and also significantly increased the level of CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, and ERK activation in hippocampal tissue of amyloid-β-treated mice. Lancemasides A, B, C, D, E, and G and foetidissimoside A compounds present in SFC were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These results indicate that SFC extract improves Aβ-induced memory deficits and that AChE inhibition and CREB/BDNF/ERK expression is important for the effect of the SFC extract. In addition, lancemaside A specifically may be responsible for efficacious effect of SFC.

Download Full-text

PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRIPHALA CHURNA INSTREPTOZOTOCIN (I. C. V.) INDUCED DEMENTIA IN RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i3.22795 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Purabi Deka ◽

Arun Kumar

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Group ◽

Glutathione Level

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory improving activity of Triphala Churna hydro-methanolic fruit extract on learning and memory functions in Streptozotocin (I. C. V) induced dementia in rats by using morris water maze and elevated plus maze.Methods: A total of 42 albino wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were randomized into 7 equal groups as follows: Normal control group received normal saline (1 ml/kg p. o.) for 24 d, STZ treated group (3 mg/kg, i. c. v) were administered in two dosage regimen i.e. on first day and third day.), Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d, Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d. The learning and memory-impaired rats were treated with Triphala Churna Formulation 1, Triphala Churna Formulation 2 and Triphala Churna Formulation 3 for 21 d (100 mg/kg p. o.). AchE activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione level of brain homogenate was estimated in Control/STZ (I. C. V)/Standard/Triphala Churna fruits extract treated rats.Results: Administration of Triphala Churna fruits extract significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by STZ (I. C. V) in the elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Furthermore, in the TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group brain AchE level was decreased (P≤0.01) as well as brain lipid peroxidation was also decreased (P≤0.001). Brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione level were increased (P≤0.001) in the TPLC1 and TPLC2 treated group when compared to the STZ treated group, TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group showed significant (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase level. Conclusion: Triphala Churna fruits extract has an improving effect on learning and memory impairment rats produced by Streptozotocin (I. C. V) and may have a useful effect in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Download Full-text

Anti-inflammatory Potential of Dapsone Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles in Streptozotocin-Induced Experimental Dementia

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2011.4.1.7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1347-1359

Author(s):

B S Sekhon ◽

Saluja V ◽

D Chopra ◽

N Singh

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Water Maze ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Disease Type ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Histological Studies

The potential of dapsone loaded characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) as a targeted delivery was investigated in memory deficits associated with dementia of Alzheimer disease type. Streptozotocin (STZ) in two doses (3 mg/kg on 1st and 3rd day) via intracerebroventricular route was used to induce dementia in swiss albino mice. The results showed that administration of STZ significantly impaired learning and memory based on Morris water-maze (MWM) test and raised myeloperoxidase (MPO) level along with neutrophils infiltration density (based on brain myeloperoxidase activity along with histological studies). Dapsone (1 mg/kg & 2 mg/kg for 11 days) loaded CSNP significantly attenuated STZ induced memory impairment as well as brain MPO activity along with increased neutrophils infiltration.

Download Full-text