Incorporation of dietary [14C]arachidonic acid and [3H]eicosapentaenoic acid into tissue lipids during absorption of a fish oil emulsion.

The present study evaluated the effects of wash-out on the fatty acid (FA) composition in the muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail. After 109 days during which fish were fed either a fish oil (FO)-based diet (FO 100) or a diet (FO 0) in which FO was completely substituted by vegetable oils, all fish were subjected to a wash-out with FO 100 diet for 90 days. The FA profile of muscles in fish fed FO 0 diet at the beginning of the experiment reflected that of dietary vegetable oils, rich in linoleic acid (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and was deficient in AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). No essential FA were fully restored in fish previously fed FO 0 diet on 45th or 90th day of wash-out. At the end of wash-out, the FA composition showed that AA, EPA, and DHA in the white muscles increased by +33%, +16%, and +43% (p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, AA and DHA in the red muscles increased by +33% and +41% respectively, while EPA remained similar to fish fed FO 0 diet exclusively. Therefore, a 90-d wash-out can partially improve the FA profile in muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail previously fed vegetable oil-based diets.

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ω–3 fatty acids increase the arachidonic acid content of liver cholesterol ester and plasma triacylglycerol fractions in the rat

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2610011 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 261 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M L Garg ◽

A A Wierzbicki ◽

A B R Thomson ◽

M T Clandinin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Cholesterol Ester ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Liver Cholesterol ◽

Arachidonic Acid Content ◽

Cholesterol Esters ◽

Omega 6

Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary fish oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5,omega 3) lower the content of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in plasma and tissue phospholipids. The present study examined the fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester and triacylglycerol fractions from plasma and livers of rats fed diets enriched with saturated fatty acids (beef tallow), alpha-linolenic acid (linseed oil) or eicosapentaenoic acid (fish oil). Feeding diets containing linseed oil or fish oil for 28 days increased arachidonic acid (C20:4,omega 6) levels in the cholesterol ester fraction of liver and in the triacylglycerol fraction of the plasma lipids. Plasma cholesterol esters were depleted of C20:4,omega 6 after feeding of the diet containing either linseed oil or fish oil. The changes in C20:4,omega 6 content cannot be explained by alterations in cholesterol ester or triacylglycerol pools of plasma and liver. These results suggest that the decrease in phospholipid C20:4,omega 6 content generally observed after fish oil consumption may be partly due to a shift of C20:4,omega 6 from phospholipid to the triacylglycerol and/or cholesterol ester pools in the same tissue. Triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters may therefore play a buffering role in the homeostatic maintenance of tissue phospholipid levels of arachidonic acid.

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Sardine Fish Oil By Sentrifugation and Adsorbent for Emulsion

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.17844/jphpi.v20i1.16437 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kristina Haryati ◽

Sugeng Heri Suseno ◽

Nurjanah Nurjanah

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Secondary Oxidation ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Sardine Oil ◽

Oxidation Parameters

Sardine fish meal by-product contain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) and it can be made as emulsion. The purpose of this study were to determine the best fish oil emulsion by mixing<br />the oil phase (lecithin 3% and oil) and water phase (carboxymethyl cellulose/CMC 2% and fruit juice) and then stored until creaming, and the emulsion is analyzed their viscosity, pH, percent of stability and long<br />separation. Sardine oil is separated from the emulsion and tested oxidation parameters. The best emulsion was fish oil emulsion after refined without citric acid (RTS) with viscosity (2470.31 cP), pH (5.64), percent of stability (56.14%) and long separation (14 days). Primary and secondary oxidation parameters of RTS were FFA (14.87%), PV (14.43 meq/kg), AV (32.57 meq KOH/g), AnV (17.3 meq/kg), and Totox (46.16 meq/kg).

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Blood lipid docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid in term gestation infants fed formulas with high docosahexaenoic acid, low eicosapentaenoic acid fish oil

Lipids ◽

10.1007/bf02523832 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 617-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Sheila M. Innis ◽

Nancy Auestad ◽

Joel S. Siegman

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Blood Lipid

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Dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are equipotent in stimulating volume regulation in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.1.c109 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (1) ◽

pp. C109-C117 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

L. Lauritzen ◽

E. K. Hoffmann ◽

H. S. Hansen ◽

B. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Initial Rate ◽

Ehrlich Ascites Tumor ◽

Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells ◽

Ascites Tumor ◽

Ehrlich Ascites

This investigation addresses whether enriching cellular phospholipids with n-3 or n-6 fatty acids affects the process of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in murine Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Two weeks of dietary n-3-rich fish oil (7.5%, wt/wt) increased the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid in cellular phospholipids compared with an olive oil control diet. Cells grown in mice fed on fish oil had an accelerated RVD response after hypotonic exposure, indicating that the volume-induced K+ conductance was increased. The fish oil diet furthermore resulted in an increased Cl- conductance during RVD, demonstrated as an increased initial rate of cell shrinkage after addition of K+ ionophore to the swollen cells. The initial rate of volume recovery correlated positively with the sum of eicosanoid precursors (arachidonic acid plus eicosapentaenoic acid) (P = 0.007). Diet supplemented with n-6 fatty acids resulted in an enhanced RVD response as well. RVD was inhibited by anti-calmodulin drugs, and exogenous leukotriene D5 and leukotriene D4 were equipotent in attenuating this inhibition. We conclude that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids result in a more effective RVD response because of an increase in the volume-induced Cl- and K+ conductances. We propose that this is caused by an enhanced volume-induced leukotriene synthesis due to an increase in eicosanoid precursor availability.

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Fish oil-enriched diet is mucosal protective against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y91-072 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 480-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Lonnie R. Empey ◽

Laurence D. Jewell ◽

Manohar L. Garg ◽

Alan B. R. Thomson ◽

M. Thomas Clandinin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Fluid Absorption ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Products of arachidonic acid metabolism are elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and this elevation is correlated with disease activity. Eicosapentaenoic acid competes with arachidonic acid and alters eicosanoid biosynthesis. In this experiment, the possibility that eicosapentaenoic acid could be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease was investigated by determining the effect of 6 weeks of a fish oil-supplemented diet, enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid, on colonic and ileal morphology, histology, and in vivo fluid absorption in rats with 4% acetic acid-induced colitis. The results of an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet were compared with results of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets. In rats with misoprostol pretreated acetic acid-induced colitis, an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet reversed net colonic fluid secretion to absorption and prevented macroscopic and histologic injury, compared with saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets, which did not. The fish oil mucosal protective effect occurred in the presence of a 30-fold enhancement of PGE2 synthesis. In rats with non-misoprostol pretreated acetic acid-induced colitis, an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet returned ileal fluid absorption to control levels, as compared with saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets, which did not. In conclusion, a fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid)-enriched diet, but not a saturated-or a polyunsaturated-enriched diet, protected colonic and ileal net fluid absorption in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease.Key words: eicosapentaenoic acid, fish oil, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, misoprostol.

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Concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in an arachidonic acid-producing fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, grown with fish oil

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/bf00170076 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yoshifumi Shinmen ◽

Hiroshi Kawashima ◽

Sakayu Shimizu ◽

Hideaki Yamada

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Mortierella Alpina

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Fish oil: a potent inhibitor of platelet adhesiveness [see comments]

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v76.5.938.938 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 938-945 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

XL Li ◽

M Steiner

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Platelet Adhesion ◽

Fatty Acid Distribution ◽

Moderate Increase ◽

Platelet Adhesiveness ◽

Normal Individuals

Abstract The effect of fish oil administration on platelet function was studied in eight normal individuals, four men and four women, who received fish oil equivalent to 6 g eicosapentaenoic acid per day for a period of 25 days. Platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion, phospholipid and fatty acid distribution were measured at periodic intervals before, during, and after the period of fish oil administration. Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, and collagen showed a moderate increase in ED 50 in response to the administration of fish oil. Conversely, platelet adhesion to fibrinogen and collagen I, which was studied at low shear rates in a laminar flow chamber, showed a striking 60% to 65% decrease after fish oil supplementation of the diet. The change in adhesiveness could be correlated with the pseudopodia formed in response to agonistic stimulation. Scanning electron microscopic examination of adherent platelets showed an overall reduction of pseudopodia that appeared short and stubby on fish oil administration. The profile of the fatty acids extracted from plasma confirmed compliance of the volunteers with their dietary supplements. Analysis of phospholipids showed changes in sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylcholine between pseudopodia and platelet cell bodies. Fish oil administration did not affect their overall distribution except for a moderate decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine in platelet pseudopodia. Changes were also recognized in the total fatty acids extracted from platelets, affecting primarily arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. There were no changes in platelet adhesiveness in a group of five normal individuals who received a vegetable oil supplement of equal dose and duration as that of the fish oil. We conclude from these studies that fish oil, at least when administered over a limited period of time, is an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesiveness.

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