Importance of determining racial differences in cardiovascular risk factors in childhood

Background Black Americans have more atrial fibrillation risk factors but lower atrial fibrillation risk than White Americans. Left atrial (LA) enlargement and/or dysfunction, frequent atrial tachycardia (AT), and premature atrial contractions (PAC) are associated with increased atrial fibrillation risk. Racial differences in these factors may exist that could explain the difference in atrial fibrillation risk. Methods and Results We included 2133 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study participants (aged 74±4.5 years[mean±SD], 59% women, 27% Black participants) who had echocardiograms in 2011 to 2013 and wore the Zio XT Patch (a 2‐week continuous heart monitor) in 2016 to 2017. Linear regression was used to analyze (1) differences in AT/day or PAC/hour between Black and White participants, (2) differences in LA measures between Black and White participants, and (3) racial differences in the association of LA measures with AT or PAC frequency. Compared with White participants, Black participants had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease, lower AT frequency, greater LA size, and lower LA function. After multivariable adjustments, Black participants had 37% (95% CI, 24%–47%) fewer AT runs/day than White participants. No difference in PAC between races was noted. Greater LA size and reduced LA function are associated with more AT and PAC runs; however, no race interaction was present. Conclusions Differences in LA measures are unlikely to explain the difference in atrial fibrillation risk between Black and White individuals. Despite more cardiovascular risk factors and greater atrial remodeling, Black participants have lower AT frequency than White participants. Future research is needed to elucidate the protective mechanisms that confer resilience to atrial arrhythmias in Black individuals.

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Abstract P075: Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Older Adults With Incident Diabetes: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.139.suppl_1.p075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 139 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Gargya Malla ◽

Andrea Cherrington ◽

Sha Zhu ◽

Doyle M Cummings ◽

Olivio Clay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Regards Study

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Gender and Racial Differences in the Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Overweight and Obese Rural Adults, Kuching and Samarahan Division, Sarawak, Malaysia

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2016/4536753 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Whye Lian Cheah ◽

Ching Thon Chang ◽

Helmy Hazmi ◽

Wan Manan Wan Muda

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Body Fat ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Activity Measurement ◽

Rural Adults

Objective. This study aimed to determine whether gender and ethnic differences had an effect on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese rural adults in Sarawak. Design and Setting. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural communities in Kuching and Samarahan division, Malaysia. Data was obtained using a set of questionnaire (sociodemographic data and physical activity), measurement of blood pressure, height, weight (body mass index, BMI), body fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile from three ethnic groups—Iban, Malay, and Bidayuh. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results. A total of 155 respondents participated in the study (81.6% response rate). The levels of physical activity, BMI status, body fat, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia were similar across the three ethnic groups and both females and males. Iban and Bidayuh had significant higher Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) when compared to the Malay (Bidayuh OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.12, 0.78; Iban OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.12, 0.69). Conclusions. The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors varied according to ethnic groups and gender. A better understanding of these differences would help in the design and implementation of intervention programme for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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