The Urethra and its Relationship to Urinary Tract Infection. II. The Urethral Flora of the Female with Recurrent Urinary Infection

1968 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair E. Cox ◽  
Sushil S. Lacy ◽  
Frank Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection

Pathogenesis of urinary tract infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ased Ali
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systemic Sepsis ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Minor Infection

The realization of the harms resulting from indiscriminate use of antibiotics for minor infection has added impetus to the need to understand better the interaction between urogenital tract epithelium and invading bacteria during the initial stages of urinary tract infection (UTI). It is thought that uropathogenic Escherichia coli clones develop in the gut and migrate across the perineum to the urethra and up into the bladder. The response of the epithelium to bacterial adherence and the evolution of the invading bacteria will then govern the clinical consequences. These can vary between rapid invasion and further migration to produce systemic sepsis to tolerance of the bacteria in a planktonic state in asymptomatic bacteriuria. The key to these differences is the activation of epithelial pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors by expressed proteins on the bacterial cell wall. Increased understanding of these interactions will lead to non-antibiotic-based strategies for clinical management of urinary infection.

scholarly journals Spread of Enterococcal Surface Protein in Antibiotic Resistant Entero-coccus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections

Enterococci rank among leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infection in hospital and community acquired infections. Several traits that may contribute to enhanced virulence have been identified in Enterococci. Extracellular surface protein (Esp) is a virulence factor that contributes in biofilm formation and resistance to environmental stresses. In this study we aimed to determine occurrence ofespinE. faeciumandE. faecalisisolates isolated from urinary tract infections and to investigate whether there is any correlation between presence ofespand antibiotic resistance. One hundred and sixty six isolates were collected from patients with UTI and after identification by biochemical and PCR, antibiotic resistances were examined. The presence ofespwas investigated by primer-specific PCR. 43.3% of isolates identified asE. faeciumand 56.7% asE. faecalis. Theespgene was found in 76.1% ofE. faeciumisolates and 77.9% ofE. faecalisisolate. There were significant correlation betweenesppositiveE. faeciumand resistance to Vancomycin (p<0.01), also inE.faecaliswe found correlation betweenesppositive and resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). Occurrence ofespin our isolates from urinary tract infection was high that indicates importance of this gene in urinary tract infections and shows importance of ability to forming biofilm and hydrophobicity of surface of Enterococci for causing urinary infection by Enterococci. Also, our finding showed significant correlation between resistance to antibiotics and presence ofespin Enterococci.

The interpretation of bacteriuria

1963 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Quantitative Culture ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Screening Measure ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Effective antibacterial therapy in many acute and all chronic or recurrent urinary infections requires identification of the infecting bacteria by smear or culture. Since bacteria are often present in the absence of infection, however, quantitative culture is being used increasingly to distinguish urinary tract infection from contamination. It is also recommended as a screening measure in pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, and other conditions in which asymptomatic urinary infection is a special danger.

scholarly journals Research Concerning the Correlations Between Urinary Tract Infections and Congenital Malformations of the Renourinary System

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Moréh ◽  
Lucia Sanda Voicu
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Introduction: Congenital malformations of the urinary system are risk factors for the development of urinary tract infections (UTI). Besides the severity of the malformation, urinary infection is always associated with poor prognosis for these patients. Late discovery of the malformation background, after several urinary tract infection episodes, contributes to the development of chronic pyelonephritis that may lead to chronic renal failure. Material and method: The study involved patients with renal and urinary tract congenital malformations treated at the Pediatric Nephrology Department from Tîrgu Mureș over a period of 6 years, who associated urinary tract infection. Results: Out of the total of 432 patients with congenital malformations of the urinary system, 270 had had at least one or several episode(s) of urinary tract infections in their medical history. Vesico-ureteral reflux and obstructive lesions of the urinary tract were most frequently associated with urinary infections. During the time when no ultrasound screening had been performed, the malformation background was usually diagnosed at the time of the first urinary infection episodes. Conclusions: The incidence of urinary tract infections in patients with renal and urinary tract congenital malformations depends on the type of the underlying malformation, and the time of diagnosis of the malformation background. Prevention of irreversible complications requires early diagnosis of the urinary system malformations that can be performed through ultrasound screening in the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Postoperative urinary tract infection after ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 917-922
Author(s):  
Mirko Jovanovic ◽  
Vesna Suljagic ◽  
Vladimir Bancevic
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy ◽  
Infective Complications

Background/Aim. Postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infective complications of ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria is not a contraindication for performing ureteroscopic lithotripsy but it can be a significant risk factor for occurrence of severe forms of postoperative urinary infection. Methods. From January 2010 until December 2014 at the Urology Clinic of the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, 389 patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy were analyzed, and their postoperative infective complications were monitored. From the group, the incidence of posteoperative urinary infection was analysed in 52 patients with preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria. Results. Infective complications occured in 18.7% of patients, and postoperative UTI in 10% of patients. Out of 52 patients with preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria, 36.5% had postoperative urinary tract infection (?2 = 46.773; p < 0.001). In these patients, we registered higher frequency of severe forms of postoperative UTI, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. Conclusion. Preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria represents a significant risk factor for developing postoperative UTI following ureteroscopic lithotripsy and is associated with increased risk for occurence of severe forms of SIRS and sepsis. It is desirable that every patient with indicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy has sterile urine culture, and if this is impossible to achieve, a special caution and an adequate antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis are needed before and during the surgical procedure

scholarly journals Urinary tract infection profile among a hospitalized newborn: a single center study in Iran, 2006-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Sabzehei ◽  
Behnaz Basiri ◽  
Maryam Shokouhi ◽  
Fatemeh Eghbalian
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Abnormal Finding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prolonged Jaundice

Background: Urinary tract infection in infants is associated with septicemia and genitourinary anomalies. This study was aimed at investigating the frequency, clinical signs, and anomalies in infants hospitalized for urinary tract infection.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all infants with urinary infection who were hospitalized in the neonatal ward of Be’sat Hospital from 2006 to 2015.Results: Of 79 infants with urinary infection, 62% were male and 87.3% were term infants. The mean age at admission was 16.62±7.17 days, and the mean weight was 3276±478.23 grams. The most frequent clinical sign and the most common pathogen reported were prolonged jaundice (62%) and Escherichia coli (69.6%), respectively. Of the samples, 93.7% were obtained by suprapubic aspiration, 23% had leukocytosis, and 2.5% had urosepsis. In urinalysis examination, 81% had pyuria and 19% had positive nitrate. Among 25.3% infants who had abnormal ultrasound findings, the most abnormal finding was mild bilateral hydronephrosis and 6.3% of the infants had abnormal voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in which vesicoureteral reflux was the most frequent finding.Conclusion: It showed that a prolonged jaundice in infants should be considered as a strong factor predicting urinary tract infection.

scholarly journals Urinary Infection Recurrence and Its Related Factors in Urinary Tract Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Sadeghi Bojd ◽  
Gholamreza Soleimani ◽  
Alireza Teimouri ◽  
Negar Aflakian
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Infection Recurrence

scholarly journals Chronic indwelling foley catheter, a risk factor for catheter associated urinary tract infection.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2300-2304
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saifullah ◽  
Moin Anwar ◽  
Hanan Noor ◽  
Muhammad Akmal ◽  
Ghulam Mehboob Subhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urethral Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

Catheter associated infection is one of commonest infection which affects hospital admitted patients. Indwelling urethral catheters which are kept in place for 30 days or less are called short term. Whereas, when catheter placement exceeds 30 days, it is known as chronic or long term. Objectives: This study was intended to investigate the frequency of urinary tract infection caused by chronic indwelling urethral catheters. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 6 months between 01-12-2015 to 31-05-2016. Material & Methods: Informed consent was taken from all the 100 patients which were selected for the research purpose. Under aseptic conditions, indwelling urethral catheter was replaced. The Foley catheter tip which we had taken out was cut and separated. It was delivered to the pathologist for culture and sensitivity in a secured axenic container. Diabetes was ruled out using blood sugar fasting levels. Data was recorded using a proforma. Results: In our study, out of 100 cases with chronic supra-pubic or urethral Foley catheter, 53% cases (n=53) were aged below 50 years while 47% (n=47) were aged above 50 years. Furthermore, 95% patients (n=95) were men and only 5% (n=5) were women. 18% participants of our study were recorded to have urinary infection associated with chronic catheterization. Conclusion: We found that urinary infection affects the patients having chronic indwelling urethral catheters significantly. Therefore, it is justified to assess every patient having urethral catheter for possible urinary infection.

scholarly journals Incidence of urinary infection among kidney-transplant recipients

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Alan Cristyan Ramalho ◽  
Alessandra Cristina Gobbi Matta
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Transplant Center ◽  
Control And Prevention

  Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial complication in renal transplant. This study investigated the number of urinary infection in renal transplant patients at a transplant center aimed at improving nursing care in order to minimize the incidence of urinary infection. We analyzed 59 medical records of patients subjected to renal transplant from May to June 2015 at a transplant center in a hospital in northwestern state of Paraná. The prevailing age of the patients was between 50 and 60 years (29%), and the hemodialysis time was up to 24 months (30%). In patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection (36%), the prevalent microorganisms were: Enterobacter cloacae (25%), occurring more frequently in the first month after transplantation (67%). It was concluded the nursing team may to act in the control and prevention of urinary tract infection. 

scholarly journals Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Nicolle
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Complicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Infecting Organisms

BACKGROUND: Complicated urinary tract infection occurs in individuals with functional or structural abnormalities of the genitourinary tract.OBJECTIVE: To review current knowledge relevant to complicated urinary tract infection, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for management.METHODS: The literature was reviewed through a PubMed search, and additional articles were identified by journal reference review. A draft guideline was prepared and critically reviewed by members of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada Guidelines Committee, with modifications incorporated following the review.RESULTS: Many urological abnormalities may be associated with complicated urinary infection. There is a wide spectrum of potential infecting organisms, and isolated bacteria tend to be more resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Morbidity and infection outcomes in subjects with complicated urinary infection are principally determined by the underlying abnormality rather than the infection. Principles of management include uniform collection of a urine specimen for culture before antimicrobial therapy, characterization of the underlying genitourinary abnormality, and nontreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria except before an invasive genitourinary procedure. The antimicrobial regimen is determined by clinical presentation, patient tolerance, renal function and known or anticipated infecting organisms. If the underlying abnormality contributing to the urinary infection cannot be corrected, then early post-treatment recurrence of infection is anticipated.CONCLUSIONS: The management of complicated urinary infection is individualized depending on patient variables and the infecting organism. Further clinical investigations are necessary to assist in determining optimal antimicrobial regimens.

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