Common RNA replication signals exist among group 2 coronaviruses: evidence for in vivo recombination between animal and human coronavius molecules

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

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Curcumin-containing Silver Nanoparticles prevent carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatotoxicity in mice

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666201211100830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Hossam Ebaid ◽

Mohamed Habila ◽

Iftekhar Hassan ◽

Jameel Al-Tamimi ◽

Mohamed S. Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Liquid Paraffin ◽

Tail Length ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Tissue Destruction ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Impact

Background: Hepatotoxicity remains an important clinical challenge. Hepatotoxicity observed in response to toxins and hazardous chemicals may be alleviated by delivery of the curcumin in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-curcumin). In this study, we examined the impact of AgNPs-curcumin in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (n=8 per group). Mice in group 1 were treated with vehicle control alone, while mice in Group 2 received a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1 v/v). Mice in group 3 were treated with 2.5 mg/kg AgNPs-curcumin twice per week for three weeks after the CCl4 challenge. Results: Administration of CCL4 resulted in oxidative dysregulation, including significant reductions in reduced glutathione and concomitant elevations in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). CCL4 challenge also resulted in elevated levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT); these findings were associated with the destruction of hepatic tissues. Treatment with AgNPs-curcumin prevented oxidative imbalance, hepatic dysfunction, and tissue destruction. A comet assay revealed that CCl4 challenge resulted in significant DNA damage as documented by a 70% increase in nuclear DNA tail-length; treatment with AgNPs-curcumin inhibited the CCL4-mediated increase in nuclear DNA tail-length by 34%. Conclusion: Administration of AgNPs-curcumin resulted in significant antioxidant activity in vivo. This agent has the potential to prevent the hepatic tissue destruction and DNA damage that results from direct exposure to CCL4.

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An In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Study of Corneal Nerve Morphology in Unilateral Keratoconus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/5067853 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Natasha Kishore Pahuja ◽

Rohit Shetty ◽

Rudy M. M. A. Nuijts ◽

Aarti Agrawal ◽

Arkasubhra Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nerve Fiber ◽

Nerve Branch ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Corneal Nerve ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Branch Density ◽

Corneal Nerve Morphology ◽

Group 1

Purpose.To study the corneal nerve morphology and its importance in unilateral keratoconus.Materials and Methods.In this prospective cross-sectional study, 33 eyes of 33 patients with keratoconus in one eye (Group 3) were compared with the other normal eye of the same patients (Group 2) and 30 eyes of healthy patients (Group 1). All patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examination followed by topography with Pentacam HR and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Five images obtained with IVCM were analyzed using an automated CCmetrics software version 1.0 for changes in subbasal plexus of nerves.Results.Intergroup comparison showed statistically significant reduction in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) and length (CNFL) in Group 3 as compared to Group 1 (p<0.001andp=0.001, resp.) and Group 2 (p=0.01andp=0.02, resp.). Though corneal nerve fiber length, diameter, area, width, corneal nerve branch density, and corneal total branch density were found to be higher in decentered cones, only the corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01) as compared to centered cones.Conclusion.Quantitative changes in the corneal nerve morphology can be used as an imaging marker for the early diagnosis of keratoconus before the onset of refractive or topography changes.

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173TRANSFER OF VITRIFIED BLASTOCYSTS FROM ONE OR TWO SUPEROVULATED LARGE WHITE HYPERPROLIFIC DONORS TO MEISHAN RECIPIENTS: REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS AT DAY 30 OF PREGNANCY

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv16n1ab173 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

C. Cuello ◽

F. Berthelot ◽

F. Martinat-Botté ◽

P. Guillouet ◽

V. Furstoss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Large White ◽

Embryo Survival ◽

Exact Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Fresh Semen ◽

Group 1

The present study was designed to determine the effect of pooling embryos from two donors on the reproductive success of transfer of vitrified/warmed porcine blastocysts. Superovulated Large White hyperprolific gilts (n=24) were used as embryo donors. Gilts were artificially inseminated 12 and 24h after initial detection of estrus using fresh semen, and slaughtered on Days 5.5 to 6 of the estrous cycle (Day 0=Onset of estrus). Embryos were recovered by flushing the uterine horns, and unhatched blastocysts were selected. Vitrification and warming were performed as reported previously (Berthelot et al., 2000 Cryobiology 41, 116–124). Embryo transfers were conducted in asynchronous (−24h) Meishan gilts (n=20). Twenty vitrified/warmed blastocysts were surgically transferred into one uterine horn. Ten recipients received embryos from one donor (group 1) and the other ten transfers were performed with mixed embryos from two donors (group 2). Pregnancy was assessed ultrasonographically at Day 25 after estrus and recipients were slaughtered five days later. The pregnancy rate from the different groups was compared using Fisher exact test. The GLM procedure of SAS was used to determine the effect of the origin of embryos (one or two donors) on the number of developed fetuses and viable fetuses at Day 30 of pregnancy. The ovulation rate was 32.5±11.8 (mean±SD). The total number of embryos collected was 634, of which 57 (9.0%), 36 (5.7%), 513 (80.9%) and 28 (4.4%), were unfertilized oocytes and degenerated embryos, morulae, unhatched blastocysts and hatched blastocysts, respectively. The ratio of collected embryos to the number of corpora lutea was 81.3%. The pregnancy rate for group 1 (70%) was not different (P>0.05) than that for group 2 (90%). No significant differences were detected between group 1 and group 2 for in vivo embryo development (number fetuses/transferred embryos in pregnant recipients; 33.3% v. 40%) or in vivo embryo survival (number viable fetuses/transferred embryos in pregnant recipients; 27.9% v. 33.9%). However, the in vivo efficiency (number viable fetuses/total transferred embryos) was higher (P<0.05) when transfers were performed with embryos from two donors (19.5% v. 30.5%). These results indicate that pooling embryos from two donors increases the in vivo efficiency after transfer of vitrified/warmed porcine blastocysts. This study was supported by grant from SENECA (FPI/99, Spain).

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Dynamics of intraocular temperature during local hypothermia (experimental study and mathematical modeling)

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE ◽

10.37621/jnamsu-2019-4-383-388 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 383-388

Author(s):

Lukyan Anatychuk ◽

Roman Kobyliansky ◽

Nataliya Pasyechnikova ◽

Volodymyr Naumenko ◽

Oleg Zadorozhnyy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Mathematical Model ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Comsol Multiphysics ◽

Rabbit Eye ◽

Local Contact ◽

Group 2 ◽

Local Hypothermia ◽

Group 1

Therapeutic hypothermia currently is successfully in various fields of medicine to protect biological tissues from ischemia. However the issue of changes in intraocular temperature under hypothermia remains poorly understood. Purpose. To study the dynamics of intraocular temperature in conditions of local hypothermia and on the basis of the obtained data to develop a mathematical model of thermophysical processes in the rabbit eye. Materials and methods. An in vivo experiment was performed on 10 rabbits (20 eyes). In group 1 (5 rabbits, 10 eyes), epibulbar and intraocular temperature was measured after local contact hypothermia through closed eyelids, in group 2 (5 rabbits, 10 eyes) after local contact hypothermia directly through the cornea. ока безпосередньо через рогівку. Для гіпотермії застосовувався гелевий акумулятор холоду температурою -10 °С. Для вимірювання температури в різних відділах ока застосовувався термоелектричний пристрій, розроблений Інститутом термоелектрики НАН і МОН України та ДУ «Інститут очних хвороб і тканинної терапії ім. В. П.Філатова НАМН України». Для розробки математичної моделі теплофізичних процесів в оці кролика використано пакет прикладних програм COMSOL Multiphysics. Результати. Температура склоподібного тіла в 1-й і 2-й групі тварин знизилася в порівнянні з вихідними даними відповідно на 2,8 °С і 5,4 °С. Температурний градієнт між зовнішньою поверхнею рогівки і середньою частиною склоподібного тіла ока кролика в 1-й групі становив 7,1 °С, у 2-й групі – 9,2 °С. На підставі отриманих експериментальних даних було розроблено схематичну, математичну та комп’ютерну моделі ока кролика з урахуванням його теплофізичних особливостей, кровообігу, процесів метаболізму і теплообміну. Висновки. У разі локальної контактної гіпотермії очей кролика відбувається зниження епібульбарної температури і температури внутрішньоочних середовищ, як під час охолодження безпосередньо зовнішньої поверхні рогівки, так і під час впливу холоду через закриті повіки. Ключові слова: внутрішньоочна температура, локальна гіпотермія, око кролика, математична модель ока. Для цитування: Анатичук ЛІ, Пасєчнікова НВ, Науменко ВО, Задорожний ОС, Назаретян РЕ, Кобилянський РР, Верешко ЄЮ. Динаміка внутрішньоочної температури в умовах локальної гіпотермії (експериментальне дослідження та математичне моделювання). Журнал Національної академії медичних наук України. 2019;25(4):383–8

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In Vivo Therapeutic Effect of Triclabendazole + Levamisole on Hydatid Cyst in Rats

International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences ◽

10.34172/ijmpes.2020.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 18-20

Author(s):

Peyman Sadeghi ◽

Yagoob Garedaghi ◽

Mirhadi Khayatnouri ◽

Hosein Hashemzade Farhang ◽

Ramin Kaffash Elahi

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Close Contact ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Control

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a global disease and one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases which is found in areas where humans, dogs, and herbivores are in close contact with each other. Methods: In this study, a total of 64 rats were divided into control and case groups, and then 3000 protoscolices were injected into the peritoneal cavity. After 2 months, rats in the case group were given triclabendazole + levamisole at a dose of 6 mg + 4.41 mg/mL orally for 60 days, respectively. Then, after 6 months of infection, the rats of the control and case groups were killed by anesthesia and then an autopsy was performed and the viscera were carefully examined for hydatid cyst infection. Results: The results showed that in the control group, 3 cysts were observed in the liver, 10 in the kidney, and 88 in the lung. The mean number of hydatid cysts in this group was determined to be 33.6. In the case group, 2 cysts were observed in the liver, 6 in the kidney, and 64 in the lungs. The mean number of hydatid cysts in the viscera was 24 in the case group. Conclusions: Statistical analysis of the results obtained from the case and control groups showed that the therapeutic efficacy of triclabendazole + levamisole was 31%, which is not enough to treat cases of hydatid cyst.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN VIVO EFFECT OF PERCUTANEOUS BONE MARROW INJECTION VS WITHOUT INJECTION ON UNION OF OPEN TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURES WITH EXTERNAL FIXATOR

10.36106/paripex/2900868 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Hrishikesh Desai ◽

Kirtiraj G ◽

Abhay P

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

External Fixator ◽

Autologous Bone Marrow ◽

Tibial Fractures ◽

External Fixators ◽

Open Tibial Fractures ◽

Autologous Bone ◽

Group 2 ◽

Radiological Union

Background : Open tibial fractures are notorious fractures because the open wound leaves us with limited options and means multiple operations with long intervals for the patient. The usual method of treatment of contaminated, late presenting and complicated fractures is a temporary external fixator followed by conversion into a costly definitive procedure once the wound has healed. The secondary definitive procedure also means extra cost in an already economically stressed patient.In our set up we have to often let patients leave with a plaster cast after removing the external fixator for economic constrains. Per cetaceous autologous bone marrow injection while the patient is on external fixator is one alternative that we have tried to deal with this problem hoping for a primary union without any costly intervention. Materials and methods : We had 42 cases of open tibial fractures which were treated with external fixator and per cutaneous bone marrow injection while 38 other cases which were used as control with only the external fixator and no injections. We included open fractures of only Gustilo Anderson type II,IIIA and B for our study. Study was conducted between period of June 2012 and December 2013 at SBKS medical college . Results : In group one, 34 of the 42 patients had a radiological union before 12 weeks while another 2 in 16 weeks. For group 2 , only 16 of the 38patients had radiological union at 12 weeks and no more at 16 weeks. The average time of union for group 1 was 10 weeks while of group 2 was 12 weeks .Function of the union cases of both the groups was similar in all aspects including distance of walking and ability to carry out daily activities. Conclusion : Per cutaneous autologous bone marrow injections are cheap , easily available and successful alternative to a secondary procedure for open tibial fractures on external fixators.

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Generation of variability by in vivo recombination of halves of a (β/α)8 barrel protein

Biomolecular Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.bioeng.2005.01.002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gloria Saab-Rincón ◽

Eugenio Mancera ◽

Gabriela Montero-Morán ◽

Filiberto Sánchez ◽

Xavier Soberón

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Recombination

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INTEGRATION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS IN A CRAYFISH MUSCLE

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.187.1.305 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 187 (1) ◽

pp. 305-313

Author(s):

P Skorupski ◽

P Vescovi ◽

B Bush

Keyword(s):

Negative Feedback ◽

Positive Feedback ◽

Motor Neurone ◽

Chordotonal Organ ◽

Negative Feedback Loops ◽

Reflex Pathways ◽

Motor Neurones ◽

Receptor Organ ◽

Group 2

It is now well established that in arthropods movement-related feedback may produce positive, as well as negative, feedback reflexes (Bassler, 1976; DiCaprio and Clarac, 1981; Skorupski and Sillar, 1986; Skorupski et al. 1992; Vedel, 1980; Zill, 1985). Usually the same motor neurones are involved in both negative feedback (resistance) reflex responses and positive feedback reflexes. Reflex reversal involves a shift in the pattern of central inputs to a motor neurone, for example from excitation to inhibition. In the crayfish, central modulation of reflexes has been described in some detail for two basal limb proprioceptors, the thoracocoxal muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) and the thoracocoxal chordotonal organ (TCCO) (Skorupski et al. 1992; Skorupski and Bush, 1992). Leg promotor motor neurones are excited by stretch of the TCMRO (which, in vivo, occurs on leg remotion) in a negative feedback reflex, but when this reflex reverses they are inhibited by the same stimulus. Release of the TCCO (which corresponds to leg promotion) excites some, but not all, promotor motor neurones in a positive feedback reflex. There are at least two ways in which the reflex control of a muscle may be modulated in this system. Firstly, inputs to motor neurones may be routed via alternative reflex pathways to produce different reflex outputs. Secondly, the pattern of inputs to a motor pool may be inhomogeneous, so that activation of different subgroups of the motor pool causes different outputs. Different crayfish promotor motor neurones are involved in different reflexes. On this basis, the motor neurones may be classified into at least two subgroups: those that are excited by the TCCO in a positive feedback reflex (group 1) and those that are not (group 2). Do these motor neurone subgroups have different effects on the promotor muscle, or is the output of the two promotor subgroups summed at the neuromuscular level? To address this question we recorded from the promotor nerve and muscle in a semi-intact preparation of the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Adult male and female crayfish, 8-11 cm rostrum to tail, were decapitated and the tail, carapace and viscera removed. The sternal artery was cannulated and perfused with oxygenated crayfish saline, as described previously (Sillar and Skorupski, 1986).

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Synthesis and Evaluation of [18F]FEtLos and [18F]AMBF3Los as Novel 18F-Labelled Losartan Derivatives for Molecular Imaging of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25081872 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1872

Author(s):

Martha Sahylí Ortega Pijeira ◽

Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves Nunes ◽

Sofia Nascimento dos Santos ◽

Zhengxing Zhang ◽

Arian Pérez Nario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Binding Affinity ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Prosthetic Group ◽

Positron Emission ◽

One Step ◽

Group 2

Losartan is widely used in clinics to treat cardiovascular related diseases by selectively blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs), which regulate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Therefore, monitoring the physiological and pathological biodistribution of AT1R using positron emission tomography (PET) might be a valuable tool to assess the functionality of RAS. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two novel losartan derivatives PET tracers, [18F]fluoroethyl-losartan ([18F]FEtLos) and [18F]ammoniomethyltrifluoroborate-losartan ([18F]AMBF3Los). [18F]FEtLos was radiolabeled by 18F-fluoroalkylation of losartan potassium using the prosthetic group 2-[18F]fluoroethyl tosylate; whereas [18F]AMBF3Los was prepared following an one-step 18F-19F isotopic exchange reaction, in an overall yield of 2.7 ± 0.9% and 11 ± 4%, respectively, with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Binding competition assays in AT1R-expressing membranes showed that AMBF3Los presented an almost equivalent binding affinity (Ki 7.9 nM) as the cold reference Losartan (Ki 1.5 nM), unlike FEtLos (Ki 2000 nM). In vitro and in vivo assays showed that [18F]AMBF3Los displayed a good binding affinity for AT1R-overexpressing CHO cells and was able to specifically bind to renal AT1R. Hence, our data demonstrate [18F]AMBF3Los as a new tool for PET imaging of AT1R with possible applications for the diagnosis of cardiovascular, inflammatory and cancer diseases.

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