Comparison of total coliform, fecal coliform, and enterococcus bacterial indicator response for ocean recreational water quality testing

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T Noble ◽  
D.F Moore ◽  
M.K Leecaster ◽  
C.D McGee ◽  
S.B Weisberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Recreational Water Quality ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Quality Testing

scholarly journals Modeling the Effects of Future Hydroclimatic Conditions on Microbial Water Quality and Management Practices in Two Agricultural Watersheds

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Coffey ◽  
Jonathan Butcher ◽  
Brian Benham ◽  
Thomas Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Recreational Water Quality ◽  
Nonpoint Sources

Highlights Increased fecal coliform (FC) loading from nonpoint sources is associated with wetter-warmer futures. Drier-warmer futures reduced FC loads but caused more recreational water quality criteria exceedances. More extensive BMP implementation may be needed to meet water quality goals. Abstract. Anticipated future hydroclimatic changes are expected to alter the transport and survival of fecally sourced waterborne pathogens, presenting an increased risk of recreational water quality impairments. Managing future risk requires an understanding of the interactions between fecal sources, hydroclimatic conditions, and best management practices (BMPs) at spatial scales relevant to decision makers. In this study, we used the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) to quantify potential fecal coliform (FC, an indicator of the potential presence of pathogens) responses to a range of mid-century climate scenarios and assess different BMP scenarios (based on reduction factors) for reducing the risk of water quality impairment in two small agricultural watersheds: the Chippewa watershed in Minnesota, and the Tye watershed in Virginia. In each watershed, simulations show a wide range of FC responses, driven largely by variability in projected future precipitation. Wetter future conditions, which drive more transport from nonpoint sources (e.g., manure application, livestock grazing), show increases in FC loads. Loads typically decrease in drier futures; however, higher mean FC concentrations and more recreational water quality criteria exceedances occur, likely caused by reduced flow during low-flow periods. Median changes across the ensemble generally show increases in FC load. BMPs that focus on key fecal sources (e.g., runoff from pasture, livestock defecation in streams) within a watershed can mitigate the effects of hydroclimatic change on FC loads. However, more extensive BMP implementation or improved BMP efficiency (i.e., higher FC reductions) may be needed to fully offset increases in FC load and meet water quality goals, such as total maximum daily loads and recreational water quality standards. Strategies for managing climate risk should be flexible and to the extent possible include resilient BMPs that function as designed under a range of future conditions. Keywords: Climate, HSPF, Management responses, Microbial water quality, Modeling, Watersheds.

Sources and Persistence of Fecal Coliform Bacteria in a Rural Watershed

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob C. Jamieson ◽  
Robert J. Gordon ◽  
Steven C. Tattrie ◽  
Glenn W. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Recreational Water Quality

Abstract Water quality within the Thomas Brook watershed, which is a small catchment located in the headwaters of the Cornwallis River drainage basin, was assessed through an integrated monitoring program. The Thomas Brook watershed is approximately 1000 ha and is characterized by both agricultural and residential land uses. Fecal coliform concentrations and stream flow were monitored at several points throughout the watershed during an eight-month period (May to December, 2001). Thomas Brook was seriously degraded with respect to microbial water quality. Fecal coliform levels frequently exceeded recreational water quality guidelines. At the watershed outlet, 94% of the collected samples exceeded the recreational water quality guideline during low flow conditions. Substantial bacterial loading was observed along stream reaches impacted by livestock operations. Bacterial loading was also observed along a stream reach that was not impacted by agricultural activities. A dense clustering of residences, using on-site septic systems, was the suspected source. Results from this study indicate the presence of a reservoir of fecal microorganisms within the stream sediments. The release of fecal microorganisms from the stream sediments to the water column during both low and high flow conditions could be a major source of bacterial loading.

scholarly journals Assessment of Coliforms Bacteria Contamination in Lake Tanganyika as Bioindicators of Recreational and Drinking Water Quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Lambert Niyoyitungiye ◽  
Anirudha Giri ◽  
Marc Ndayisenga
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Untreated Water

Worldwide coliform bacteria are used as indicators of environmental and fecal contamination and hence, the possible presence of pathogenic organisms. As most people living on the shores of Lake Tanganyika use its water for cooking, drinking and washing; the monitoring of organisms indicating water pollution is more predictive of the presence of certain pathogens to protect public health. This study was carried out along the Burundian coast at 4 sampling sites (Kajaga, Nyamugari, Rumonge and Mvugo) in the months of January, February and March 2018, to assess quantitatively the presence of coliform bacteria in comparison to the standards recommended by BIS-10500 (1991, 2012) and WWF-Pakistan (2007) for drinking and recreational water quality and to sensitize the populace using the untreated water about the potential health risks. The ColonyForming Unit (CFU) method was used and the results showed that total coliform bacteriaobtained was in the range of 9000 to 60000 CFU/100 mLand are indicative of environmental contamination of all sampling stations with an average of 33250 CFU/100 mL. Fecal coliform bacteria ranged from 0 to 5000 CFU/100 mL with an overall average of 2000 CFU/100 m Land Kajaga site appeared free of contamination as fecal coliform count there was nil. The Escherichia coli count recorded ranged from 0 to 3000 CFU/100 mL with an average of 1350 CFU/100 mL. At Kajaga stations, Escherichia coli count was 0 and therefore there is no evidence of recent fecal contamination. Thus, if only fecal contamination is taken into account, the water from Kajaga station can be considered as safe for drinking and bathing purposes but incidentally total coliforms were found at Kajagastation. The water from all sampling stations require treatment before any use.

scholarly journals Predicting culturable enterococci exceedances at Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico using satellite remote sensing and artificial neural networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Abdiel E. Laureano-Rosario ◽  
Andrew P. Duncan ◽  
Erin M. Symonds ◽  
Dragan A. Savic ◽  
Frank E. Muller-Karger
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Recreational Water Quality ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Predicting recreational water quality is key to protecting public health from exposure to wastewater-associated pathogens. It is not feasible to monitor recreational waters for all pathogens; therefore, monitoring programs use fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as enterococci, to identify wastewater pollution. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to predict when culturable enterococci concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Recreational Water Quality Criteria (RWQC) at Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Ten years of culturable enterococci data were analyzed together with satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), direct normal irradiance (DNI), turbidity, and dew point, along with local observations of precipitation and mean sea level (MSL). The factors identified as the most relevant for enterococci exceedance predictions based on the U.S. EPA RWQC were DNI, turbidity, cumulative 48 h precipitation, MSL, and SST; they predicted culturable enterococci exceedances with an accuracy of 75% and power greater than 60% based on the Receiving Operating Characteristic curve and F-Measure metrics. Results show the applicability of satellite-derived data and ANNs to predict recreational water quality at Escambron Beach. Future work should incorporate local sanitary survey data to predict risky recreational water conditions and protect human health.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF NUMBERS OF COLIFORM BACTERIAL AS WATER QUALITY INDICATOR IN KEPAHIANG DISTRICT RIVERS, BENGKULU PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Sipriyadi Sipriyadi ◽  
Risky Hadi Wibowo ◽  
Welly Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Ph Range

Coliform is a group of microbes that are used as indicators of water quality. Water pollution is generally caused by pathogenic microbes from feces, household waste, and industrial activity waste. This study aimed to estimate the total number of coliform contamination in several rivers in Kepahiang Regency, namely Tebat Monok (TM), Sempiyang (SPY), Penanjung Panjang (PP), Embong Ijok (EI) Air Langkap(ALK), and Air Belimbing (ABB).  Total coliform and Fecal coliform tests were carried out using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method on Lactose Broth, Brillian Green Lactose Bile Broth and pour plates on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media. Measurement of abiotic factors was on temperature and pH parameters. The test results of total coliform showed that 6 rivers contained total coliform under the Class II river water quality standards with a range of 1210/100 mL– 4310/100 mL and 2 rivers that were contaminated with Fecal coliform, TM and ALK, have the content of 1500/100 mL and 1700 / 100 mL. The results of the measurement of the abiotic factor, the river pH range was 7.4 - 8.2. The lowest temperature was 25oC in SPY river and the highest temperature was 26 oC on the TM, PP, EI, ALK, and ABB rivers.

scholarly journals Sanitation and Water Quality in Port Harcourt Waterfront Settlements

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma ◽  
M. A. S. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Port Harcourt

Sanitation and water quality are a good measure to judge the living standard and health status of a community. This study focused on the assessment of surface and ground water resources from selected waterfront areas within Port Harcourt metropolis notable for their poor sanitary conditions as receptacles for domestic wastes. Surface water (river) and ground water samples were collected from Abuloma waterfront, Marine Base and Afikpo (Diobu) and their microbiological and physiochemical parameters determined using standard laboratory methods. The microbiological parameters analyzed include total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC), fecal coliform count, total coliform count, Salmonella count, Shigella count and Vibrio count. The physiochemical parameters monitored include pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The THBC ranged from 15x101cfu/ml to 1.3x102 cfu/ml; total coliform count ranged from 0 to 17cfu/ml; all the samples had no fecal coliform; the Salmonella count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml; the Shigella count ranged from 0 to 30cfu/ml and Vibrio count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml. The pH values ranged from 5.9-7.6; temperature from 27.5°C to 29.6°C; salinity from 0.012 mg/l to 0.379 mg/l; conductivity from 17.8 s/cm to 19370 s/cm; TDS from 12.3 mg/l to 13610 mg/l; DO from 2.41 mg/l -3.4mg/l, turbidity from 0.24 NTU to 1.11 NTU and BOD from 16 mg/l to 120 mg/l. The results obtained showed that the water resources are not safe and pose risk to human health. These findings highlight the need to improve the sanitary condition of waterfront areas and promote water treatment to ensure the health and safety of the public.

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