Effect of a triazole fungicide on the cellulose decomposition by the soil microflora

Chemosphere ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Munier-Lamy ◽  
O. Borde
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Triazole Fungicide

Long-term effects of fire on the composition and activity of the soil microflora of a subalpine, coniferous forest

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (15) ◽  
pp. 1704-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bissett ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Soil Temperatures

The biomass, community composition, and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms were studied in adjacent burnt and unburnt areas of spruce–fir subalpine forest razed 6 years previously by a moderately severe natural fire. Similar levels of microbial biomass were observed at comparable burnt and unburnt sites, although the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass was higher in the unburnt soils. The decreased acidity of the surface horizons in the burn probably tended to favor the development of a bacterial flora rather than a fungal flora. Microbial biomass in the burnt sites peaked earlier in the season than in the unburnt sites in response to the warmer soil temperatures and earlier thaw in the spring in the burn area.Significant differences in the species composition of the mycoflora in the organic soil horizons were observed between the burnt and unburnt sites. Apparently, these were related to qualitative differences in the recent litter. Phoma, Cladosporium, and Botrytis, which are usually associated with early stages of decomposition of herbaceous litter, were more common in the burnt soil. The mycoflora of the mineral soil horizons varied considerably from one burn site to another, possibly reflecting the geographical variation in the intensity of the burn. In overall composition, however, the mycoflora in the mineral soil horizons of the burn was not appreciably different from that of the unburnt sites.Higher laboratory rates of respiration and cellulose decomposition were observed for soil samples from the undisturbed forest. However, the rate of decomposition of cellulose in the field was much higher in the burnt sites, probably as a result of the higher soil temperatures in the burn area. Low soil temperature was concluded to be the main factor limiting microbial activities in the study area, and the removal of the insulating plant canopy and increased heat absorption by the ash in the burn area were found to increase decomposition rates, at least at this stage in the succession following the disturbance of fire.

Shrimp Waste as a Respiration Substrate for Soil Microflora of the Chełmżyńskie Lake Watershed

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Swiontek Brzezinska ◽  
Elżbieta Lalke-Porczyk ◽  
Wojciech Donderski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Shrimp Waste

Characteristics of soil microflora of Panax notoginseng in different continuous cropping years

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Liu ◽  
X.Y. Yang ◽  
Z.Q. Miao ◽  
S.D. Li ◽  
Y.H. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Continuous Cropping

Cryogels as a solution to the issues of environmental management and trunk pipeline operation in Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Lyubov K. Altunina ◽  
◽  
Vladimir P. Burkov ◽  
Petr V. Burkov ◽  
Vitaly Y. Dudnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Trunk Pipeline ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Spatial Lattice

In the Russian Arctic, a soil cryostructuring technique (i.e. strengthening of soil horizons with cryogel-based composite materials with no excavation of unstable soils required) seems to be showing promise. Experiments have proven that mechanical and thermal insulation properties attributed to cryogels make them appropriate for use in strengthening and thermally insulating the soil, while their structure makes it possible to form a stable vegetation cover. Field experiments have confirmed that cryostructuring efficiently strengthens the soil layer with cryogels stimulating soil microflora. An experience of using cryotropic compositions in the oil and gas sector was described. Notably, cryogels can be used to strengthen unstable soil foundations of trunk pipelines, as well as to bind soil (e.g. on slopes). In addition, cryogels are advised for use in engineering protection to prevent the uneven settlement of a trench base and its creep: thus, cryogels are pumped into the soil of the trench bottom base to create a support system representing a spatial lattice. After the first freeze and thaw cycle, cryotropic material is formed and then increases its strength and elasticity with each new cycle. More broadly, opportunities have been considered regarding cryogels used in various engineering and geological conditions, while taking into account the outcomes of landscape and territorial analysis. It was concluded that cryogel-based composite materials are a promising innovative scientific field expanding technological capabilities for developing and using spaces and resources in the Russian Arctic.

Inhibition of Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Etaconazole in Ustilago maydis

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Ebert ◽  
John Gaudin ◽  
Wolfgang Muecke ◽  
Klaus Ramsteiner ◽  
Christian Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Triazole Fungicide ◽  
Dehydration Mechanism

The triazole fungicide etaconazole (CGA64 251) interferes with the ergosterol biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis by inhibiting the C-14 demethylation of the sterol nucleus. During the late log growth phase of U. maydis a novel endogenous sterol metabolite (14α-methyl-ergosta-8,24(28)- dien-3β,6α-diol) was discovered and analyzed, which accumulates under the influence of the fungicide. The structure of this metabolite points to a hydroxylation-dehydration mechanism for the introduction of the double bond at C-5 during the ergosterol biosynthesis.

Methodology in Accelerated Biodegradation of Herbicides

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravva V. Subba-Rao ◽  
Thomas H. Cromartie ◽  
Reed A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Additional Index

Accelerated biodegradation of herbicides in soils can be demonstrated in the laboratory either by treating soil samples with a herbicide under conditions favorable for microbial growth or by sampling field soils soon after herbicidal treatment. Quantitative measurement of accelerated degradation of thiocarbamates in field soils is complicated by the difficulty both of obtaining a proper untreated soil and of obtaining a representative sample by proper mixing of treated soil. Both bacteria and fungi degrade thiocarbamate herbicides, and examples of either class of organisms can be isolated by suitable selection and enrichment conditions. The enzymes involved in the initial steps of thiocarbamate biodegradation seem labile and have not been characterized. Studies of accelerated biodegradation of pesticides should measure the disappearance of the parent or active herbicide using chemical analyses or bioassays. Measuring accelerated biodegradation by determining metabolites (including CO2) is complicated by potential formation of other products, by incorporation of radioactivity into soil microflora, and by complex kinetics partly due to co-metabolism of the herbicide. Additional index words: EPTC, butylate.

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