The Significance of the Retrograde Patency Test in Microarterial Anastomosis

HAND ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol os-14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Subsequent Result ◽  
Better Than

The patency of a microarterial anastomosis was tested both in the antegrade and retrograde directions. Experimental and clinical observations showed that if patency was achieved in both directions, the subsequent result was much better than in those where patency was demonstrated only in the antegrade, but not in the retrograde direction.

ENHANCEMENT OF SCREEN FILM MAMMOGRAM UP TO A LEVEL OF DIGITAL MAMMOGRAM: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1340004
Author(s):  
APARNA NARENDRA BHALE ◽  
MANISH RATNAKAR JOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Digital Mammogram ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
Better Than

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women. If a cancer can be detected early, the options of treatment and the chances of total recovery will increase. From a woman's point of view, the procedure practiced (compression of breasts to record an image) to obtain a digital mammogram (DM) is exactly the same that is used to obtain a screen film mammogram (SFM). The quality of DM is undoubtedly better than SFM. However, obtaining DM is costlier and very few institutions can afford DM machines. According to the National Cancer Institute 92% of breast imaging centers in India do not have digital mammography machines and they depend on the conventional SFM. Hence in this context, one should answer "Can SFM be enhanced up to a level of DM?" In this paper, we discuss our experimental analysis in this regard. We applied elementary image enhancement techniques to obtain enhanced SFM. We performed the quality analysis of DM and enhanced SFM using standard metrics like PSNR and RMSE on more than 350 mammograms. We also used mean opinion score (MOS) analysis to evaluate enhanced SFMs. The results showed that the clarity of processed SFM is as good as DM. Furthermore, we analyzed the extent of radiation exposed during SFM and DM. We presented our literally findings and clinical observations.

scholarly journals Observational and Reported Measures of Language and Pragmatics in Young People with Autism: A Comparison of Respondent Data and Gender Profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sturrock ◽  
Antonia Marsden ◽  
Catherine Adams ◽  
Jenny Freed
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performance Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Better Than

AbstractFemale children with autism spectrum disorder (FwASD) and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) over 70 were compared with male children with ASD (MwASD) and typically developing (TD) controls (age 8–11 years) using a range of language and pragmatic measures. Functional ability was assessed using clinical observations and parent, teacher and self-reports. Results were compared between measures, and with direct assessments of language and pragmatics, in order to identify potential biases. This study found that FwASD performed better than MwASD but worse than TD controls on clinical observations of pragmatic ability. FwASD also performed worst overall on a parental measure of emotions. Additionally, there were patterns of differences between clinician, parent, teacher and self- reports and direct assessments, which indicate the need for assessment data to be collected from multiple informants. Findings also have implications for the accurate identification of ASD in females and appropriate provision of support.

The Effects of Meperidine and Sufentanil on the Shivering Threshold in Postoperative Patients 

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Alfonsi ◽  
Daniel I. Sessler ◽  
Bertrand Du Manoir ◽  
Jean-Claude Levron ◽  
Jean-Pierre Le Moing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Potency Ratio ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Mu Receptor ◽  
Target Plasma ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Better Than

Unlabelled BACKGROUND. Meperidine (pethidine) reportedly treats postoperative shivering better than equianalgesic doses of other mu-receptor agonists. The authors' first goal was to develop a method to accurately determine postoperative shivering thresholds, and then to determine the extent to which meperidine and sufentanil inhibit postoperative shivering. Methods A computer-controlled infusion was started before operation in 30 patients, with target plasma concentrations of 0.15, 0.30, or 0.60 microg/ml meperidine or 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 ng/ ml sufentanil targeted; patients were randomly assigned to each drug and concentration. The infusion was continued throughout surgery and recovery. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and isoflurane. Core temperatures were approximately 34 degrees C by the end of surgery. The compensated core temperature at which visible shivering and a 20% decrease in steady-state oxygen consumption was recorded identified the shivering threshold. A blood sample for opioid concentration was obtained from each patient at this time. The ability of each opioid to reduce the shivering threshold was evaluated using linear regression. Results End-tidal isoflurane concentrations were <0.2% in each group at the time of extubation, and shivering occurred approximately 1 h later. Meperidine linearly decreased the shivering threshold: threshold (degrees C) = -2.8 x [meperidine (microg/ml)] + 36.2; r2 = 0.64, P = 0.0005. Sufentanil also linearly decreased the shivering threshold: threshold (degrees C) = -7.8 x [sufentanil (ng/ ml)] + 36.9; r2 = 0.46, P = 0.02. Conclusions At a given dose, sufentanil inhibited shivering 2,800 times better than meperidine. However, the equianalgesic ratio of these drugs is approximately 4,900. That is, meperidine inhibited shivering better than would be expected based on the equianalgesic potency ratio. These data are thus consistent with clinical observations suggesting that meperidine indeed possesses special antishivering activity.

scholarly journals Predicting the need for escalation of care or death from repeated daily clinical observations and laboratory results in patients with SARS-CoV-2 during 2020: a retrospective population-based cohort study from the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J Crooks ◽  
Joe West ◽  
Andrew Fogarty ◽  
Joanne R Morling ◽  
Matthew J Grainge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Early Warning Score ◽  
Good Discrimination ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Better Than

Objectives: Currently used prognostic tools for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are based on clinical and laboratory parameters measured at a single point in time, usually on admission. We aimed to determine how dynamic changes in clinical and laboratory parameters relate to SARS-CoV-2 prognosis. Design: retrospective, observational cohort study using routinely collected clinical data to model the dynamic change in prognosis of SARS-CoV-2. Setting: a single, large hospital in England. Participants: all patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 admitted to Nottingham University Hospitals (NUH) NHS Trust, UK from 1st February 2020 until 30th November 2020. Main outcome measures: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, death and discharge from hospital. Statistical Methods: We split patients into 1st (admissions until 30th June) and 2nd (admissions thereafter) waves. We incorporated all clinical observations, blood tests and other covariates from electronic patient records and follow up until death or 30 days from the point of hospital discharge. We modelled daily risk of admission to ICU or death with a time varying Cox proportional hazards model. Results: 2,964 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were included. Of 1,374 admitted during the 1st wave, 593 were eligible for ICU escalation, and 466 had near complete ascertainment of all covariates at admission. Our validation sample included 1,590 confirmed cases, of whom 958 were eligible for ICU admission. Our model had good discrimination of daily need for ICU admission or death (C statistic = 0.87 (IQR 0.85-0.90)) and predicted this daily prognosis better than previously published scores (NEWS2, ISCARIC 4C). In validation in the 2nd wave the score overestimated escalation (calibration slope 0.55), whilst retaining a linear relationship and good discrimination (C statistic = 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 -0.95)). Conclusions: A bespoke SARS-CoV-2 escalation risk prediction score can predict need for clinical escalation better than a generic early warning score or a single estimation of risk at admission.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Localization of immunolabels by electron microscopy and image averaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Top View ◽  
Better Than

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Electron Microscopic Observation of the Longitudinal Organization of Poly (p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aromatic Polyamides ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

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