The Effects of MK-801 on Spatial Working Memory and Within-Session Spatial Learning

BackgroundTwin studies have lacked statistical power to apply advanced genetic modelling techniques to the search for cognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.AimsTo quantify the shared genetic variability between bipolar disorder and cognitive measures.MethodStructural equation modelling was performed on cognitive data collected from 331 twins/siblings of varying genetic relatedness, disease status and concordance for bipolar disorder.ResultsUsing a parsimonious AE model, verbal episodic and spatial working memory showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.23|–|0.27|), which lost statistical significance after covarying for affective symptoms. Using an ACE model, IQ and visual-spatial learning showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.51|–|1.00|), which remained significant after covarying for affective symptoms.ConclusionsVerbal episodic and spatial working memory capture a modest fraction of the bipolar diathesis. IQ and visual-spatial learning may tap into genetic substrates of non-affective symptomatology in bipolar disorder.

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The Effects of Intraoperative Hypothermia on Postoperative Cognitive Function in the Rat Hippocampus and Its Possible Mechanisms

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci12010096 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Guangyan Xu ◽

Tianjia Li ◽

Yuguang Huang

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Synaptic Plasticity ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Spatial Learning And Memory ◽

Intraoperative Hypothermia

Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication during operations and is associated with several adverse events. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and its adverse consequences have drawn increasing attention in recent years. There are currently no relevant studies investigating the correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intraoperative hypothermia on postoperative cognitive function in rats undergoing exploratory laparotomies and to investigate the possible related mechanisms. We used the Y-maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests to assess the rats’ postoperative spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. The morphological changes in hippocampal neurons were examined by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related protein expression. Activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB), S133-phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB [S133]), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1), and S831-phosphorylated AMPAR1 (p-AMPAR1 [S831]) were evaluated by Western blotting. Our results suggest a correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD in rats and that intraoperative hypothermia may lead to POCD regarding impairments in spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. POCD induced by intraoperative hypothermia might be due to hippocampal neurons damage and decreased expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins Arc, p-CREB (S133), and p-AMPAR1 (S831).

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Sharp wave/ripple network oscillations and learning-associated hippocampal maps

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2012.0528 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 369 (1635) ◽

pp. 20120528 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jozsef Csicsvari ◽

David Dupret

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Recent Work ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Maps ◽

Cell Assembly ◽

Related Function ◽

Sharp Wave ◽

Network Oscillations

Sharp wave/ripple (SWR, 150–250 Hz) hippocampal events have long been postulated to be involved in memory consolidation. However, more recent work has investigated SWRs that occur during active waking behaviour: findings that suggest that SWRs may also play a role in cell assembly strengthening or spatial working memory. Do such theories of SWR function apply to animal learning? This review discusses how general theories linking SWRs to memory-related function may explain circuit mechanisms related to rodent spatial learning and to the associated stabilization of new cognitive maps.

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Awake hippocampal-prefrontal replay mediates spatial learning and decision making

10.1101/632042 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Justin D. Shin ◽

Wenbo Tang ◽

Shantanu P. Jadhav

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Working Memory ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Place Cells ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Retrospective Evaluation ◽

Directed Learning ◽

Selection Of ◽

Alternation Task

SUMMARYSpatial learning requires remembering and choosing paths to goals. Hippocampal place cells replay spatial paths during immobility in reverse and forward order, offering a potential mechanism. However, how replay mediates both goal-directed learning and memory-guided decision making is unclear. We therefore continuously tracked replay in the same hippocampal-prefrontal ensembles throughout learning of a spatial alternation task. We found that during pauses between behavioral trajectories, awake reverse and forward hippocampal replay consistently mediated an internal cognitive search of all available past and future possibilities, and exhibited opposing learning gradients for prediction of past and future behavioral paths, respectively. Coordinated hippocampal-prefrontal replay mediated recall of correct past paths and selection of future choices leading to reward based on the hippocampal cognitive search, executing spatial working memory rules. Our findings reveal a learning shift from hippocampal reverse-replay-based retrospective evaluation to forward-replay-based prospective planning, with prefrontal filtering of memory-guided paths for learning and decision-making.

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Differential prioritization of intramaze cue and boundary information during spatial navigation across the human lifespan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94530-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Franka Glöckner ◽

Nicolas W. Schuck ◽

Shu-Chen Li

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Working Memory Capacity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Older Children ◽

Human Lifespan ◽

Boundary Information

AbstractSpatial learning can be based on intramaze cues and environmental boundaries. These processes are predominantly subserved by striatal- and hippocampal-dependent circuitries, respectively. Maturation and aging processes in these brain regions may affect lifespan differences in their contributions to spatial learning. We independently manipulated an intramaze cue or the environment’s boundary in a navigation task in 27 younger children (6–8 years), 30 older children (10–13 years), 29 adolescents (15–17 years), 29 younger adults (20–35 years) and 26 older adults (65–80 years) to investigate lifespan age differences in the relative prioritization of either information. Whereas learning based on an intramaze cue showed earlier maturation during the progression from younger to later childhood and remained relatively stable across adulthood, maturation of boundary-based learning was more protracted towards peri-adolescence and showed strong aging-related decline. Furthermore, individual differences in prioritizing intramaze cue- over computationally more demanding boundary-based learning was positively associated with cognitive processing fluctuations and this association was partially mediated by spatial working memory capacity during adult, but not during child development. This evidence reveals different age gradients of two modes of spatial learning across the lifespan, which seem further influenced by individual differences in cognitive processing fluctuations and working memory, particularly during aging.

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Low dose of 1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) attenuates MK-801-induced spatial working memory impairment in mice

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/bf02249345 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 520-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Tangui Maurice ◽

Masayuki Hiramatsu ◽

Jiro Itoh ◽

Tsutomu Kameyama ◽

Takaaki Hasegawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Low Dose ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Mk 801

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Treadmill Exercise Prevents Decline in Spatial Learning and Memory in 3×Tg-AD Mice through Enhancement of Structural Synaptic Plasticity of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells11020244 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 244

Author(s):

Lianwei Mu ◽

Jiajia Cai ◽

Boya Gu ◽

Laikang Yu ◽

Cui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Synaptic Plasticity ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Treadmill Exercise ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Spatial Learning And Memory ◽

Pathological Feature ◽

Dendritic Complexity

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by deficits in learning and memory. A pathological feature of AD is the alterations in the number and size of synapses, axon length, dendritic complexity, and dendritic spine numbers in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Treadmill exercise can enhance synaptic plasticity in mouse or rat models of stroke, ischemia, and dementia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill exercise on learning and memory, and structural synaptic plasticity in 3×Tg-AD mice, a mouse model of AD. Here, we show that 12 weeks treadmill exercise beginning in three-month-old mice improves spatial working memory in six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice, while non-exercise six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice exhibited impaired spatial working memory. To investigate potential mechanisms for the treadmill exercise-induced improvement of spatial learning and memory, we examined structural synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice that had undergone 12 weeks of treadmill exercise. We found that treadmill exercise led to increases in synapse numbers, synaptic structural parameters, the expression of synaptophysin (Syn, a presynaptic marker), the axon length, dendritic complexity, and the number of dendritic spines in 3×Tg-AD mice and restored these parameters to similar levels of non-Tg control mice without treadmill exercise. In addition, treadmill exercise also improved these parameters in non-Tg control mice. Strengthening structural synaptic plasticity may represent a potential mechanism by which treadmill exercise prevents decline in spatial learning and memory and synapse loss in 3×Tg-AD mice.

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