scholarly journals Sharp wave/ripple network oscillations and learning-associated hippocampal maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1635) ◽  
pp. 20120528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef Csicsvari ◽  
David Dupret
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cell Assembly ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Network Oscillations

Sharp wave/ripple (SWR, 150–250 Hz) hippocampal events have long been postulated to be involved in memory consolidation. However, more recent work has investigated SWRs that occur during active waking behaviour: findings that suggest that SWRs may also play a role in cell assembly strengthening or spatial working memory. Do such theories of SWR function apply to animal learning? This review discusses how general theories linking SWRs to memory-related function may explain circuit mechanisms related to rodent spatial learning and to the associated stabilization of new cognitive maps.

SK-PC-B70M from Pulsatilla koreana improves scopolamine-induced impairments of memory consolidation and spatial working memory

2007 ◽  
Vol 1184 ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Kyun Han ◽  
Yang Hae Park ◽  
Da-Qing Jin ◽  
Yoo Kyeong Hwang ◽  
Ki-Bong Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory

scholarly journals New insights into the endophenotypic status of cognition in bipolar disorder: Genetic modelling study of twins and siblings

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Georgiades ◽  
Fruhling Rijsdijk ◽  
Fergus Kane ◽  
Irene Rebollo-Mesa ◽  
Sridevi Kalidindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Modelling

BackgroundTwin studies have lacked statistical power to apply advanced genetic modelling techniques to the search for cognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.AimsTo quantify the shared genetic variability between bipolar disorder and cognitive measures.MethodStructural equation modelling was performed on cognitive data collected from 331 twins/siblings of varying genetic relatedness, disease status and concordance for bipolar disorder.ResultsUsing a parsimonious AE model, verbal episodic and spatial working memory showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.23|–|0.27|), which lost statistical significance after covarying for affective symptoms. Using an ACE model, IQ and visual-spatial learning showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.51|–|1.00|), which remained significant after covarying for affective symptoms.ConclusionsVerbal episodic and spatial working memory capture a modest fraction of the bipolar diathesis. IQ and visual-spatial learning may tap into genetic substrates of non-affective symptomatology in bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals The Effects of Intraoperative Hypothermia on Postoperative Cognitive Function in the Rat Hippocampus and Its Possible Mechanisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Guangyan Xu ◽  
Tianjia Li ◽  
Yuguang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Intraoperative Hypothermia

Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication during operations and is associated with several adverse events. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and its adverse consequences have drawn increasing attention in recent years. There are currently no relevant studies investigating the correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intraoperative hypothermia on postoperative cognitive function in rats undergoing exploratory laparotomies and to investigate the possible related mechanisms. We used the Y-maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests to assess the rats’ postoperative spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. The morphological changes in hippocampal neurons were examined by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related protein expression. Activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB), S133-phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB [S133]), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1), and S831-phosphorylated AMPAR1 (p-AMPAR1 [S831]) were evaluated by Western blotting. Our results suggest a correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD in rats and that intraoperative hypothermia may lead to POCD regarding impairments in spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. POCD induced by intraoperative hypothermia might be due to hippocampal neurons damage and decreased expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins Arc, p-CREB (S133), and p-AMPAR1 (S831).

scholarly journals Awake hippocampal-prefrontal replay mediates spatial learning and decision making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Shin ◽  
Wenbo Tang ◽  
Shantanu P. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Alternation Task

SUMMARYSpatial learning requires remembering and choosing paths to goals. Hippocampal place cells replay spatial paths during immobility in reverse and forward order, offering a potential mechanism. However, how replay mediates both goal-directed learning and memory-guided decision making is unclear. We therefore continuously tracked replay in the same hippocampal-prefrontal ensembles throughout learning of a spatial alternation task. We found that during pauses between behavioral trajectories, awake reverse and forward hippocampal replay consistently mediated an internal cognitive search of all available past and future possibilities, and exhibited opposing learning gradients for prediction of past and future behavioral paths, respectively. Coordinated hippocampal-prefrontal replay mediated recall of correct past paths and selection of future choices leading to reward based on the hippocampal cognitive search, executing spatial working memory rules. Our findings reveal a learning shift from hippocampal reverse-replay-based retrospective evaluation to forward-replay-based prospective planning, with prefrontal filtering of memory-guided paths for learning and decision-making.

scholarly journals Differential prioritization of intramaze cue and boundary information during spatial navigation across the human lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Glöckner ◽  
Nicolas W. Schuck ◽  
Shu-Chen Li
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Boundary Information

AbstractSpatial learning can be based on intramaze cues and environmental boundaries. These processes are predominantly subserved by striatal- and hippocampal-dependent circuitries, respectively. Maturation and aging processes in these brain regions may affect lifespan differences in their contributions to spatial learning. We independently manipulated an intramaze cue or the environment’s boundary in a navigation task in 27 younger children (6–8 years), 30 older children (10–13 years), 29 adolescents (15–17 years), 29 younger adults (20–35 years) and 26 older adults (65–80 years) to investigate lifespan age differences in the relative prioritization of either information. Whereas learning based on an intramaze cue showed earlier maturation during the progression from younger to later childhood and remained relatively stable across adulthood, maturation of boundary-based learning was more protracted towards peri-adolescence and showed strong aging-related decline. Furthermore, individual differences in prioritizing intramaze cue- over computationally more demanding boundary-based learning was positively associated with cognitive processing fluctuations and this association was partially mediated by spatial working memory capacity during adult, but not during child development. This evidence reveals different age gradients of two modes of spatial learning across the lifespan, which seem further influenced by individual differences in cognitive processing fluctuations and working memory, particularly during aging.

scholarly journals Impaired Hippocampal-cortical interactions during sleep and memory reactivation without consolidation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Benthem ◽  
I. Skelin ◽  
S. C. Moseley ◽  
J. R. Dixon ◽  
A. S. Melilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Spatial Reorientation

AbstractSpatial learning is impaired in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We reported similar impairments in 3xTg-AD mice learning a spatial reorientation task. Memory reactivation during sleep is critical for learning related plasticity, and memory consolidation is correlated with hippocampal sharp wave ripple (SWR) density, cortical delta waves (DWs), and their temporal coupling - postulated as a physiological substrate of memory consolidation. Finally, hippocampal-cortical dyscoordination is prevalent in individuals with AD. Thus, we hypothesized impaired memory consolidation mechanisms in hippocampal-cortical networks could account for spatial memory deficits. We assessed sleep architecture, SWR/DW dynamics and memory reactivation in a mouse model of tauopathy and amyloidosis implanted with a recording array targeting isocortex and hippocampus. Mice underwent daily recording sessions of rest-task-rest while learning the spatial reorientation task. We assessed memory reactivation by matching activity patterns from the approach to the unmarked reward zone to patterns during slow wave sleep (SWS). AD mice had more SWS, but reduced SWR density. The increased SWS compensated for reduced SWR density so there was no reduction in SWR number. Conversely, DW density was not reduced so the number of DWs was increased. In control mice hippocampal SWR-cortical DW coupling was strengthened in post-task-sleep and was correlated with performance on the spatial reorientation task the following day. However, in AD mice SWR-DW coupling was reduced and not correlated with behavior, suggesting behavioral decoupling. Thus, reduced SWR-DW coupling may cause impaired learning in AD and may serve as a biomarker for early AD related changes.Significance StatementUnderstanding the relationship between network dynamics and cognition early in Alzheimer’s disease progression is critical for identifying therapeutic targets for earlier treatment. We assessed hippocampal-cortical interactions during sleep in AD mice as a potential cause of early spatial learning and memory deficits. We identified compensatory sleep changes in AD mice, that ameliorated some brain dysfunction. Despite the compensatory changes, impaired spatial navigation and impaired hippocampal–cortical (sharp wave ripple-delta wave) interactions were apparent in AD mice. In control but not AD mice hippocampal-cortical interactions were correlated with performance on the spatial task, the following day, suggesting a potential mechanism of impaired consolidation in AD mice. Thus, changes in hippocampal-cortical brain dynamics during sleep may underlie early memory deficits in AD.

scholarly journals Treadmill Exercise Prevents Decline in Spatial Learning and Memory in 3×Tg-AD Mice through Enhancement of Structural Synaptic Plasticity of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

Cells ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Lianwei Mu ◽  
Jiajia Cai ◽  
Boya Gu ◽  
Laikang Yu ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Dendritic Complexity

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by deficits in learning and memory. A pathological feature of AD is the alterations in the number and size of synapses, axon length, dendritic complexity, and dendritic spine numbers in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Treadmill exercise can enhance synaptic plasticity in mouse or rat models of stroke, ischemia, and dementia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill exercise on learning and memory, and structural synaptic plasticity in 3×Tg-AD mice, a mouse model of AD. Here, we show that 12 weeks treadmill exercise beginning in three-month-old mice improves spatial working memory in six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice, while non-exercise six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice exhibited impaired spatial working memory. To investigate potential mechanisms for the treadmill exercise-induced improvement of spatial learning and memory, we examined structural synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of six-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice that had undergone 12 weeks of treadmill exercise. We found that treadmill exercise led to increases in synapse numbers, synaptic structural parameters, the expression of synaptophysin (Syn, a presynaptic marker), the axon length, dendritic complexity, and the number of dendritic spines in 3×Tg-AD mice and restored these parameters to similar levels of non-Tg control mice without treadmill exercise. In addition, treadmill exercise also improved these parameters in non-Tg control mice. Strengthening structural synaptic plasticity may represent a potential mechanism by which treadmill exercise prevents decline in spatial learning and memory and synapse loss in 3×Tg-AD mice.

scholarly journals Dentate network activity is necessary for spatial working memory by supporting CA3 sharp-wave ripple generation and prospective firing of CA3 neurons

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Sasaki ◽  
Verónica C. Piatti ◽  
Ernie Hwaun ◽  
Siavash Ahmadi ◽  
John E. Lisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Ca3 Neurons

Working Memory and Number Sense as Predictors of Mathematical (Dis-)Ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Kroesbergen ◽  
Marloes van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Mathematical Learning ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mathematical Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial Working Memory ◽  
And Mathematics

Recent research has pointed to two possible causes of mathematical (dis-)ability: working memory and number sense, although only few studies have compared the relations between working memory and mathematics and between number sense and mathematics. In this study, both constructs were studied in relation to mathematics in general, and to mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) in particular. The sample consisted of 154 children aged between 6 and 10 years, including 26 children with MLD. Children performing low on either number sense or visual-spatial working memory scored lower on math tests than children without such a weakness. Children with a double weakness scored the lowest. These results confirm the important role of both visual-spatial working memory and number sense in mathematical development.

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