00/02405 Use of thermogravimetry for classification of chemical nature of deposits of petroleum industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-273
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Petroleum Industry

USE OF THERMOGRAVIMETRY FOR CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL NATURE OF DEPOSITS OF PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Gomes Teixeira ◽  
Maria Luísa Aleixo Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Petroleum Industry

The Chemistry Of Antibiofilm Phytocompounds.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Sayantani Garai ◽  
Rina Rani Ray
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Uses

: Phytocompounds are long known for their therapeutic uses due to their competence as antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of these bioactive compounds manifests their ability as an antibiofilm agent and is thereby proved to be competent to treat the wide spread of biofilm-associated chronic infections. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has made the treatment of these infections almost impossible by conventional antibiotic therapy, which forced in the switch over to the use of phytocompounds. The present overview deals with the classification of the huge array of phytocompounds according to their chemical nature, detection of their target pathogen, and elucidation of their mode of action.

scholarly journals Application of self organizing map in construction, geology and petroleum industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (K4) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Tung Son Pham ◽  
Huy Minh Truong ◽  
Tuan Ba Pham
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Som Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Data ◽  
Self Organizing

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an emerging subject and been recognized as the flagship of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. AI is subtly growing and becoming vital in our daily life. Particularly, Self-Organizing Map (SOM), one of the major branches of AI, is a useful tool for clustering data and has been applied successfully and widespread in various aspects of human life such as psychology, economic, medical and technical fields like mechanical, construction and geology. In this paper, the primary purpose of the authors is to introduce SOM algorithm and its practical applications in geology and construction. The results are classification of rock facies versus depth in geology and clustering two sets of construction prices indices and building material costs indice.

scholarly journals Biological Mechanisms of S-Nitrosothiol Formation and Degradation: How Is Specificity of S-Nitrosylation Achieved?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Massa ◽  
Ziping Liu ◽  
Sheryse Taylor ◽  
Ashley P. Pettit ◽  
Marena N. Stakheyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Biological Chemistry ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Intermediate ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
The Impact

The modification of protein cysteine residues underlies some of the diverse biological functions of nitric oxide (NO) in physiology and disease. The formation of stable nitrosothiols occurs under biologically relevant conditions and time scales. However, the factors that determine the selective nature of this modification remain poorly understood, making it difficult to predict thiol targets and thus construct informatics networks. In this review, the biological chemistry of NO will be considered within the context of nitrosothiol formation and degradation whilst considering how specificity is achieved in this important post-translational modification. Since nitrosothiol formation requires a formal one-electron oxidation, a classification of reaction mechanisms is proposed regarding which species undergoes electron abstraction: NO, thiol or S-NO radical intermediate. Relevant kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanistic considerations will be examined and the impact of sources of NO and the chemical nature of potential reaction targets is also discussed.

Chemical-Environmental Characterization of Waste Coming from Petroleum Industry for Application in Clay Ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 1053-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno C.A. Pinheiro ◽  
J.N.F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Petroleum Waste ◽  
Environmental Characterization ◽  
Clay Ceramics

The petroleum industry generates huge amounts of oily sludge during the process of oil and gas extraction. This waste is a pollutant material that can cause environmental damage. Because of this, it has been treated with bentonite clay, being referred as encapsulated petroleum waste. In this work the chemical-environmental characterization and classification of the petroleum waste were done according to ABNT standards. The results indicated that the encapsulated petroleum waste should be classified as Class IIA – “No Inert”. Therefore, it could be used in manufacture of ceramic products for civil construction.

scholarly journals Stability of Bituminous Emulsion Induced by Waste Based Bio-Surfactant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Michele Porto ◽  
Paolino Caputo ◽  
Abraham A. Abe ◽  
Valeria Loise ◽  
Cesare Oliviero Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Right

In the asphalt industry, bituminous emulsions are widely used in road pavement operations and in building/construction processes such as cold mix asphalt and waterproofing processes, respectively. A very important fact to keep in mind is that not all types of bitumen are suitable for the realization of bituminous emulsions. This is largely due to the variation in their chemical nature and the different cracking processes carried out on the bitumen during the fractional distillation process in the petroleum industry. The objective of this study is to identify the underlying causes of the non-emulsionability of bitumen using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Dynamic Shear Rheology (DSR) analysis. NMR analysis aims at identifying the fundamental chemical components that are responsible for the emulsionability of the bitumen binder and how important their role is in this phenomenon. On the other hand, the DSR analysis is aimed at determining if the rheological (viscoelastic) behavior of bitumen is implicated in its emulsionability. The indications gotten from the data produced by these techniques, enable us as soon as the analyzed bitumen is deemed non-emulsionable to identify what type of additive can be used to modify the bitumen and alleviate its non-emulsionability until a point where its chemical components become ideal for the realization of bituminous emulsions. In this research work, a model bitumen (labelled as Cimar) which is known for its excellently high emulsionability in the production of anionic bituminous emulsions was used as the reference sample. Two bitumens (labelled as Adriatica and Alma) which from preliminary testing were deemed non-emulsionable were alongside the additives selected and subjected to the aforementioned techniques for analysis on their emulsionability. The NMR data obtained allowed the identification of the chemical nature of the components of the analyzed bitumens and the design of the right additive which improves the bitumen and makes it suitable for the preparation of emulsions. In addition to these, a largely uncommon however effective method of acid number determination of bitumen gave indications on an underlying factor which largely influences the emulsionability of bitumen. An aliphatic and an aromatic surfactant were identified thanks to the spectroscopic findings in this study.

EXPLORATION SUSTAINING DEVELOPMENT—TAXATION CONSIDERATIONS

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Tim Wade
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Case

As we move towards the year 2000, an important consideration in the minds of the major players in Australia's petroleum industry will be the impact of Australia's taxation system. It is essential for the sustenance and encouragement of exploration for petroleum that the taxation system does not adversely impinge upon investment decisions.Over the recent past a number of issues have arisen which impact petroleum exploration and development. Briefly these are as follows:Income Tax Ruling IT 2642 provides the views of the Commissioner of Taxation in relation to the deductibility and classification of exploration expenditure. This has implications for the tax treatment of expenditure incurred in the petroleum industry.Provisions allow for the costs of environmental impact studies to be written off over the life of the project or 10 years, whichever is the lesser. These provisions will only apply where a taxpayer is not able to obtain a deduction under any other provision of the Act (there may be an overlap with the provisions governing petroleum exploration expenditure deductions). New provisions now also provide an outright deduction for expenditure incurred on or after 1 July 1991 in relation to rehabilitating a petroleum site and for expenditure incurred on or after 19 August 1992 on Environment Protection Expenditure.Recent amendments to the Research and Development ("R&D") provisions now make it clear that the R&D tax concession does not apply to petroleum prospecting or exploration expenditure. These amendments are retrospective from 1 July 1985.In addition to these developments, petroleum companies have been forced to contend with an enormous array of new taxes, new rules, new interpretations and new practices (including continuing Large Case Tax Audits). The stifling effect of these developments has inevitably resulted in large capital hungry companies pursuing offshore opportunities.

scholarly journals Microplastic and Fibre Contamination in a Remote Mountain Lake in Switzerland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2410
Author(s):  
Angel de Jesús Negrete Velasco ◽  
Lionel Rard ◽  
Wilfried Blois ◽  
David Lebrun ◽  
Franck Lebrun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Remote Environment ◽  
Aerial Deposition

The contamination of aquatic environments by microplastics has been largely documented in the last years, especially in oceans, rivers, and lakes, but their occurrence in remote mountain lakes has been scarcely considered. This work aims to investigate the presence and abundance of microplastics and fibres in a remote, alpine, and uninhabited lake in Switzerland (Sassolo). In this study, the water column as well as the sediments were analysed. The isolation of microplastics and fibres from the samples of the sediment was achieved with a digestion process using H2O2 and a density separation technique with NaI. Classification of microparticles (from 5 mm to 125 μm) was first developed with an optical microscope. Infrared spectroscopy was then used to identify and characterize the chemical nature of the microplastics and fibres. On average, 2.6 microplastics and 4.4 fibres per litre were identified in the water column. On the other hand, the results of the sediment samples revealed significant fibre concentrations compared to plastic microparticles (514 fibres and 33 microplastics per kilogram). The most abundant types of microplastic identified in the samples were composed of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Microplastic and fibre sources were not determined, but it is likely that the number of human activities in this area as well as aerial deposition are contributing to contaminate this remote environment with microplastics and fibres.

scholarly journals Characterization of AL amyloid protein identified by immunoelectron microscopy: a simple method using the protein A-gold technique.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Toyoda ◽  
S Kita ◽  
K Furiya ◽  
Y Osamura
Keyword(s):  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Al Amyloid

The classification of amyloidosis depends on the chemical nature of the specific amyloid protein involved. Because AL amyloid protein consists mainly of variable regions of light chain (LC), immunohistochemical staining with conventional anti-LC antisera cannot identify its protein. We were able to classify three cases of AL amyloidosis, including one case of AL-kappa LC and two cases of AL-lambda LC, using post-embedding protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy on autopsy-derived tissues. We describe here our procedure in which a protein A-gold staining apparatus was used. The main advantage of this method is that many sections can be stained and washed simultaneously under the same conditions. These results suggest that the post-embedding protein A-gold technique using conventional kappa or lambda LC may be useful in diagnosing AL amyloidosis.

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