98/03150 Characteristics of disintegration of a liquid fuel jet across a high-temperature and high-speed airstream (1st report, spray shape obtained by ejecting the liquid fuel)

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 291
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Jet

Experimental Investigation of Flow Phenomena of a Single Fuel Jet in Cross-Flow During Highly Preheated Air Combustion Conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Mörtberg ◽  
Wlodzimierz Blasiak ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
High Temperature Air Combustion ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
High Temperature Combustion

Particle image velocimetry and a spectroscopy technique has been used to obtain information on the flow dynamics and flame thermal signatures of a fuel jet injected into a cross-flow of normal temperature and very high-temperature combustion air. Flame fluctuations were obtained using a high-speed camera and then performing fast Fourier transform on the signal. High-temperature air combustion has been demonstrated to provide significant energy savings, higher heat flux, and reduction of pollution and equipment size of industrial furnaces. The dynamics of flow associated with high temperature combustion air conditions (for mean velocity, axial strain rate and vorticity) has been obtained in two-dimensional using propane and methane as the fuels. The data have been compared with normal temperature combustion air case, including the nonburning case. A specially designed experimental test furnace facility was used to provide well-controlled conditions and allowed air preheats to 1100°C using regenerative burners. Four different experimental cases have been examined. The momentum flux ratio between the burning and nonburning conditions was kept constant to provide comparison between cases. The results provide the role of high-temperature combustion air on the dynamics of the flow, turbulence, and mixing under nonburning and combustion conditions. The data provide the direct role of combustion on flow dynamics, turbulence, and flame fluctuations. High-temperature combustion air at low-oxygen concentration showed larger flame volume with less fluctuation than normal or high-temperature normal air cases. High-temperature combustion air technology prolongs mixing in the combustion zone to enhance the flame volume, reduce flame fluctuations, and to provide uniform flow and thermal characteristics. This information assists in model validation and model development for new applications and technology development using high-temperature air combustion principles.

Investigation of A Low Emission Liquid Fueled Reverse-Cross-Flow Combustor

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preetam Sharma ◽  
Naman Jain ◽  
Vaibhav Kumar Arghode
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Jet

The investigated combustor employs injection of liquid fuel (ethanol) into the strong cross-flow of air using a round tube to achieve effective fuel atomization in non-premixed mode of operation. The reverse-flow configuration (air injection from the exit end) allows effective internal product gas recirculation and stabilization of the reaction zone. This apparently suppresses near-stoichiometric reactions and hot spot regions resulting in low pollutant (NOx and CO) emissions in the non-premixed mode. The combustor was tested at thermal intensity variation from 19 to 39 MW/m3 atm with direct injection (DI) of liquid fuel in cross-flow of air injection with two fuel injection diameters of 0.5 mm (D1) and 0.8 mm (D2). The combustion process was found to be stable with NOx emissions of 8 ppm (for D1) and 9 ppm (for D2), the CO emissions were 90 ppm for D1 and 120 ppm for D2, at an equivalence ratio (ϕ) of 0.7. Macroscopic spray properties of the fuel jet in cross-flow were investigated using high-speed imaging techniques in unconfined and nonreacting conditions. It was found that the fuel jet in smaller fuel injection diameter (D1) case penetrated farther than that in D2 case due to higher fuel injection momentum, thus possibly resulting in a finer spray and better fuel-oxidizer mixing, and in turn leading to lower CO and NOx emissions in the D1 case as compared with the D2 case.

Visualization of Pulsed Aerated Liquid Jet in Supersonic Cross Flow

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sapmaz ◽  
B. Alkan ◽  
C. X. Lin ◽  
C. Ghenai
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Jet Penetration

The success of supersonic air-breathing propulsion systems will be largely dependent on efficient injection, mixing, and combustion inside the supersonic combustion chamber. Fuel/air mixing enhancement inside the combustion chamber will depend on the strategies used to control the fuel jet penetration and liquid fuel droplet size, trajectory, and dispersion. We present in these paper experimental results on the mixing of pure liquid jet, aerated liquid jet and pulsed aerated liquid jet in supersonic cross flow. Transverse aerated liquid jet injection will offer relatively rapid near-field mixing, good fuel penetration and better atomization of liquid fuel. Fully modulated or pulsed fuel jet injection will introduce additional supplementary turbulent mixing. High speed imaging system is used in this study for the visualization of the injection of liquid jet in high speed cross flow. The results presented in this paper show the effect of jet/cross flow momentum ratio, the gas/liquid mass ratio and pulsing frequency on the penetration of aerated liquid jet in supersonic cross-flow. The data generated in this study will be used for the development of active control strategies to optimize the liquid fuel jet penetration and supersonic fuel/air mixing.

Penetration of Aerated Liquid Fuel Jet in Supersonic Cross Flow

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ghenai ◽  
H. Sapmaz ◽  
C. X. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Liquid Mass ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Jet Penetration

The success of supersonic air-breathing propulsion systems will be largely dependent on efficient injection, mixing, and combustion inside the supersonic combustion chamber. Fuel/air mixing enhancement inside the combustion chamber will depend on the strategies used to control the fuel jet penetration and liquid fuel droplet size, trajectory, and dispersion. We present in this paper experimental results on the penetration and mixing of aerated liquid fuel jet in supersonic cross flow (M=1.5). The aerated liquid jet or the barbotage technique where a small amount of gas is added to the liquid fuel will accelerate the atomization of the liquid jet and offer a good fuel penetration. High speed imaging system is used in this study for the visualization of pure and aerated liquid jet. For the aerated liquid jet the gas/liquid mass ratio was varied between 0 and 9.9 %. The results presented in this paper shows the effect of jet/cross flow momentum ratio, and gas/liquid mass ratio on the structure and penetration of aerated liquid jet (methanol) in high speed cross flow. The data generated in this study are used for the development of active control strategies to optimize the liquid fuel jet penetration and supersonic fuel/air mixing.

ALX ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Cobalt Base

Abstract ALX is a composition of nonferrous materials with a cobalt base containing chromium, tungsten and carbon. This alloy is commonly supplied in the cast-to-shape form, having an as-cast hardness of Rockwell C60-62 and requiring no further heat treatment. ALX is also supplied as cast tool bit material and is useful where conventional high-speed steels or carbides do not function effectively. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Co-35. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

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