Association of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health, and the role of socioeconomic factors: analysis of a prospective cohort study

The Lancet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. S43
Author(s):  
Lotte C Houtepen ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Matthew J Suderman ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D Howe
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and future self-rated health: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Jahn ◽  
Timmi K. Rysgaard ◽  
Johan Hviid Andersen ◽  
Trine Nøhr Winding
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Abstract Background Negative life events (re) occurring during childhood is often described as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and may have long-lasting negative effects on health. Previous studies on the association between ACEs and self-rated health (SRH) have primarily been focusing on chronic diseases in elderly, non-Scandinavian populations using a cross-sectional design. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between ACEs and SRH in early adulthood and to investigate if disadvantageous health-behavioral strategies explain the association between ACEs and SRH. Methods A prospective cohort study using data from The West Jutland Cohort Study (N = 2.255). Baseline data on exposure to ACEs were collected from surveys at the age of 15 and 18 and respondents were categorized into having experienced 0, 1–2, 3 or > 4 ACEs. The outcome SRH stems from surveys at the age of 21 and 28 and was dichotomized into moderate and good SRH. The association between ACE-categories and SRH at age 21 and 28 were analyzed separately by logistic regression with a two-step adjustment model, adjusting for potential confounders and disadvantageous health-behavioral strategies. Results More than half of the participants reported at least one ACE (56.3%) with “bullying” and “loss of parent, parental separation or divorce” being the most prevalent. Participants who reported > 4 ACEs, compared to those with 0 ACEs, had a 2.6-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.3; 5.1) of having moderate SRH at the age of 21, and a 2.7-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.4; 5.4) of moderate SRH at the age of 28 years, when adjusted for potential confounders. Further, small attenuations of the estimates were seen when adjusting for disadvantageous health-behavioral strategies. A significant exposure response relationship between the ACE-categories and moderate SRH were seen both at age 21 and 28. Conclusion The study showed an association between ACEs and moderate SRH in young adulthood, and experiencing multiple ACEs increased the odds of reporting moderate SRH. Information on ACEs could help identifying people with a higher risk of future health problems and accentuates a growing need for early prevention in homes with children who has experienced adverse events.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Adverse childhood experiences are associated with the risk of lung cancer: a prospective cohort study

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Brown ◽  
Robert F Anda ◽  
Vincent J Felitti ◽  
Valerie J Edwards ◽  
Ann Marie Malarcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences are associated with the risk of lung cancer: a prospective cohort study

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Brown ◽  
Robert F Anda ◽  
Vincent J Felitti ◽  
Valerie J Edwards ◽  
Ann Marie Malarcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences: associations with educational attainment and adolescent health, and the role of family and socioeconomic factors. Analysis of a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte C Houtepen ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Matthew J Suderman ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Catherine R Chittleborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

AbstractBackgroundExperiencing multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is a risk factor for many adverse outcomes. However, the role of family and socioeconomic factors in these associations is often overlooked.Methods and findingsUsing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we assess associations of ACE between birth and 16 years (sexual, physical or emotional abuse, emotional neglect, parental substance abuse, parental mental illness or suicide attempt, violence between parents, parental separation, bullying, and parental criminal conviction) with educational attainment at 16 years (n=9,959) and health at age 17 years (depression, obesity, harmful alcohol use, smoking and illicit drug use, n=4,917). We explore the extent to which associations are robust to adjustment for family and socioeconomic factors, whether associations differ according to socioeconomic factors, and estimate the proportion of adverse educational and health outcomes attributable to ACE, family or socioeconomic measures.There were strong associations of ACE with lower educational attainment and higher risk of depression, drug use and smoking. Associations with educational attainment attenuated after adjustment but remained strong. Associations with depression, drug use and smoking were not altered by adjustment. Associations of ACE with harmful alcohol use and obesity were weak. We found no evidence that associations differed by socioeconomic factors. Between 5-15% of the cases of adverse educational and health outcomes occur amongst people experiencing 4+ ACE, and between 1-19% occur in people whose mothers have a low level of education.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates strong associations between ACE and lower educational attainment and worse health that are independent of family and socioeconomic factors. Our findings imply that interventions that focus solely on ACE or solely on socioeconomic deprivation, whilst beneficial, would miss most cases of adverse educational and health outcomes. Intervention strategies should therefore target a wide range of relevant factors, including ACE, socioeconomic deprivation, parental substance use and mental health.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences are associated with increased risk of miscarriage in a national population-based cohort study in England

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451-1460
Author(s):  
Panayotes Demakakos ◽  
Eleni Linara-Demakakou ◽  
Gita D Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and the risk of miscarriage in the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER Specific ACE as well as the summary ACE score were associated with an increased risk of single and recurrent miscarriages. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is scarce evidence on the association between ACE and miscarriage risk. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a retrospective national cohort study. The sample consisted of 2795 women aged 55–89 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Our study was population-based and included women who participated in the ELSA Life History Interview in 2007. We estimated multinomial logistic regression models of the associations of the summary ACE score and eight individual ACE variables (pertaining to physical and sexual abuse, family dysfunction and experiences of living in residential care or with foster parents) with self-reported miscarriage (0, 1, ≥2 miscarriages). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Five hundred and fifty-three women (19.8% of our sample) had experienced at least one miscarriage in their lifetime. Compared with women with no ACE, women with ≥3 ACE were two times more likely to experience a single miscarriage in their lifetime (relative risk ratio 2.00, 95% CI 1.25–3.22) and more than three times more likely to experience recurrent miscarriages (≥2 miscarriages) (relative risk ratio 3.10, 95% CI 1.63, 5.89) after adjustment for birth cohort, age at menarche and childhood socioeconomic position. Childhood experiences of physical and sexual abuse were individually associated with increased risk of miscarriage. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the magnitude of the observed associations, their biological plausibility, temporal order and consistency with evidence suggesting a positive association between ACE and adverse reproductive outcomes, it is unlikely that our findings are spurious. Nevertheless, the observed associations should not be interpreted as causal as our study was observational and potentially susceptible to bias arising from unaccounted confounders. Non-response and ensuing selection bias may have also biased our findings. Retrospectively measured ACE are known to be susceptible to underreporting. Our study may have misclassified cases of ACE and possibly underestimated the magnitude of the association between ACE and the risk of miscarriage. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study highlights experiences of psychosocial adversity in childhood as a potential risk factor for single and recurrent miscarriages. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of childhood trauma in miscarriage and add an important life course dimension to the study of miscarriage. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) ELSA is currently funded by the National Institute on Aging in USA (R01AG017644) and a consortium of UK government departments coordinated by the National Institute for Health Research. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the article. The authors have no actual or potential competing financial interests to disclose.

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