Event-related brain potentials depict delayed development of cerebral inhibitory processes among infants with down syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hill Karrer ◽  
Rathe Karrer
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Inhibitory Processes ◽  
Delayed Development

Crossmodal Inhibition of Return in Adults with and Without Down Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Glazebrook ◽  
Digby Elliott ◽  
James Lyons ◽  
Luc Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Manual Aiming ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Inhibitory Processes

This study investigated inhibition of return in persons with and without Down syndrome (DS) when visual or verbal cues were used to specify a target in a crossmodal paradigm. Individuals with DS and without DS performed manual aiming movements to a target located in right or left hemispace. The target was specified by an endogenous visual or verbal stimulus. Both groups were significantly slower when responding to the same target as the previous trial when the target was cued in a different modality. Although participants with DS initiated and executed their movements more slowly, they demonstrated a similar pattern of inhibition as people without DS, suggesting that inhibitory processes are functioning normally in persons with DS.

scholarly journals Perinatal Natural History of the Ts1Cje Mouse Model of Down Syndrome: Growth Restriction, Early Mortality, Heart Defects, and Delayed Development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0168009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millie A. Ferrés ◽  
Diana W. Bianchi ◽  
Ashley E. Siegel ◽  
Roderick T. Bronson ◽  
Gordon S. Huggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Delayed Development

Alopecia areata and Down syndrome

1976 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Alopecia Areata

Skipping Breakfast Affects the Early Steps of Cognitive Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Andrés Antonio González-Garrido ◽  
Jacobo José Brofman-Epelbaum ◽  
Fabiola Reveca Gómez-Velázquez ◽  
Sebastián Agustín Balart-Sánchez ◽  
Julieta Ramos-Loyo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Abstract. It has been generally accepted that skipping breakfast adversely affects cognition, mainly disturbing the attentional processes. However, the effects of short-term fasting upon brain functioning are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of skipping breakfast on cognitive processing by studying the electrical brain activity of young healthy individuals while performing several working memory tasks. Accordingly, the behavioral results and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of 20 healthy university students (10 males) were obtained and compared through analysis of variances (ANOVAs), during the performance of three n-back working memory (WM) tasks in two morning sessions on both normal (after breakfast) and 12-hour fasting conditions. Significantly fewer correct responses were achieved during fasting, mainly affecting the higher WM load task. In addition, there were prolonged reaction times with increased task difficulty, regardless of breakfast intake. ERP showed a significant voltage decrement for N200 and P300 during fasting, while the amplitude of P200 notably increased. The results suggest skipping breakfast disturbs earlier cognitive processing steps, particularly attention allocation, early decoding in working memory, and stimulus evaluation, and this effect increases with task difficulty.

Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract Most cognitive psychophysiological studies assume (1) that there is a chain of (partially overlapping) cognitive processes (processing stages, mechanisms, operators) leading from stimulus to response, and (2) that components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) may be regarded as manifestations of these processing stages. What is usually discussed is which particular processing mechanisms are related to some particular component, but not whether such a relationship exists at all. Alternatively, from the point of view of noncognitive (e. g., “naturalistic”) theories of perception ERP components might be conceived of as correlates of extraction of the information from the experimental environment. In a series of experiments, the author attempted to separate these two accounts, i. e., internal variables like mental operations or cognitive parameters versus external variables like information content of stimulation. Whenever this separation could be performed, the latter factor proved to significantly affect ERP amplitudes, whereas the former did not. These data indicate that ERPs cannot be unequivocally linked to processing mechanisms postulated by cognitive models of perception. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as support for these models.

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