Thyroid autoimmunity and its association with non-organ-specific antibodies and subclinical alterations of thyroid function in women with a history of pregnancy loss or preeclampsia

AbstractI deficiency is still a worldwide public health problem, with children being especially vulnerable. No nationwide study had been conducted to assess the I status of Spanish children, and thus an observational, multicentre and cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain to assess the I status and thyroid function in schoolchildren aged 6–7 years. The median urinary I (UI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in whole blood were used to assess the I status and thyroid function, respectively. A FFQ was used to determine the consumption of I-rich foods. A total of 1981 schoolchildren (52 % male) were included. The median UI was 173 μg/l, and 17·9 % of children showed UI<100 μg/l. The median UI was higher in males (180·8 v. 153·6 μg/l; P<0·001). Iodised salt (IS) intake at home was 69·8 %. IS consumption and intakes of ≥2 glasses of milk or 1 cup of yogurt/d were associated with significantly higher median UI. Median TSH was 0·90 mU/l and was higher in females (0·98 v. 0·83; P<0·001). In total, 0·5 % of children had known hypothyroidism (derived from the questionnaire) and 7·6 % had TSH levels above reference values. Median TSH was higher in schoolchildren with family history of hypothyroidism. I intake was adequate in Spanish schoolchildren. However, no correlation was found between TSH and median UI in any geographical area. The prevalence of TSH above reference values was high and its association with thyroid autoimmunity should be determined. Further assessment of thyroid autoimmunity in Spanish schoolchildren is desirable.

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Increased Incidence of Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoimmunity in Patients with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/804870 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefano Stagi ◽

Neri Pucci ◽

Laura Di Grande ◽

Cinzia de Libero ◽

Roberto Caputo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Free T4 ◽

The Family ◽

History Of

Hormones may play a role in the pathophysiology of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). An increased incidence of thyroid autoantibodies was recently observed in VKC, although there were no data on thyroid function. Two hundred and eighty-eight patients (202 males, 86 females; range 5.5 to 16.9 years) with VKC were evaluated and compared with 188 normal age- and sex-matched subjects. In all subjects, serum concentrations of free T4, TSH, thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin, and TSHr autoantibodies were evaluated. In VKC, the family history of thyroid diseases showed no significant differences compared to the controls (9.4 versus 8.6%), whereas the family history of autoimmune diseases was significantly higher (13.2% versus 6.3%;P<0.05). Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 6.6% (versus 1.6% of the controls;P<0.05) and overt hypothyroidism in 0.7% (versus 0.0% of the controls;P=NS). Finally, 5.2% of patients were positive for thyroid autoantibodies, which were significantly higher with respect to the controls (0.5%,P<0.05). In the patients positive for thyroid autoantibodies, 80% showed a sonography pattern that suggested autoimmune thyroiditis. Thyroid function and autoimmunity abnormalities are frequently present in children with VKC. Children with VKC should be screened for thyroid function and evaluated for thyroid autoimmunity.

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An “inexplicable” problem of habitual abortion

Clinical Management Issues ◽

10.7175/cmi.v1i3.605 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 123-128

Author(s):

Gabriella Gallone

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Habitual Abortion ◽

Normal Fetus ◽

Normal Thyroid Function ◽

History Of ◽

Determining Factor ◽

In Pregnancy

Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) appears to be a determining factor in pregnancy loss. Many studies have confirmed this association, not only in hypo- and hyperthyroid women but also in euthyroid ones. The main risk associated with TAI is the occurrence of maternal hypothyroidism, with its potential deleterious effects for both the mother and fetus. We report a case of a 35-years-old woman with a history of habitual abortion. After diagnosis of TAI with normal thyroid function and treatment with levothyroxine, the patient became pregnant. After a normal pregnancy without problems, she gave birth of normal fetus at 39’ weeks gestation.

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The natural history of thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in children with type 1 diabetes

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.05.013 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 151 (3) ◽

pp. e10-e12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Terri H. Lipman ◽

Iraj Rezvani ◽

Angelo M. DiGeorge

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Natural History ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

History Of

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Antithyroid antibodies and the association with non-organ-specific antibodies in recurrent pregnancy loss

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90830-3 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 168 (3) ◽

pp. 837-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Donna Pratt ◽

Marilyn Novotny ◽

George Kaberlein ◽

Alan Dudkiewicz ◽

Norbert Gleicher

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Antithyroid Antibodies ◽

Organ Specific

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Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.2019.10931 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 322 (7) ◽

pp. 632 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

◽

Tim I. M. Korevaar ◽

Arash Derakhshan ◽

Peter N. Taylor ◽

Marcel Meima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Function Test

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The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity with infertility in a population-based study: Tehran thyroid study (TTS)

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-021-00773-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Batul Birjandi ◽

Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽

Atieh Amouzegar ◽

Maryam Tohidi ◽

Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

History Of ◽

Autoimmune Condition ◽

Biochemical Measurements ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Background Thyroid autoimmunity(TAI) is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in women of fertile age. There are increasing data regarding the association of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity with adverse pregnancy outcomes but there is no consensus regarding infertility and TPOAb positivity; thus we aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid TPOAb positivity and infertility in females and males in a population-based study (TTS). Methods Cross-sectional study of 3197 female and male participants in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) at the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Data included biochemical measurements and a self-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 12,823 cases in phase 4, 3719 cases (2108 female and 1611 male) were analyzed. The mean TSH of the infertile female and male was 2.52 ± 2.68 μIU/ml and 3.24 ± 10.26 μIU/ml respectively. The TPO median(IQR) of women with and without a history of infertility were 6.05 (3.30–13.96)and 6.04 (3.17–11.15);(P = 0.613), they were 5.08 (3.20–125.68) and 5.31 (3.93–125.68);(P = 0.490) in male participants, respectively. Results of crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis of the development of infertility by thyroid function and TPOAb, except for fT4 in male subjects, depicted no association between infertility and other variables in both crude and adjusted models. Conclusion Based on the result, thyroid autoimmunity was not associated with infertility in both females and males.

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Effects of Pregnancy Loss on Subsequent Postpartum Mental Health: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18042179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 2179

Author(s):

David C. Reardon ◽

Christopher Craver

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Live Birth ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Reproductive Services ◽

History Of ◽

Mental Health Treatments ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Pregnancy loss, natural or induced, is linked to higher rates of mental health problems, but little is known about its effects during the postpartum period. This study identifies the percentages of women receiving at least one postpartum psychiatric treatment (PPT), defined as any psychiatric treatment (ICD-9 290-316) within six months of their first live birth, relative to their history of pregnancy loss, history of prior mental health treatments, age, and race. The population consists of young women eligible for Medicaid in states that covered all reproductive services between 1999–2012. Of 1,939,078 Medicaid beneficiaries with a first live birth, 207,654 (10.7%) experienced at least one PPT, and 216,828 (11.2%) had at least one prior pregnancy loss. A history of prior mental health treatments (MHTs) was the strongest predictor of PPT, but a history of pregnancy loss is also another important risk factor. Overall, women with a prior pregnancy loss were 35% more likely to require a PPT. When the interactions of prior mental health and prior pregnancy loss are examined in greater detail, important effects of these combinations were revealed. About 58% of those whose first MHT was after a pregnancy loss required PPT. In addition, over 99% of women with a history of MHT one year prior to their first pregnancy loss required PPT after their first live births. These findings reveal that pregnancy loss (natural or induced) is a risk factor for PPT, and that the timing of events and the time span for considering prior mental health in research on pregnancy loss can significantly change observed effects. Clinicians should screen for a convergence of a history of MHT and prior pregnancy loss when evaluating pregnant women, in order to make appropriate referrals for counseling.

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Diagnosis of dengue fever in a patient with early pregnancy loss

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-243968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. e243968

Author(s):

Naomi N Adjei ◽

Anna Y Lynn ◽

Ernest Topran ◽

Oluwatosin O Adeyemo

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Death ◽

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Intravenous Fluids ◽

Early Pregnancy Loss ◽

Orbital Pain ◽

History Of

Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus that causes an influenza-like illness ranging in severity from asymptomatic to fatal. Dengue in pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes including miscarriage, preterm birth and fetal and neonatal death. We present the case of a multiparous woman who presented at 9 weeks’ gestation with vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping after a 1 month stay in Mexico. She was initially diagnosed with miscarriage with plan for outpatient follow-up. She was readmitted 3 days later with fever, retro-orbital pain, arthralgia, rash, pancytopenia and transaminitis and managed with intravenous fluids and acetaminophen. Of note, dengue serology was initially negative but retesting 2 days later was positive. It is imperative that clinicians have heightened suspicion for dengue in pregnant women with history of travel to or residence in a dengue-endemic area and consistent clinical evidence.

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The Natural History of Trisomy 21: Outcome Data from a Large Tertiary Referral Centre

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy ◽

10.1159/000517729 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Clare O’Connor ◽

Rebecca Moore ◽

Peter McParland ◽

Heather Hughes ◽

Barbara Cathcart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trisomy 21 ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Referral Centre ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Tertiary Referral Centre ◽

History Of ◽

Baseline Demographic

Objective: The aim of the study was to prospectively gather data on pregnancy outcomes of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 21 (T21) in a large tertiary referral centre. Methods: Data were gathered prospectively in a large tertiary referral centre over 5 years from 2013 to 2017 inclusively. Baseline demographic and pregnancy outcome data were recorded on an anonymized computerized database. Results: There were 1,836 congenital anomalies diagnosed in the study period including 8.9% (n = 165) cases of T21. 79% (n = 131) were age 35 or older at diagnosis. 79/113 (69.9%) women chose a termination of pregnancy (TOP) following a diagnosis of T21. Amongst pregnancies that continued, there were 4 second-trimester miscarriages (4/34, 11.7%), 9 stillbirths (9/34, 26.4%), and 1 neonatal death, giving an overall pregnancy and neonatal loss rate of 14/34 (41.1%). Conclusion: The risk of foetal loss in prenatally diagnosed T21 is high at 38% with an overall pregnancy loss rate of 41.1%. This information may be of benefit when counselling couples who are faced with a diagnosis of T21 particularly in the context of limited access to TOP.

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