Distribution of rabies antigen in infected brain material: determining the reliability of different regions of the brain for the rabies fluorescent antibody test

2002 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bingham ◽  
Maria van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Morphologic and Immunoperoxidase Study of Neurologic Lesions in Naturally Acquired Rabies of Raccoons

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Hamir ◽  
G. Moser ◽  
C. E. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Spinal Cord Regions ◽  
Trigeminal Nerves ◽  
The Brain

Histopathologic (hematoxylin and eosin [HE]) and immunoperoxidase (streptavidin-biotin complex) methods were used for examination of formalin-fixed tissues of rabid raccoons from an enzootic area of Pennsylvania. Extensive morphologic lesions of rabies encephalitis were present in the cerebrum and the brain stem regions. Negri bodies were detected by both methods and were present in the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord) and in the ganglia of the trigeminal nerves. The viral inclusions were also seen in ganglion cells in the tongue, parotid salivary glands, pancreas, intestines, and adrenal glands. These sites were not associated with any inflammatory cellular infiltrate. The immunoperoxidase method was superior to HE for the detection of Negri bodies. Because lesions of rabies encephalitis were consistently observed in the cerebrum, brain stem, and cervical spinal cord regions, these areas of the brain should be included when raccoons are examined by the fluorescent antibody test for rabies.

Rabies-like neuronal inclusions in a dog with meningoencephalomyelitis and neuritis of unknown origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000759
Author(s):  
Ian Keith Hawkins ◽  
Daniel R Rissi ◽  
Anibal G Armién ◽  
Rebecca Penrose Wilkes ◽  
Eman Anis
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusions ◽  
The Brain

A four-year-old intact female pointer dog from a hunting plantation in South Georgia, USA, developed acute neurological signs. The referring veterinarian suspected rabies or pseudorabies; the dog was euthanased and submitted to the Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory for necropsy. No gross anatomical changes were present. Portions of brain were submitted for rabies virus fluorescent antibody test with a negative result. Histopathology revealed a marked lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with numerous intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions within neurons, still raising concerns for rabies meningoencephalitis. Rabies immunohistochemistry was then performed on the brain, yielding a negative result. Brain samples were also negative for canine distemper virus and herpesvirus (pan-herpesvirus primers) PCR. Electron microscopy did not reveal viral particles within the inclusions. Similar intraneuronal pseudoinclusions have been previously reported in non-rabid dogs and cats. Such inclusions are a diagnostic challenge, especially in animals with central neurological signs and/or meningoencephalitis.

scholarly journals Use of a Direct, Rapid Immunohistochemical Test for Diagnosis of Rabies Virus in Bats

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Charles E. Rupprecht ◽  
Lolita I. Van Pelt ◽  
April D. Davis ◽  
Richard B. Chipman ◽  
David L. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Suspect Case

Rabies, a zoonotic encephalitis due to transmission of a lyssavirus, such as rabies virus (RABV), has the highest case fatality of any infectious disease. A global program for the elimination of human rabies caused by dogs is proposed for realization by 2030. Sensitive, specific, and inexpensive diagnostic tests are necessary for enhanced surveillance to detect infection, inform public health and veterinary professionals during risk assessments of exposure, and support overall programmatic goals. Multiple laboratory techniques are used to confirm a suspect case of rabies. One method for the detection of lyssavirus antigens within the brain is the direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT), using light microscopy, and suitable for use under field conditions. Besides dogs, other major RABV reservoirs reside among mammalian mesocarnivores and bats. To date, use of the dRIT has been applied primarily for the diagnosis of RABV in suspect mesocarnivores. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of the dRIT to the diagnosis of rabies in bats, compared to the gold-standard, the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT). Brains of 264 suspect bats, consisting of 21 species from Arizona and Texas, were used in the evaluation of the dRIT. The overall sensitivity of the dRIT was 100% (0.969–1.0, 95% CI) and the specificity was 94.6% (0.896–0.976, 95% CI), comparable to the DFAT. This preliminary study demonstrated the utility of the dRIT in the confirmation of RABV infection in bats. Future studies should include additional geographic, lyssavirus, and mammalian species representations for broader application during enhanced rabies surveillance, with incorporation of any potential adjustments to standard protocols, as needed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for detection of African lyssaviruses from brain material

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Markotter ◽  
D. York ◽  
C.T. Sabeta ◽  
W. Shumba ◽  
G. Zulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Selection Of

Rapid immunodiagnostic test kit was evaluated against a selection of isolates of lyssavirus genotypes occurring in Africa. The test was carried out in parallel comparison with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and isolates representing previously established phylogenetic groups from each genotype were included. The specificity of the rapid immunodiagnostic test compared favourably with the FAT and was found to detect all representatives of genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in brain samples of either field cases or suckling mouse brain inoculates.

scholarly journals Detection of Rabies Antigen in the Saliva and Brains of Apparently Healthy Dogs Slaughtered for Human Consumption and Its Public Health Implications in Abia State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Mshelbwala ◽  
A. B. Ogunkoya ◽  
B. V. Maikai
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The study was carried out in eight dogs slaughtering outlets within four Local Government Areas of the State for the determination of rabies antigen in the saliva and brain of apparently healthy dogs slaughtered for human consumption. A total of one hundred (100) samples each of saliva and brain were collected before and after slaughter, respectively, between April to June, 2013, in the selected areas. The saliva was subjected to rapid immune-chromatographic test (RICT) while direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) was carried out on the brain samples. Structured questionnaire was administered to nineteen (19) dog meat processors comprising 18 males and 1 female in the selected areas. Sixty four percent of the samples tested were from female dogs while 36% were from males, 5% tested positive for rabies antigen with the use of both tests; there was no statistical association between sex and rabies status of the dogs sampled (P>0.05). Butchers bitten during the course of slaughtering were 94.7% out of which 72.8% utilized traditional method of treatment and only 27.8% reported to the hospital for proper medical attention. This study has established the presence of rabies antigen in apparently healthy dogs in the study area.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Fridlund Plugge ◽  
Fabiano Montiani Ferreira ◽  
Rosária Regina Tesoni de Barros Richartz ◽  
Adriana de Siqueira ◽  
Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis or paralysis, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, sensory and somatic disorders and chorioretinitis. The samples were analyzed by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), at a cutoff dilution of 1:50. Out of the 147 samples obtained, 17 (11.56%) were seropositive for N. caninum, 31 (21.08%) for T. gondii and four (2.72%) for both protozoa. Serum titration on the positive animals showed that 54.83% (17/31) and 41.18% (7/17) had titers > 1:200 against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. A significant difference in seropositivity for T. gondii (P = 0.021; OR = 2.87; CI = 1.1 > 2.8 > 7.4) was observed between owned dogs (18.11%) and stray dogs (40%). Inclusion of serological tests for neosporosis and toxoplasmosis is recommended in diagnosing neurological diseases in dogs.

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