Processing-independent quantitation of human chromogranin A in plasma: A promising tool for early diagnosis of carcinoid tumors, other neuroendocrine tumors and SCLC

The early and complete diagnosis of lung carcinoid tumors is of great interest in clinical oncology, since this is the basis for the possibility of using options for organ-sparing surgical treatment. According to the 2015 WHO classification, carcinoids belong to the group of neuroendocrine tumors and are divided into two types: a typical carcinoid and an atypical one. Based on the data available in the literature, there are from 0.2 to 2 cases per 100,000 population. The paper considers the possibilities of radiation studies in the early diagnosis of this tumor, as well as those of determining the tactics, type, and scope of surgical treatment.

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A nomogram consisted of routine biochemical tests may increase the diagnostic accuracy of chromogranin A in detecting patients with neuroendocrine tumors

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.49.ep172 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Vurnek ◽

Ivan Kruljac ◽

Miroslav Ćaćić ◽

Božidar Perić ◽

Maja Filipović-Grčić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Chromogranin A ◽

Biochemical Tests

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Pre-operative Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography in a Large Series

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.253.ned ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 317-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Raffaele Manta ◽

Elisabetta Nardi ◽

Nico Pagano ◽

Claudio Ricci ◽

Mariano Sica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Endoscopic Ultrasonography ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration ◽

Chromogranin A ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Large Series ◽

Tumor Diameter ◽

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Fine Needle

Background & Aims: Diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (p-NETs) is frequently challenging. We describe a large series of patients with p-NETs in whom both pre-operative Computed Tomography (CT) and Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) were performed. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected sporadic p-NET cases. All patients underwent both standard multidetector CT study and EUS with fine-needle aspiration (FNA). The final histological diagnosis was achieved on a post-surgical specimen. Chromogranin A (CgA) levels were measured. Results: A total of 80 patients (mean age: 58 ± 14.2 years; males: 42) were enrolled. The diameter of functioning was significantly lower than that of non-functioning p-NETs (11.2 ± 8.5 mm vs 19.8 ± 12.2 mm; P = 0.0004). The CgA levels were more frequently elevated in non-functioning than functioning pNET patients (71.4% vs 46.9%; P = 0.049). Overall, the CT study detected the lesion in 51 (63.7%) cases, being negative in 26 (68.4%) patients with a tumor ≤10 mm, and in a further 3 (15%) cases with a tumor diameter ≤20 mm. CT overlooked the pancreatic lesion more frequently in patients with functioning than non-functioning p-NETs (46.5% vs 24.3%; P = 0.002). EUS allowed a more precise pre-operative tumor measurement, with an overall incorrect dimension in only 9 (11.2%) patients. Of note, the EUS-guided FNA suspected the neuroendocrine nature of tumor in all cases. Conclusions: Data of this large case series would suggest that the EUS should be included in the diagnostic work-up in all patients with a suspected p-NET, even when the CT study was negative for a primary lesion in the pancreas.– . Abbrevations: CgA: chromogranin A; EUS: Endoscopic Ultrasonography; FNA: fine-needle aspiration; p-NETs: pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

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Quantification of chromogranin A with a surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/d1ay00782c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Xiao ◽

Yang Tai ◽

Xin Quan ◽

Chong Zhao ◽

Rui Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽

Surface Plasmon ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Plasmon Resonance ◽

Chromogranin A ◽

Traditional Methods

The chromogranin A (CgA) level in the blood is an important biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors and other diseases. Traditional methods for detecting CgA are expensive and time-consuming with low reproducibility....

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Preoperative serum chromogranin-a is predictive of survival in locoregional jejuno-ileal small bowel neuroendocrine tumors

Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.surg.2021.01.048 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Praveen D. Chatani ◽

John G. Aversa ◽

James D. McDonald ◽

Tahsin M. Khan ◽

Xavier M. Keutgen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Bowel ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Chromogranin A ◽

Preoperative Serum

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Chromogranin a Measurement in Neuroendocrine Tumors

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460089801300102 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

L. Ferrari ◽

E. Seregni ◽

A. Martinetti ◽

B Van Graafeiland ◽

S. Nerini-Molteni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Marker ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Chromogranin A ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Proliferative Index ◽

Favorable Prognosis ◽

Blood Marker ◽

Active Substances

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms characterized by a low proliferative index and, in some cases, a favorable prognosis. These tumors often overproduce and release biologically active substances that are responsible for severe syndromes. Tumor marker measurement provides the clinician with useful information for the management of NET patients. The substances released by overproducing tumors are currently used as biomarkers, but there is a need for sensitive markers also for the “biochemically silent” NETs. The most effective and reliable blood marker available today is chromogranin A (CgA). Because of its high sensitivity and specificity, this glycoprotein can be used for the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of NETs. Furthermore, CgA measurement can be used for monitoring those tumors not overproducing or releasing any hormones or biological amines. This paper is a synthetic review on the value of CgA in NET management and reports our experiences with CgA measurement in NET patients.

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Molecular Pathology of Well-Differentiated Pulmonary and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors: What Do Pathologists Need to Know?

Endocrine Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12022-021-09668-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 154-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco Volante ◽

Ozgur Mete ◽

Giuseppe Pelosi ◽

Anja C. Roden ◽

Ernst Jan M. Speel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽

Young Patients ◽

Carcinoid Tumors ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Grey Zone ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Familial Form ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

AbstractThoracic (pulmonary and thymic) neuroendocrine tumors are well-differentiated epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms that are classified into typical and atypical carcinoid tumors based on mitotic index cut offs and presence or absence of necrosis. This classification scheme is of great prognostic value but designed for surgical specimens, only. Deep molecular characterization of thoracic neuroendocrine tumors highlighted their difference with neuroendocrine carcinomas. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung are characterized by a low mutational burden, and a high prevalence of mutations in chromatin remodeling and histone modification-related genes, whereas mutations in genes frequently altered in neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare. Molecular profiling divided thymic neuroendocrine tumors into three clusters with distinct clinical outcomes and characterized by a different average of copy number instability. Moreover, integrated histopathological, molecular and clinical evidence supports the existence of a grey zone category between neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid tumors) and neuroendocrine carcinomas. Indeed, cases with well differentiated morphology but mitotic/Ki-67 indexes close to neuroendocrine carcinomas have been increasingly recognized. These are characterized by specific molecular profiles and have an aggressive clinical behavior. Finally, thoracic neuroendocrine tumors may arise in the background of genetic susceptibility, being MEN1 syndrome the well-defined familial form. However, pathologists should be aware of rarer germline variants that are associated with the concurrence of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung or their precursors (such as DIPNECH) with other neoplasms, including but not limited to breast carcinomas. Therefore, genetic counseling for all young patients with thoracic neuroendocrine neoplasia and/or any patient with pathological evidence of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia-to-neoplasia progression sequence or multifocal disease should be considered.

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