The effect of new infection control measures for the prevention of hospital acquired infections in cirrhotic patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. S747
Author(s):  
V. Di Gregorio ◽  
S. Incicco ◽  
C. Lucidi ◽  
B. Lattanzi ◽  
D. D’ambrosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals The interplay of SARS-CoV-2 and Clostridioides difficile infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-443
Author(s):  
Sahil Khanna ◽  
Colleen S Kraft
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we practice medicine and lead our lives. In addition to pulmonary symptoms; COVID-19 as a syndrome has multisystemic involvement including frequent gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. Due to microbiome alterations with COVID-19 and frequent antibiotic exposure, COVID-19 can be complicated by Clostridioides difficile infection. Co-infection with these two can be associated with a high risk of complications. Infection control measures in hospitals is enhanced due to the COVID-19 pandemic which in turn appears to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired infections such as C. difficile infection. Another implication of COVID-19 and its potential transmissibility by stool is microbiome-based therapies. Potential stool donors should be screened COVID-19 symptoms and be tested for COVID-19.

Hospital-acquired infection awareness and control practices among healthcare staff: an evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Pallavi Saraswat ◽  
Rajnarayan R Tiwari ◽  
Muralidhar Varma ◽  
Sameer Phadnis ◽  
Monica Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background/Aims Hospital-acquired infections pose a risk to the wellbeing of both patients and staff. They are largely preventable, particularly if hospital staff have adequate knowledge of and adherence to infection control policies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of hospital-acquired infection control measures among hospital staff. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 staff members in a tertiary healthcare facility in Karnataka, India. The researchers distributed a questionnaire containing 33 questions regarding knowledge of hospital-acquired infections, awareness of infection control policies and adherence to control practices. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 and a Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Respondents' mean percentage score on the knowledge of hospital-acquired infections section was 72%. Their mean percentage scores on the awareness and practice of infection prevention measures sections were 82% and 77% respectively. Doctors and those with more years of experience typically scored higher. Conclusion The respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge, awareness and adherence to infection control practices. However, continued training is essential in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the respondents stated that they were willing to undertake training in this area, and this opportunity should be provided in order to improve infection control quality.

scholarly journals Modeling Hospital Energy and Economic Costs for COVID-19 Infection Control Interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietta M. Squire ◽  
Megashnee Munsamy ◽  
Gary Lin ◽  
Arnesh Telukdarie ◽  
Takeru Igusa
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The objective of this study was to assess the energy demand and economic cost of two hospital-based COVID-19 infection control interventions. The intervention control measures evaluated include use of negative pressure (NP) treatment rooms and xenon pulsed ultraviolet (XP-UV) infection control equipment. After projecting COVID-19 hospitalizations, a Hospital Energy Model and Infection De-escalation Models are applied to quantify increases in energy demand and reductions in secondary infections. The scope of the interventions consisted of implementing NP in 11, 22, and 44 rooms (at small, medium, and large hospitals) while the XP-UV equipment was used eight, nine, and ten hours a day, respectively. The annum kilowatt-hours (kWh) for NP (and costs were at $0.1015 per kWh) were 116,700 ($11,845), 332,530 ($33,752), 795,675 ($80,761) for small, medium, and large hospitals ($1,077, $1,534, $1,836 added annum energy cost per NP room). For XP-UV, the annum kilowatt-hours and costs were 438 ($45), 493 ($50), 548 ($56) for small, medium, and large hospitals. There are other initial costs associated with the purchase and installation of the equipment, with XP-UV having a higher initial cost. XP-UV had a greater reduction in secondary COVID-19 infections in large and medium hospitals. NP rooms had a greater reduction in secondary SARS-CoV-2 transmission in small hospitals. Early implementation of interventions can result in realized cost savings through reduced hospital-acquired infections.

scholarly journals Prevention of Nosocomial Transmission of Norovirus by Strategic Infection Control Measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent C. C. Cheng ◽  
Lisa M. W. Wong ◽  
Josepha W. M. Tai ◽  
Jasper F. W. Chan ◽  
Kelvin K. W. To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Infection Control Team ◽  
Concurrent Control ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Control Team ◽  
Hospital Networks ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background.Nosocomial outbreaks of norovirus infection pose a great challenge to the infection control team.Methods.Between November 1, 2009, and February 28, 2010, strategic infection control measures were implemented in a hospital network. In addition to timely staff education and promotion of directly observed hand hygiene, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for norovirus was performed as an added test by the microbiology laboratory for all fecal specimens irrespective of the request for testing. Laboratory-confirmed cases were followed up by the infection control team for timely intervention. The incidence of hospital-acquired norovirus infection per 1,000 potentially infectious patient-days was compared with the corresponding period in the preceding 12 months, and the incidence in the other 6 hospital networks in Hong Kong was chosen as the concurrent control. Phylogenetic analysis of norovirus isolates was performed.Results.Of the 988 patients who were tested, 242 (25%) were positive for norovirus; 114 (47%) of those 242 patients had norovirus detected by our added test. Compared with the corresponding period in the preceding 12 months, the incidence of hospital-acquired norovirus infection decreased from 131 to 16 cases per 1,000 potentially infectious patient-days (P < .001 ), although the number of hospital-acquired infections was low in both the study period (n = 8) and the historical control periods (n = 11). The incidence of hospital-acquired norovirus infection in our hospital network (0.03 cases per 1,000 patient-days) was significantly lower than that of the concurrent control (0.06 cases per 1,000 patient-days) (P = .015). Forty-three (93%) of 46 norovirus isolates sequenced belonged to the genogroup II.4 variant.Conclusions.Strategic infection control measures with an added test maybe useful in controlling nosocomial transmission of norovirus.

112 Outbreak of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Regional Burn Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S75-S75
Author(s):  
Sarah Rehou ◽  
Sydney Rotman ◽  
Melisa Avaness ◽  
Marc G Jeschke ◽  
Shahriar Shahrokhi
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Environmental Cleaning ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem in hospitals worldwide, though the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in our region is low. Burn patients are among the most vulnerable to infection because of the loss of the protective skin barrier. Because of this, burn centres prioritize infection prevention and control with measures like additional precautions, enhanced environmental cleaning, dedicated facilities, and mandatory use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods This report describes a CPE outbreak in a regional burn centre. We hypothesized that contamination of in-room hand hygiene sinks with CPE was a potential source of transmission. In a period of 2.5 months, four nosocomial cases of CPE were identified, three containing the KPC gene and one VIM gene. There was more than one month between the first and second KPC case, with no overlap in patient stay or rooms. Results The first two cases were identified while there was no CPE patient source on the unit. CPE KPC gene was isolated in sink drains of three different rooms. In addition to the rigorous infection control practices already in place due to the unique patient population, additional outbreak control measures were implemented. The burn centre restricted admissions to complex burns or burns &gt;10% total body surface area, in consultation with the attending surgeon. No elective admissions were permitted. To avoid CPE exposure to new patients, initial admissions were rerouted to the emergency department and, if possible, the patient was admitted to another unit. Patient cohorting was implemented through nursing team separation for CPE positive and negative patients and geographical separation of CPE positive cases to one side of the unit. Conclusions Despite aggressive infection control measures already in place at our burn centre, there was hospital acquired CPE colonization/infection. Given there was CPE acquisition when there was no positive patients on the unit and CPE contaminated sinks of the same enzyme were identified, it suggests that hospital sink drains can become a potential source of CPE.

scholarly journals Successful Management of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Outbreak in a Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Xia ◽  
Huarui Xiao ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Qiaoling Tian ◽  
Fanfan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplant ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)is recognized as one of the most common causes of acute respiratory infections in adults which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised adults. Moreover RSV can spread rapidly through close contact through respiratory droplets leading to clusters of cases or outbreaks in health care facilities. Herein we demonstrate the successful control and the risk factors of the RSV outbreak involving 39 patients in a Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant(BMT) Unit. Methods: We performed an epidemiological investigation,analyzed the risk factors and implemented the infection control measures for this nosocomial RSV outbreak in the Hematology and BMT Unit. Furthermore we implemented the RSV screening for all the inpatients and medical staff of Hematology and BMT Unit and the infection control bundles to stop the outbreak.Results: 24 patients were tested positive for RSV, 2 of which were confirmed to be hospital acquired respiratory infection according to Chinese hospital infection diagnostic criteria,the other cases were hospital acquired. Our multimodal infection control bundle was able to rapidly control this outbreak,newly diagnosed patients with RSV infection were distributed in the first three weeks of this outbreak.All cases were discharged after recovery or remission. Conclusion: The successful infection control management of RSV outbreak should include interruption of all potential transmission routes.In Hematology and BMT Unit, restriction of social activities is useful to stop RSV transmission despite some temporal negative impact on the emotional needs of the patients.Universal RSV screening and vigorous enforcement of infection control measures was effective in the containment of this outbreak.

scholarly journals Burden of nosocomial COVID-19 in Wales: results from a multicentre retrospective observational study of 2508 hospitalised adults

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-216964
Author(s):  
Mark J Ponsford ◽  
Rhys Jefferies ◽  
Chris Davies ◽  
Daniel Farewell ◽  
Ian R Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Inpatient Mortality ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The burden of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly defined. We report on the outcomes of 2508 adults with molecularly-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 admitted across 18 major hospitals, representing over 60% of those hospitalised across Wales between 1 March and 1 July 2020. Inpatient mortality for nosocomial infection ranged from 38% to 42%, consistently higher than participants with community-acquired infection (31%–35%) across a range of case definitions. Those with hospital-acquired infection were older and frailer than those infected within the community. Nosocomial diagnosis occurred a median of 30 days following admission (IQR 21–63), suggesting a window for prophylactic or postexposure interventions, alongside enhanced infection control measures.

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