Cytotoxic potential of the phytochemical genistein isoflavone (4′,5′,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) and certain environmental chemical compounds on testicular cells

Abstract Background Industrial products are persistently hazardous pollutants to the environment and are of current concern to human health. Bioremediation, a process used to treat contaminated environment is an option that enhances the efficacy of the natural biodegradation process and degrade the target pollutants. Different species of bacteria have been reported for their ability to degrade pollutants to the environment. Nocardia live in diverse unfavorable environmental conditions and have a high catabolic capacity. This study aimed to screen and characterize Nocardia with bioremediation capability from Iranian diverse ecosystems. Result A total of 90 collected environmental samples were screened for Nocardia spp. The isolates were characterized based on conventional and molecular methods including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Growth rate in presence of pollutants, chromatography, Gibbs and turbidometric methods were used to determine bioremediation ability. The Nocardia isolates included 19 strains that belonged to 10 various species. The most prevalent Nocardia species were N. farcinica, 4 isolates (21%), followed by N. cyriacigeorgica and N. cashijiensis like, 3 isolates each (15.7%), and N. asteroids and N. kroppenstedtii 2 isolates each (10.5%). The isolates were classified in two categories based on their bioremediation ability: isolates with previously reported that have a bioremediation ability, and the isolates that showed bioremediation ability that first reported in the current study. Conclusions Our study showed that Nocardia spp. demonstrate high ability to degrade environmental chemical pollutants placing this bacteria among the best candidates for the detoxification of habitats contaminated with this chemical compounds.

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Identification of miRNAs as the Crosstalk in the Interaction between Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells and Endothelial Cells

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2020/6630659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Xin Wang ◽

Simin Li ◽

Yihong Ma ◽

Yuzhen Xu ◽

Anthony Chukwunonso Ogbuehi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Drug Targets ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Functional Enrichment ◽

Environmental Chemical ◽

Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Aim. This study is aimed at identifying genetic and epigenetic crosstalk molecules and their target drugs involved in the interaction between neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Materials and Methods. Datasets pertaining to reciprocal mRNA and noncoding RNA changes induced by the interaction between NSPCs and ECs were obtained from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis (DEA) was applied to identify NSPC-induced EC alterations by comparing the expression profiles between monoculture of ECs and ECs grown in EC/NSPC cocultures. DEA was also utilized to identify EC-induced NSPC alterations by comparing the expression profiles between monoculture of NSPCs and NSPCs grown in EC/NSPC cocultures. The DEGs and DEmiRNAs shared by NSPC-induced EC alterations and EC-induced NSPC alterations were then identified. Furthermore, miRNA crosstalk analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed, and the relationship between DEmiRNAs and small molecular drug targets/environment chemical compounds was investigated. Results. One dataset (GSE29759) was included and analyzed in this study. Six genes (i.e., MMP14, TIMP3, LOXL1, CCK, SMAD6, and HSPA2), three miRNAs (i.e., miR-210, miR-230a, and miR-23b), and three pathways (i.e., Akt, ERK1/2, and BMPs) were identified as crosstalk molecules. Six small molecular drugs (i.e., deptropine, fluphenazine, lycorine, quinostatin, resveratrol, and thiamazole) and seven environmental chemical compounds (i.e., folic acid, dexamethasone, choline, doxorubicin, thalidomide, bisphenol A, and titanium dioxide) were identified to be potential target drugs of the identified DEmiRNAs. Conclusion. To conclude, three miRNAs (i.e., miR-210, miR-230a, and miR-23b) were identified to be crosstalks linking the interaction between ECs and NSPCs by implicating in both angiogenesis and neurogenesis. These crosstalk molecules might provide a basis for devising novel strategies for fabricating neurovascular models in stem cell tissue engineering.

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Goniothalamus: Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Review

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine ◽

10.18639/rabm.2016.02.292264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Shahzad Aslam ◽

Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽

Awang Soh Mamat ◽

Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad ◽

Faridah Salam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Chemical Nature ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Cytotoxic Potential ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Stomach Ache ◽

Aging Body ◽

Ethnobotanical Uses ◽

Styryl Lactones

Goniothalamusspecies are used in widespread medicines for abortion, anti-aging, body pains, rheumatism, skin complaints, typhoid fever, tympanites, stomach ache and fever. The present study reviews the distribution of species along with their synonyms, their traditional usage, and correlated chemical compounds ofGoniothalamusspecies with stress on the authentication of their ethnobotanical uses. The findings in someGoniothalamusspecies suggest that the chemical nature of their derivatives, such as acetogenins and styryl-lactones, may justify the use of these species against cancer in Asian traditional medicines due to their cytotoxic potential.

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Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics, Part I: Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, and Regulatory Aspects

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10040750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 750 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pia Anneli Sofia Kinaret ◽

Angela Serra ◽

Antonio Federico ◽

Pekka Kohonen ◽

Penny Nymark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Data Generation ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Chemical Toxicity ◽

Environmental Chemical ◽

Regulatory Aspects ◽

Starting Point

The starting point of successful hazard assessment is the generation of unbiased and trustworthy data. Conventional toxicity testing deals with extensive observations of phenotypic endpoints in vivo and complementing in vitro models. The increasing development of novel materials and chemical compounds dictates the need for a better understanding of the molecular changes occurring in exposed biological systems. Transcriptomics enables the exploration of organisms’ responses to environmental, chemical, and physical agents by observing the molecular alterations in more detail. Toxicogenomics integrates classical toxicology with omics assays, thus allowing the characterization of the mechanism of action (MOA) of chemical compounds, novel small molecules, and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Lack of standardization in data generation and analysis currently hampers the full exploitation of toxicogenomics-based evidence in risk assessment. To fill this gap, TGx methods need to take into account appropriate experimental design and possible pitfalls in the transcriptomic analyses as well as data generation and sharing that adhere to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the design and analysis of DNA microarray, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data. We provide guidelines on exposure time, dose and complex endpoint selection, sample quality considerations and sample randomization. Furthermore, we summarize publicly available data resources and highlight applications of TGx data to understand and predict chemical toxicity potential. Additionally, we discuss the efforts to implement TGx into regulatory decision making to promote alternative methods for risk assessment and to support the 3R (reduction, refinement, and replacement) concept. This review is the first part of a three-article series on Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics. These initial considerations on Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, Regulatory Aspects, are the starting point for further rigorous and reliable data preprocessing and modeling, described in the second and third part of the review series.

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Cytochemical analysis of mast cell granules after poly-dl-lysine action

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010008225x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 278-279

Author(s):

R. Courtoy ◽

L.J. Simar ◽

J. Christophe

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Cellular Membrane ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Organic Bases ◽

Ferric Thiocyanate ◽

Cytochemical Analysis ◽

Mast Cell Granule ◽

Amine Liberation

Several chemical compounds induce amine liberation from mast cells but do not necessarily provoque the granule expulsion. For example, poly-dl-lysine induces modifications of the cellular membrane permeability which promotes ion exchange at the level of mast cell granules. Few of them are expulsed but the majority remains in the cytoplasm and appears less dense to the electrons. A cytochemical analysis has been performed to determine the composition of these granules after the polylysine action.We have previously reported that it was possible to demonstrate polyanions on epon thin sections using a cetylpyridinium ferric thiocyanate method. Organic bases are selectively stained with cobalt thiocyanate and the sulfhydryle groups are characterized with a silver methenamine reaction. These techniques permit to reveal the mast cell granule constituents, i.e. heparin, biogenic amines and basic proteins.

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Growth of near noble metal Pd and Pt thin film silicides morphology and structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100112464 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 498-499

Author(s):

E. I. Alessandrini ◽

M. O. Aboelfotoh

Keyword(s):

Noble Metals ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Solid State Reactions ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Stable Chemical ◽

Metal Thickness ◽

Amorphous Si ◽

Si Films

Considerable interest has been generated in solid state reactions between thin films of near noble metals and silicon. These metals deposited on Si form numerous stable chemical compounds at low temperatures and have found applications as Schottky barrier contacts to silicon in VLSI devices. Since the very first phase that nucleates in contact with Si determines the barrier properties, the purpose of our study was to investigate the silicide formation of the near noble metals, Pd and Pt, at very thin thickness of the metal films on amorphous silicon.Films of Pd and Pt in the thickness range of 0.5nm to 20nm were made by room temperature evaporation on 40nm thick amorphous Si films, which were first deposited on 30nm thick amorphous Si3N4 membranes in a window configuration. The deposition rate was 0.1 to 0.5nm/sec and the pressure during deposition was 3 x 10 -7 Torr. The samples were annealed at temperatures in the range from 200° to 650°C in a furnace with helium purified by hot (950°C) Ti particles. Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction techniques were used to evaluate changes in structure and morphology of the phases formed as a function of metal thickness and annealing temperature.

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