Effects of Different Scraping Techniques on Body Surface Blood Perfusion Volume and Local Skin Temperature of Healthy Subjects

The relationship of local skin temperature and the onset of sweating to the local cutaneous blood flow was studied in the forearm and calf. The purpose of the investigation was to appraise the possible relation of sweat gland activity to the cutaneous vasodilatation which has been attributed to bradykinin or to intracranial temperatures. The onset of sweating was not marked by any apparently related increases in the rate of cutaneous blood flow. On the contrary, the onset of sweating was followed often by a stabilization or even a decrease in the level of cutaneous blood flow. The relations of the latter to the local skin temperature were complex, particularly in the forearm. There appeared to be additional unidentified influences, possibly vasomotor, operating on the skin vessels during transitional phases in the relation of skin temperature to blood flow. Submitted on October 15, 1962

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The effect of environmental temperature on the growth of vertebrae in the tail of the mouse

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.24.2.405 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 405-410

Author(s):

Janet F. Noel ◽

E. A. Wright

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Tissue Temperature ◽

Local Skin ◽

Temperature Growth ◽

Peripheral Organs ◽

Hot Environment ◽

Caudal Vertebrae ◽

Local Skin Temperature ◽

C3h Mice

C3H mice were bred at 30°C and 22°C. At 28 days of age the lengths of the sacral and caudal vertebrae were measured from radiographs and related to the local skin temperature. Growth of the sacral and proximal caudal vertebrae was slightly retarded in the hot environment, but the distal caudal vertebrae showed increased growth which could be quantitatively related to an increase in skin temperature. This suggests that in hot climates the increased growth of peripheral organs of some mammals is due to local increases in tissue temperature.

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Effect of local skin blood flow during light and medium activities on local skin temperature predictions

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 439-450

Author(s):

Stephanie Veselá ◽

Boris R.M. Kingma ◽

Arjan J.H. Frijns ◽

Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Local Skin ◽

Local Skin Temperature

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Peripheral Blood Perfusion Correlates with Microvascular Abnormalities in Systemic Sclerosis: A Laser-Doppler and Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy Study

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.091356 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1174-1180 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

MAURIZIO CUTOLO ◽

CARMELA FERRONE ◽

CARMEN PIZZORNI ◽

STEFANO SOLDANO ◽

BRUNO SERIOLO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Blood Perfusion ◽

Laser Doppler ◽

Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy ◽

Microvascular Damage ◽

Local Skin ◽

Doppler Flowmetry ◽

Prostacyclin Analog

Objective.To investigate possible correlations between fingertip blood perfusion (FBP) status, assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and morphological microvascular abnormalities, detected by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The effects on FBP of intravenous (IV) treatment with the prostacyclin analog iloprost were also investigated.Methods.Thirty-four consecutive patients with SSc and 16 healthy subjects were evaluated. LDF was performed by analyzing blood perfusion at the fingertips in both hands. Patients with SSc were distributed into the appropriate NVC pattern of microangiopathy (early, active, and late). Iloprost was administered to inpatients with SSc by 24-hour IV infusion for 7 consecutive days (4 μg/h).Results.FBP was significantly lower in patients with SSc (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Heating of the LDF probe at 36°C induced a significant increase of FBP in all subjects (p < 0.001), but the slope of variation was significantly lower in patients with SSc compared to controls (p < 0.05). Patients with SSc showing the late NVC pattern of microangiopathy had significantly lower FBP than patients with the active and early NVC patterns (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between FBP and NVC rating of the microvascular damage (p < 0.05). After iloprost treatment, a significant increase of FBP was observed in patients with SSc (p < 0.05).Conclusion.Patients with SSc show a decreased FBP partially reversible by local skin heating. The FBP correlated negatively with the extent of nailfold microvascular damage, and IV iloprost treatment increased the FBP.

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Elevated local skin temperature impairs cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses to a simulated haemorrhagic challenge while heat stressed

Experimental Physiology ◽

10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068353 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 444-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. Pearson ◽

R. A. I. Lucas ◽

C. G. Crandall

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Local Skin ◽

Local Skin Temperature

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The Effect of Pressure on Skin Temperature Measurements for a Disk Sensor

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3426255 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. D. Mahanty ◽

R. B. Roemer

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Reactive Hyperemia ◽

Circular Disk ◽

Temperature Measurements ◽

Whole Body ◽

Local Pressure ◽

Local Skin ◽

Local Skin Temperature ◽

Skin Temperatures

In order to determine the effect of application pressure on the accuracy of skin temperature measurements for area contact sensors, low values of pressure (2-20 mm Hg) were applied to the mid-thigh and to the lateral aspect of the trochanter of human subjects using a thin, circular disk with a thermistor mounted in the base. From measurements of the local skin temperatures, it was determined that a pressure of 2 mm Hg is adequate to measure the skin temperature accurately. Applying larger pressure results in higher local skin temperatures with the thighs showing larger temperature increases than the trochanters. The results of a finite difference analysis indicate that the increases in skin temperature at higher pressures can be accounted for by the physical phenomena associated with the penetration of the sensor into the tissue. After the release of pressure, the local skin temperature immediately decreased for all subjects indicating little or no reactive hyperemia was occurring. A method of compensating for the changes in local skin temperature which are due to whole body transient thermal effects was also developed. Use of this method allows the effects of the local pressure application to be separated from the transient environmental effects.

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The influence of local skin temperature on the sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rate

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-018-04059-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 685-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Gerrett ◽

T. Amano ◽

G. Havenith ◽

Y. Inoue ◽

Narihiko Kondo

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Local Skin ◽

Local Skin Temperature ◽

Reabsorption Rate

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A gas-stream heater to control local skin temperature under evaporative sweat capsules

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1978.44.6.981 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 981-985 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. K. Kraning ◽

E. G. Schibli ◽

S. T. Momii ◽

E. A. Merrick

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Evaporative Heat Loss ◽

Target Temperature ◽

Local Skin ◽

Local Skin Temperature ◽

Inlet Tube ◽

Temperature Levels

A compact 4-W gas-stream heater for use with ventilated sweating capsules is described. The heating element is constructed from two modified 75-omega power resistors connected in parallel and contained in the capsule gas inlet tube. Heater power is controlled with integrated circuits which compare the output of a thermocouple, measuring either capsule skin or air temperature, with a predetermined target temperature. The unit responds fairly slowly to sudden large changes in target temperature, but once a steady state is achieved, maintains target temperature levels despite changes in evaporative heat loss. The device is well suited for studies in which local skin temperature or capsule air temperature must be elevated and clamped while the effects of other local stimuli or central thermoregulatory activity are studied, and in studies where the skin temperature effect on transepidermal water loss must be controlled.

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Effect of changes in local skin temperature on postural vasoconstriction in man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0740201 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ahmad A. K. Hassan ◽

J. E. Tooke

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Arteriovenous Anastomoses ◽

Local Cooling ◽

Local Skin ◽

Hot Air ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Local Skin Temperature ◽

Heart Blood

1. The effects of locally induced alterations in skin temperature on the postural changes in skin blood flow of the foot were assessed in 38 healthy subjects in a constant-temperature environment (22 ± 0.5°C, mean ± sd). 2. Moderate local cooling and warming of the foot (26–36°C) was induced by blowing cold or hot air. Higher ranges of temperature (38–44°C) were achieved by a thermostatically controlled disc heater. 3. Skin blood flow was measured before and during each change in local skin temperature using a laser Doppler flowmeter with the foot maintained at heart level, and placed passively 50 cm below the heart. Blood flow was measured in two skin areas: (i) the dorsum of the foot, where arteriovenous anastomoses are absent, and (ii) the pulp of the big toe, where these anastomoses are relatively numerous. 4. It was found that within the physiological temperature range of 26–36°C the normal postural fall in foot skin blood flow was preserved, whereas it was markedly attenuated or totally abolished at higher temperatures (38–44°C). The pattern of response was quite similar in areas having or lacking arteriovenous anastomoses. 5. It is suggested that the failure of postural vasoconstriction observed at the higher skin temperatures might contribute to some of the problems of cardiovascular adaptations seen in a hot environment.

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