Simulated pyrithiobac drift effects on corn (Zea mays) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

The uptake of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) was studied in sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf, var. Piper], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and corn (Zea maysL.) to find whether differences in atrazine uptake exist among these species. The uptake of atrazine followed closely the growth patterns of corn, sorghum, and sudangrass during the first 5 weeks of growth. Concentration of14C from ring-labeled14C-atrazine in the soil reached a peak in corn, sorghum, and sudangrass plants after 2 weeks of growth and then declined. The14C concentrations were two to three times greater in sorghum and sudangrass than in corn throughout the 5-week period. Atrazine uptake per gram of plant growth by these crops was directly proportional to the concentration of atrazine in the soil and the proportionality factors were in the order: sudangrass < sorghum ≫ corn. Total uptake and the total growth were in order: corn ≫ sorghum = sudangrass. In a study where relative humidity was a variable, the amount of atrazine absorbed per ml of water was inversely related to total water usage.

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Effects of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid on Crop Seedlings

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061920 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. W. Bovey ◽

R. E. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Grain Sorghum

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid}, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid were applied to the foliage of juvenile crop plants at 0.002, 0.009, 0.03, 0.14, and 0.56 kg/ha. Corn (Zea maysL.), oat (Avena sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and kleingrass (Panicum coloratumL.) were generally more tolerant to the herbicides than were peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), and soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.). Triclopyr was usually more phytotoxic to corn, oat, grain sorghum, and kleingrass than either 2,4,5-T or 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha, but few differences occurred among herbicides at lower rates. Kleingrass was not affected at any rate of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. Wheat tolerated most rates of all three herbicides. At 0.56 kg/ha, triclopyr and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid caused greater injury to peanuts than did 2,4,5-T; whereas, 2,4,5-T and triclopyr were more damaging to cotton and cucumber than 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. The three herbicides at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha killed soybeans. Soybean injury varied from none to severe at 0.002 to 0.03 kg/ha, depending upon species investigated, but many plants showed morphological symptoms typical of the auxin-type herbicides.

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Response of Rotational Crops to Soil Residues of Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450002659x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Mark A. Peterson ◽

W. Eugene Arnold

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Glycine Max ◽

South Dakota ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Sorghum

The response of corn (Zea maysL. ‘Sokota TS 46’), flax (Linum usitatissimumL. ‘Culbert 79’), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Merr. ‘Sokota 466’), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Corsoy 79’], and sunflowers (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Sokata 4000’) to soil residues 12 and 24 months after application of 17, 34, and 68 g ai/ha chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was determined at two locations, Redfield and Watertown, in eastern South Dakota. All crops at Redfield were injured significantly at 17 g/ha, 12 months after application as determined by plant dry weight and visual evaluations. Corn and sorghum were the most susceptible while flax was the least susceptible. Injury at Watertown was significantly less than at Redfield. Differences in carryover were related to a lower soil pH at Watertown.

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Atrazine Translocation and Metabolism in Sudangrass, Sorghum, and Corn

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500048384 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 98-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. W. Roeth ◽

T. L. Lavy

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Tracer Studies ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Plant Shoots

Root and shoot extracts of 3-week-old sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf, var. Piper], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and corn (Zea maysL.) plants degraded 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) in order: shoot > root and corn ≫ sorghum = sudangrass. In 3-week-old detopped plants, the rate of atrazine exudation was 14 times greater in sudangrass and sorghum than in corn when grown in Keith sandy loam containing 0.5 ppmw14C-atrazine. Extraction and analysis of plant shoots revealed that 7 to 8% of the14C was present as atrazine in sudangrass and sorghum whereas no atrazine was found in corn. In14C tracer studies, thin-layer chromatography showed that sudangrass and sorghum metabolized atrazine by a pathway which differed from the pathway in corn. Sudangrass and sorghum metabolized atrazine primarily to 2-chloro-4-amino-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine and 2-chloro-4-amino-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine which are only partially detoxified compounds. Corn metabolized atrazine to 2-hydroxy-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (hydroxyatrazine) which is non-phytotoxic.

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Interactions Between SAN 582H and Selected Safeners on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00039993 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eleni Kotoula-Syka ◽

Kriton K. Hatzios ◽

Sue A. Meredith

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Oxime Ether ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Naphthalic Anhydride ◽

Seed Dressing

The efficacy of the safeners naphthalic anhydride (NA), CGA-92194, and CGA-133205 as protectants of grain sorghum and of NA, R-29148, CGA-154281, and dichlormid as protectants of corn against injury from the chloroacetamide herbicide, SAN 582H, was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. SAN 582H applied alone reduced the shoot growth of ‘Funk G522DR’ and ‘Funk G623’ sorghum, but had no effect on the growth of the ‘GP-10’ genotype of sorghum. Corn (‘Northrup-King 9283’ hybrid) was considerably more tolerant than grain sorghum to SAN 582H. The rate of SAN 582H causing 50% reduction of corn shoot height (GR50) was 5.1 kg/ha as compared to 1.1 kg/ha for grain sorghum. NA applied as seed dressing at 5 or 10 g/kg seed, provided moderate protection to ‘G522DR’ and ‘G623’ sorghum and no protection to corn against SAN 582H injury. Dressing of sorghum seeds with CGA-133205 provided moderate protection to G522DR sorghum, whereas seed-applied CGA-92194 provided moderate protection to G623 sorghum against SAN 582H. The dichloroacetamide safeners R-29148, dichlormid, and CGA-154281 were all effective as protectants of corn against SAN 582H injury. These results demonstrate that, as with other chloroacetamide herbicides, the tolerance of corn and grain sorghum to SAN 582H can be enhanced with the use of safeners of the dichloroacetamide type and oxime ether type, respectively.

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Acetanilide-Antidote Combinations for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061555 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 699-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. E. Winkle ◽

J. R. C. Leavitt ◽

O. C. Burnside

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Yield Response ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Sorghum Grain ◽

Field Plots

R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) and H-31866 [N-allyl-N-(3,3-dichloroallyl)dichloroacetamide] were more effective than CDAA (N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide) in preventing yield reductions to corn (Zea maysL. ‘NB-611’) from alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] or metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] in the greenhouse. A CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoximino)-benzacetonitrile] seed treatment (1.25 g/kg) was more effective than a R-25788 tank mix in preventing yield reductions to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘G-623 GBR’] from alachlor or metolachlor in the greenhouse. Absorption of14C-alachlor by sorghum seedlings grown in petri dishes, and absorption, translocation, and metabolism of14C-metolachlor by sorghum seedlings grown in soil, were not affected by CGA-43089 seed treatment. Forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Rox Orange’] was used to simulate shatter cane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] in field plots. In the absence of Rox Orange, alachlor and metolachlor reduced sorghum grain yields. This yield reduction was prevented by a CGA-43089 seed treatment, but not by a R-25788 tank mix with herbicides. In plots seeded with 10,000 Rox Orange seed/57 m2, grain yields of sorghum increased as alachlor or metolachlor plus CGA-43089 rates increased. There was no grain yield response to any herbicide treatment in plots seeded with 50,000 Rox Orange seed/57 m2.

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EFEITO INIBITÓRIO DO SORGO GRANÍFERO NA CULTURA DA SOJA SEMEADA EM SUCESSÃO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p445-459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 445

Author(s):

EVANDRO MARCOS BIESDORF ◽

LEONARDO DUARTE PIMENTEL ◽

MATHEUS FERREIRA FRANÇA TEIXEIRA ◽

THAÍS PATRÍCIA MOREIRA TEIXEIRA ◽

ALUÍZIO BOREM DE OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Glycine Max L

RESUMO – O cultivo do sorgo granífero avança no Brasil. Todavia, existem evidências sugerindo efeito inibitório sobre a soja cultivada em sucessão. Objetivou-se investigar o efeito inibitório do cultivo de sorgo granífero (BRS 332) sobre o desempenho da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) semeada em sucessão. Para isso, realizou-se um experimento de campo em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcela subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas pelas culturas antecessoras sorgo e milho e as subparcelas, por cinco datas de semeadura da soja após a colheita das culturas antecessoras (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias após a colheita). Observou-se que o sorgo, como cultura antecessora, resultou em menores percentagens de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura de inserção de primeira vagem e número de vagens por planta de soja, apesar da produtividade de grãos não ter sido afetada. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento vegetativo inicial da soja é afetado negativamente quando a semeadura é realizada em até 40 dias após a colheita do sorgo. Contudo, o cultivo anterior de sorgo na mesma área, comparativamente ao cultivo anterior do milho, não é capaz de afetar a produtividade da soja.Palavras-chave: Glicine max, Sorghum bicolor, sorgoleone, Zea mays. INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SORGHUM ON SOYBEAN IN SUCCESSION ABSTRACT - The cultivation of grain sorghum is advancing in Brazil, however, there is evidence suggesting an inhibitory effect on soybeans grown in succession. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of grain sorghum (BRS 332) on the performance of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeded in succession. For this, a field experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design in a subdivided plot scheme. The plots were composed of the predecessor crops sorghum and maize and the subplots were five soybean sowing dates after harvesting the predecessor crops (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after harvest). It was observed that sorghum as a predecessor crop resulted in lower emergence percentages, emergence speed index, first pod insertion height and number of pods per soybean plant, although grain yield was not affected. As conclusion, the initial vegetative development of soybean was negatively affected when sowing was carried out up to 40 days after sorghum harvest. However the previous cultivation of sorghum in the same area did not affect soybean productivity, compared to the previous corn crop.Keywords: Glicine max, Sorghum bicolor, sorgoleone, Zea mays.

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