Acetanilide-Antidote Combinations for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Winkle ◽  
J. R. C. Leavitt ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Field Plots

R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) and H-31866 [N-allyl-N-(3,3-dichloroallyl)dichloroacetamide] were more effective than CDAA (N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide) in preventing yield reductions to corn (Zea maysL. ‘NB-611’) from alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] or metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] in the greenhouse. A CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoximino)-benzacetonitrile] seed treatment (1.25 g/kg) was more effective than a R-25788 tank mix in preventing yield reductions to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘G-623 GBR’] from alachlor or metolachlor in the greenhouse. Absorption of14C-alachlor by sorghum seedlings grown in petri dishes, and absorption, translocation, and metabolism of14C-metolachlor by sorghum seedlings grown in soil, were not affected by CGA-43089 seed treatment. Forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Rox Orange’] was used to simulate shatter cane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] in field plots. In the absence of Rox Orange, alachlor and metolachlor reduced sorghum grain yields. This yield reduction was prevented by a CGA-43089 seed treatment, but not by a R-25788 tank mix with herbicides. In plots seeded with 10,000 Rox Orange seed/57 m2, grain yields of sorghum increased as alachlor or metolachlor plus CGA-43089 rates increased. There was no grain yield response to any herbicide treatment in plots seeded with 50,000 Rox Orange seed/57 m2.

Wild Cane and Forage Sorghum Competition in Grain Sorghum

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Vesecky ◽  
K. C. Feltner ◽  
R. L. Vanderlip
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘RS 671’) was grown during 1969 and 1970 in competition with two other members of the same species, wild cane and Kansas Orange forage sorghum, transplanted at various densities along grain sorghum rows. All densities of wild cane and Kansas Orange significantly reduced both grain and fodder yields of grain sorghum. Grain yield was highly and positively correlated with leaf area, culm length, culms per plant, panicles per culm, seeds per panicle, and amount of light received at the grain sorghum canopy; and grain yield was negatively correlated with plant factors that benefited wild cane and Kansas Orange. Grain yield did not correlate with either plants per hectare or seed weight. Panicle size was most important in determining grain yield. Kansas Orange reduced grain yields more than did wild cane in 1969. During 1970, with less favorable rainfall, grain sorghum responded similarly to both transplanted weed types.

Antidotes Reduce Injury to Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) from Acetanilide Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Devlin ◽  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Oliver G. Russ ◽  
Philip W. Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Benzyl Ester ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seed Treatments

CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoximino)-benzacetonitrile], CGA-92194 {α-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methyl)imino] benzeneacetonitrile}, and MON-4606 [5-thiazolecarboxylic acid, benzyl ester, 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)], applied as seed treatments at 1.25 g/kg seed, prevented yield losses in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] in the field due to metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], alachlor [2-chloro-2′, 6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] or acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6′-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide] applied at 1.7, 2.2 and 1.7 kg/ha, respectively. CGA-92194, applied at 0.8 g/kg seed, prevented yield reduction from metolachlor applied at 4.5 kg/ha. MON-4606 was more effective in protecting grain sorghum when applied as a seed treatment than when applied in the furrow with a clay or sand granule as carrier.

Protection of Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) from Chloroacetanilide Herbicide Injury

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside ◽  
Gail A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Chloroacetanilide Herbicides ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Chloroacetanilide Herbicide

CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoximino)-benzacetonitrile] seed treatment was evaluated at three Nebraska locations during 1979 and 1980 for grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] protection from injury by metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], four other chloroacetanilide herbicides, and three metolachlor +s-triazine combinations. Acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6′-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide] caused the most frequent and severest injury to unprotected and protected sorghum. Soilincorporated metolachlor produced more consistent injury than preemergence application to unprotected sorghum, but placement did not affect CGA-43089 protection. Sorghum-stand reduction was the type of injury most frequently encountered, but crop yield was least affected. CGA-43089 always protected the grain sorghum from yield reduction with these herbicides.

scholarly journals Rate and Timing Effects of Growth Regulating Herbicides Applications on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Growth and Yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thierry E. Besançon ◽  
Ranjit Riar ◽  
Ronnie W. Heiniger ◽  
Randy Weisz ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Timing Effects

Dicamba and 2,4-D are among the most common and inexpensive herbicides used to control broadleaf weeds. However, different studies have pointed the risk of crop injury and grain sorghum yield reduction with postemergence applications of 2,4-D. No research data on grain sorghum response to 2,4-D or dicamba exists in the Southeastern United States. Consequently, a study was conducted to investigate crop growth and yield response to 2,4-D (100, 220, and 330 g acid equivalent ha−1) and dicamba (280 g acid equivalent ha−1) applied on 20 to 65 cm tall sorghum. Greater stunting resulted from 2,4-D applied at 330 g acid equivalent ha−1or below 45 cm tall sorghum whereas lodging prevailed with 2,4-D at 330 g acid equivalent ha−1and dicamba applied beyond 35 cm tall crop. Regardless of local environmental conditions, 2,4-D applied up to 35 cm tall did not negatively impact grain yield. There was a trend for yields to be somewhat lower when 2,4-D was applied on 45 or 55 cm tall sorghum whereas application on 65 cm tall sorghum systematically decreased yields. More caution should be taken with dicamba since yield reduction has been reported as early as applications made on 35 cm tall sorghum for a potentially dicamba sensitive cultivar.

Preplant Atrazine Applications on Sorghum

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Experiments were conducted at Lincoln and North Platte, Nebraska, during 1967 and 1968 to determine the effect of early preplant applications of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Nebraska 505′] and weed yields. Atrazine at 2.24 kg/ha was applied on separate plots preplant and incorporated about April 15, April 30, and May 15, and also preemergence without incorporation about May 17, after sorghum was planted. Sorghum grain yields were highest on plots where atrazine was applied preemergence rather than preplant due mainly to better weed control. Sorghum planted with planter units equipped with furrow openers, set to remove 2.5 to 5 cm of surface soil, had better sorghum stands and smaller weed yields than sorghum planted without removing surface soil. Sorghum population was the lowest following the April 30 atrazine application due to stand loss at North Platte, but grain yields were not significantly different from other preplant treatments since stand loss was compensated for by more heads per plant, larger heads, and larger seed.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

Atrazine Uptake by Sudangrass, Sorghum, and Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Roeth ◽  
T. L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

The uptake of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) was studied in sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf, var. Piper], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and corn (Zea maysL.) to find whether differences in atrazine uptake exist among these species. The uptake of atrazine followed closely the growth patterns of corn, sorghum, and sudangrass during the first 5 weeks of growth. Concentration of14C from ring-labeled14C-atrazine in the soil reached a peak in corn, sorghum, and sudangrass plants after 2 weeks of growth and then declined. The14C concentrations were two to three times greater in sorghum and sudangrass than in corn throughout the 5-week period. Atrazine uptake per gram of plant growth by these crops was directly proportional to the concentration of atrazine in the soil and the proportionality factors were in the order: sudangrass < sorghum ≫ corn. Total uptake and the total growth were in order: corn ≫ sorghum = sudangrass. In a study where relative humidity was a variable, the amount of atrazine absorbed per ml of water was inversely related to total water usage.

scholarly journals Bioethanol from Sorghum Grain (Sorghum bicolor) with SSF Reaction Using Biocatalyst Co-Immobilization Method of Glucoamylase and Yeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah R. Dyartanti ◽  
Margono ◽  
Sunu H. Pranolo ◽  
Budi Setiani ◽  
Anni Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Immobilization Method

Effects of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid on Crop Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Sorghum

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid}, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid were applied to the foliage of juvenile crop plants at 0.002, 0.009, 0.03, 0.14, and 0.56 kg/ha. Corn (Zea maysL.), oat (Avena sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and kleingrass (Panicum coloratumL.) were generally more tolerant to the herbicides than were peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), and soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.). Triclopyr was usually more phytotoxic to corn, oat, grain sorghum, and kleingrass than either 2,4,5-T or 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha, but few differences occurred among herbicides at lower rates. Kleingrass was not affected at any rate of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. Wheat tolerated most rates of all three herbicides. At 0.56 kg/ha, triclopyr and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid caused greater injury to peanuts than did 2,4,5-T; whereas, 2,4,5-T and triclopyr were more damaging to cotton and cucumber than 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. The three herbicides at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha killed soybeans. Soybean injury varied from none to severe at 0.002 to 0.03 kg/ha, depending upon species investigated, but many plants showed morphological symptoms typical of the auxin-type herbicides.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Pythium sp. as a Chronic Yield Reducer in a Continuous Grain Sorghum Field

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 780-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Davis ◽  
W. W. Bockus
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Seed Rot ◽  
Sorghum Production

Pythium spp. have been reported to reduce stands and cause stalk rot of grain sorghum. Evidence is presented that it also can cause a serious seed and root rot in the field under a continuous grain sorghum production system. Experiments were conducted for 4 years in a field that had been cropped continuously to grain sorghum for at least 10 years. Effects of seed treatments with captan and metalaxyl on plant stands, early to mid-season plant vigor, and grain yields were evaluated. In five field experiments, seed treatment with metalaxyl (73 g a.i./100 kg) increased grain yields by an average of 24.0% compared with nontreated seed. In three out of four field experiments, seed treatment with metalaxyl increased grain yields by an average of 13.1% above seed treated with captan (73 g a.i./100 kg). The yield increases could not always be explained in terms of differences among treatments in plant stands or in visual estimates of the amount of top growth 26 to 72 days after sowing. Apparently, the Pythium sp. causes a chronic root and seed rot that has a significant negative effect on grain production without necessarily affecting stands or early to mid-season growth. P. ultimum var. ultimum was the fungus most commonly isolated from roots and seeds collected from the field. Tests for Koch's postulates conducted in a greenhouse verified it as the causal organism. In the greenhouse, treatment with metalaxyl protected seeds and roots from attack by P. ultimum var. ultimum for at least 28 days after planting.

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