SUN-P007: The Effects of 25G Fat Containing Glucose Tolerance Test on Postprandial Triglyceride Response in Both Normal Volunteers and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Aims.To investigate the antidiabetic effect of the traditional Vietnamese herbGynostemma pentaphyllum(GP) together with sulfonylurea (SU) in 25 drug-naïve type 2 diabetic patients.Methods.After 4-week treatment with gliclazide (SU), 30 mg daily, all patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups to add on GP extract or placebo extract, 6 g daily, during eight weeks.Results.After 4-week SU treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1Cdecreased significantly (P<0.001). FPG was further reduced after add-on therapy with 2.9 ± 1.7 and 0.9 ± 0.6 mmol/L in the GP and placebo groups, respectively (P<0.001). Therapy with GP extract also reduced 30- and 120-minute oral glucose tolerance test postload values. HbA1Clevels decreased approximately 2% units in the GP group compared to 0.7% unit in the placebo group (P<0.001).Conclusion.GP extract in addition to SU offers an alternative to addition of other oral medication to treat type 2 diabetic patients.

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Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7228

Author(s):

Ching-Chia Wang ◽

Huang-Jen Chen ◽

Ding-Cheng Chan ◽

Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽

Shing-Hwa Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Glucose Transport ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.

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