Expression of cereolysine AB genes in Bacillus anthracis vaccine strain ensures protection against experimental hemolytic anthrax infection

Vaccine ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 1846-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A POMERANTSEV
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Anthrax Infection

scholarly journals A Recombinant Carboxy-Terminal Domain of the Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis Protects Mice against Anthrax Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1653-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Flick-Smith ◽  
Nicola J. Walker ◽  
Paula Gibson ◽  
Helen Bullifent ◽  
Sarah Hayward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Carboxy Terminal Domain ◽  
Anthrax Infection ◽  
Carboxy Terminal ◽  
Domain 4

ABSTRACT The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of overlapping regions of the protective antigen (PA) polypeptide, cloned and expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, have been assessed. Results show that protection can be attributed to individual domains and imply that it is domain 4 which contains the dominant protective epitopes of PA.

scholarly journals Immunization with a Recombinant, Pseudomonas fluorescens-Expressed, Mutant Form of Bacillus anthracis-Derived Protective Antigen Protects Rabbits from Anthrax Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0130952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Reed ◽  
Julie A. Wilder ◽  
William M. Mega ◽  
Julie A. Hutt ◽  
Philip J. Kuehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Anthrax Infection

2-D reference map of Bacillus anthracis vaccine strain A16R proteins

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 4488-4495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjun Wang ◽  
Tianyi Ying ◽  
Hengliang Wang ◽  
Zhaoxing Shi ◽  
Mingzhu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Reference Map

scholarly journals Biochemical and immunological characterization of anthrax spore vaccine in goat

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roy Roy ◽  
MM Rashid ◽  
MJ Ferdoush ◽  
M Dipti ◽  
MGA Chowdury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Anthrax Spore ◽  
Anthrax Infection ◽  
Fatal Course

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacterium and an acute infectious febrile septicemic disease of all warm-blooded animals including human. It is a disease of major economic importance in ruminant specially in goat characterized principally by a rapid fatal course followed by sudden death. The present investigation was under taken to determine the biochemical characterization of anthrax spore vaccine bacteria and to determine the immunological response in goat after anthrax vaccination. Anthrax vaccine was collected from local government veterinary hospital, Mymensingh which was prepared by LRI.  The goats were selected from different regions of Bangladesh. The used methods were culture of vaccine bacterial sediment in different media, staining of bacteria with Gram’s stain, and sugar fermentation tests for biochemical characterization of anthrax vaccine bacteria. Slide agglutination test and indirect ELISA tests were performed for immunological response after vaccination. Morphologically anthrax vaccine bacteria was gram positive rod shaped or short chain in anthrax vaccine sediment, culture in nutrient agar and nutrient broth. The anthrax vaccine bacteria fermented three sugars (dextrose, maltose and sucrose) and produced only acid but did not ferment two sugars (lactose and mannitol). Immunuglobulin of collected serum (Day0, Day30 and Day90) also agglutinated anthrax antigen on Day 30 and Day 90 of post immunization and onwards. Indirect ELISA provided evidence that immunization of captive and free range goat generated level of anti anthrax 1gG antibody response at Day 0 (OD Value 0.5474±0.0466) of immunization and reached its peak at Day 30 (OD Value 0.9604±0.0936) and maintained that level up to the end of the study (Day 90, OD Value 1.217±0.1129). After vaccination, immunological response was found in goat. However whether this immune response can protect natural anthrax infection need to be evaluated through challenge dose of fields isolates of Bacillus anthracis in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19140Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013).11(2): 151-157

scholarly journals Modeling the Environmental Suitability for Bacillus Anthracis Spores Survival in the Qinghai Lake Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Emmanuel Arotolu ◽  
HaoNing Wang ◽  
Lv JiaNing ◽  
Shi Kun ◽  
Van Gils Hein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
Anthrax Infection ◽  
Qinghai Lake Basin

Abstract Introduction: Bacillus anthracis spores may remain viable for many years in soil. Previous studies have identified East Qinghai and neighbouring Gansu in northwest China as a potential source of anthrax infection. This study was carried out to identify conditions and areas in the Qinghai lake basin that are environmentally suitable for Bacillus anthracis spore survival. Materials and Methods: Anthrax occurrence data from 2005 – 2016 and environmental variables were spatially modeled by a maximum entropy algorithm to evaluate the contribution of the variables to the distribution of the spore. A Principal Component and Variance Inflation Analysis were adopted to limit the number of environmental variables and minimize multicollinearity. Results: The three variables that contributed most to the suitability model for B. anthracis spores are a relatively high annual mean temperature (53%), soil type (35%), and a high human population density (12%). The most significant soil types were cambisols and kastanozems. The resulting distribution map identifies the permanently inhabited rim of the Qinghai Lake as highly suitable for the survival and persistence of the spores. Conclusion: The highly suitable areas for spores could be considered as a risk zone for Anthrax infection by spores of the livestock and the human population. Our environmental suitability map and the identified variables provides the nature reserve managers and animal health authorities readily available information to devise a surveillance strategy in B. anthracis suitable regions to abate future epidemics.

scholarly journals Bacillus anthracis edema toxin inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction via edema factor and cAMP-mediated mechanisms in isolated perfused rat lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (1) ◽  
pp. H36-H51
Author(s):  
Xizhong Cui ◽  
Jeffrey Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zoe G. Couse ◽  
Thomas F. Risoleo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase Activity ◽  
Edema Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Edema Toxin ◽  
Anthrax Infection

The most important findings here are edema toxin’s potent adenyl cyclase activity can interfere with hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, an action that could worsen hypoxemia during invasive anthrax infection with lung involvement. These findings, coupled with other studies showing that lethal toxin can disrupt pulmonary vascular integrity, indicate that both toxins can contribute to pulmonary pathophysiology during infection. In combination, these investigations provide a further basis for the use of antitoxin therapies in patients with worsening invasive anthrax disease.

scholarly journals The Poly-γ-d-Glutamic Acid Capsule of Bacillus anthracis Enhances Lethal Toxin Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 3846-3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyoun Jang ◽  
Minhui Cho ◽  
Jeong-Hoon Chun ◽  
Min-Hee Cho ◽  
Jungchan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Lethal Toxin ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anthrax Infection ◽  
Processed Form

ABSTRACTThe poly-γ-d-glutamic acid (PGA) capsule is one of the major virulence factors ofBacillus anthracis, which causes a highly lethal infectious disease. The PGA capsule disguisesB. anthracisfrom immune surveillance and allows its unimpeded growth in the host. The PGA capsule recently was reported to be associated with lethal toxin (LT) in the blood of experimentally infected animals (M. H. Cho, et al., Infect. Immun. 78:387-392, 2010). The effect of PGA, either alone or in combination with LT, on macrophages, which play an important role in the progression of anthrax disease, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of PGA on LT cytotoxicity using the mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1. PGA produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of the cytotoxicity of LT on J774A.1 cells through an enhancement in the binding and accumulation of protective antigen to its receptors. The increase of LT activity was confirmed using Western blot analysis, which showed that the combination of PGA and LT produced a greater degree of degradation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases and an increased level of the activation of the proform of caspase-1 to its processed form compared to the effects of LT alone. In addition, mice that received a tail vein injection of both PGA and LT had a significantly increased rate of death compared to that of mice injected with LT alone. PGA had no effect when added to cultures or administered to mice in the absence of LT. These results emphasize the importance of PGA in the pathogenesis of anthrax infection.

scholarly journals MyD88-Dependent Signaling Contributes to Protection following Bacillus anthracis Spore Challenge of Mice: Implications for Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 7535-7540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly A. Hughes ◽  
Candace S. Green ◽  
Lisa Lowchyj ◽  
Gloria M. Lee ◽  
Vanessa K. Grippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anthrax Infection ◽  
Host Innate Immune Response

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, gram-positive organism that is the causative agent of the disease anthrax. Recognition of Bacillus anthracis by the host innate immune system likely plays a key protective role following infection. In the present study, we examined the role of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 in the response to B. anthracis. Heat-killed Bacillus anthracis stimulated TLR2, but not TLR4, signaling in HEK293 cells and stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production in C3H/HeN, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J bone marrow-derived macrophages. The ability of heat-killed B. anthracis to induce a TNF-α response was preserved in TLR2−/− but not in MyD88−/− macrophages. In vivo studies revealed that TLR2−/− mice and TLR4-deficient mice were resistant to challenge with aerosolized Sterne strain spores but MyD88−/− mice were as susceptible as A/J mice. We conclude that, although recognition of B. anthracis occurs via TLR2, additional MyD88-dependent pathways contribute to the host innate immune response to anthrax infection.

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