The Drug Treatment of Canine Piroplasmosis. 1 1This article is abstracted from a very excellent paper on the subject, a reprint of which Professor Nuttall very kindly sent us. The original paper appeared in full in Parasitology, vol. ii., NO. 4, February, 1910, and contains, in addition to our abstract, a résumé of the earlier work by various Italian investigators, and the details of experiments by Nuttall with the aniline dyes, brilliant green, benzopurpurine, and Congo red. Previous articles on the subject have appeared in the Veterinary Journal of December, 1909, and January, 1910.

1910 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
G.A.F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Aniline Dyes ◽  
Canine Piroplasmosis

scholarly journals The Drug Treatment of Canine Piroplasmosis

Parasitology ◽  
1909 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Aniline Dyes ◽  
Canine Piroplasmosis

Before describing my further results in the treatment of canine piroplasmosis by aniline dyes, I desire to mention some earlier experiments, carried out by Italian investigators whose papers have until recently escaped my attention. The results of the Italian experiments are cited in considerable detail with a view to making it unnecessary for other workers to refer to the original papers which may be difficult of access. It is well to note that the authors in question give very little information concerning their experiments; thus Memmo, Martoglio and Adani are satisfied with giving mere clinical notes, whilst Levi della Vida omits a number of essential data from his protocols.

Age in Relation to the Treatment of Melancholia. Therapeutical Notes

1897 ◽  
Vol 43 (182) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Gasquet ◽  
John A. Cones
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Subject

On looking through some of the numerous observations on the treatment of melancholia by drugs, the most striking point is the diversity of opinion as to their use. This disagreement comes out perhaps most strongly in the case of opium, no doubt because it has been the medicine most widely tried. One leaves the study of the subject with the uncomfortable feeling that the whole drug treatment of melancholia is still quite empirical; for eminent observers press that opium should always be tried in every melancholic, while other no less eminent physicians are equally strong in condemning its use in every case. Our own excuse for adding to the over abundant literature on this subject is that we desire to point out some indication in the use of the two drugs, opium and sulphonal, to which we are convinced that more weight than is generally thought should be given. We have been repeatedly struck by the marvellous effects of opium in some cases of melancholia; and have as often been equally surprised at its utter failure in other cases closely resembling those in which we have been so successful. In hopes of finding some sufficient reason for such apparently contradictory results we have carefully examined the case books of this house for recent years, and have tabulated a sufficient number to warrant, we think, an examination of our conclusions by those who have wider opportunities. To these we have added a few non-asylum cases which we have been able to follow ourselves; which would go towards proving that these two drugs have an action independent of any advantage in any general asylum here. We do not propose to go fully into each case, as this would be unnecessary waste of space, and our remarks can be readily followed by a glance at the tables. No attempt has been made to classify, to arrange, or to select the cases beyond choosing only those in which opium or sulphonal has been given. One selection indeed we could not avoid. The material on which we have had to work being almost exclusively drawn from the upper and middle classes, it was inevitable that our patients should be drawn from the same classes; but this will probably not invalidate our conclusions.

scholarly journals Canine Piroplasmosis. I

1904 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F Nuttali
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Canine Piroplasmosis

The disease which is the subject of this paper is one of a group of diseases affecting different animals, and caused by parasites possessing very similar characters. The diseases produced by parasites of the genus Piroplasma appear to closely resemble each other, and for this reason it is well to follow the terminology adopted by French investigators in speaking of any one of the diseases in question as a Piroplasmosis. Not only are the parasites similar in these diseases, but they also appear, in all cases where the subject has been worked out, to be transmitted by species of Ixodoidea or Ticks.

scholarly journals Further Experiments upon the Drug Treatment of Canine Piroplasmosis

Parasitology ◽  
1909 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall ◽  
S. Hadwen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Canine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Apparent Influence

1. Trypanblau injected subcutaneously into dogs a day before or a day after they have been inoculated with blood containing Piroplasma canis effectually prevents the development of piroplasmosis by destroying the parasites at the onset of infection.2. Trypanblau given by the mouth is ineffective, since it exerts no apparent influence either upon the parasite or upon the course of the disease.3. Tryparosan, when injected subcutaneously or when given by the mouth, has no effect upon the parasite and is ineffective as a remedy against piroplasmosis in the dog.

scholarly journals Noncompliance with drug therapy of glaucoma: a review about intervening factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldemar Nemésio Brandão Vilela de Castro ◽  
Wander Araújo Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Keywords Glaucoma ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Patient Noncompliance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intervening Factors

Glaucoma is defined as an optic neuropathy, characterized for loss of visual field and injury of the optic nerve, being considered as the second cause of blindness in the world, which could be prevented by the use of antiglaucoma eyedrops. The lack of adhesion of the patient to the drug treatment can culminate with loss of the vision. The objective was to revise possible literature data regarding intervening factors for noncompliance and explain estimated rates of noncompliance. A systematic review about the subject was carried out in the period of January to June of 2006. Articles had been searched in two data bases, in the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and in the Literature Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) using the following keywords: glaucoma, compliance of the patient, noncompliance of the patient, treatment and eyedrops. In PUBMED, 199 articles were collected, written in English and French languages. No article was found in LILACS. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected, with 25 originals and two reviews. Twelve possible intervening factors for noncompliance were raised, as well as estimates for rates of noncompliance. The noncompliance rates varied from 4.6% up to 59%. Two factors, forgetfulness and inadequate between-doses interval, had been associated to noncompliance of the drug therapy. The factors race, adverse effects, treatment cost, number of instilled doses, coexisting illnesses and number of eyedrops used, had resulted contradictory, being impossible to affirm that they have contributed for noncompliance. Age, sex, educational level and loss of visual field, had not been associated with noncompliance. The glaucoma patients tended to disregard the drug treatment. The wide variation in noncompliance rates could be an influence from the authors' difficulty to define the noncompliance and the variety of methodologies used to estimate it. More studies are necessary for a better evaluation of these 12 raised factors.

Myasthenia Gravis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
PATRICK F. BRAY
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
York City ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
General Management ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
The Subject

The need for a monograph on the subject of myasthenia gravis has been considerable because the clinical management of this multifaceted problem requires precise knowledge of therapeutic details together with a reasonable knowledge of the disturbed neuromuscular physiology. The author has laid emphasis in this text on the practical clinical matters of diagnosis, drug treatment and general management. His personal experience with 350 cases of myasthenia gravis seen at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City provides the groundwork for his discussion. The incidence of this condition is not well known, but the author and other workers feel that for every known patient with myasthenia, one or two patients with the disease remain undetected.

scholarly journals Notes on the Drug Treatment of Canine Piroplasmosis

Parasitology ◽  
1908 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall ◽  
G. S. Graham-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Canine Piroplasmosis

The observations relating to the treatment of canine piroplasmosis by means of drugs are usually very briefly recorded so that the precise conditions under which they were conducted cannot be ascertained.

scholarly journals Drug treatment of personality disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Considerable Body

For many involved in the management of people with personality disorders the title of this article may appear to be a contradiction; drugs may alter mental state but intrinsically seem unlikely to alter personality. Nevertheless, drugs are available for treating personality disorders (even though none of them are licensed for these conditions). So it is hardly surprising that there is now a considerable body of literature on the subject which has recently been extensively reviewed (Stein, 1992) but which has attracted more attention since personality disorders have achieved greater prominence in all parts of psychiatric practice.

The Drug Treatment of Piroplasmosis in Cattle

Parasitology ◽  
1909 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall ◽  
S. Hadwen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Rapid Effect ◽  
Canine Piroplasmosis

1. Trypanblau promises to be an efficient remedy for bovine piroplasmosis, since it exerts a direct and obvious effect upon the parasites.2. The effect of the drug upon Piroplasma bovis is similar to that which it produces upon the canine parasite. The dividing forms are the first to disappear, and after a few hours the pyriform parasites also disappear from the peripheral circulation; the parasites which are detected in the blood after a few hours appear degenerated and rounded or irregular; within nine to 45 hours or less all the parasites have disappeared from the blood.3. As in canine piroplasmosis the disappearance of the parasites from the blood may be temporary. The parasites also disappear and reappear in small numbers (after two to 11 days) in animals undergoing natural recovery. In three treated animals the parasites reappeared in exceedingly small numbers after five to six days; in two they had not reappeared after 16 and 18 days respectively. The animals show no symptoms and progress towards recovery.4. It remains to be detercnined (1) how long the blood of treated cows may contain parasites after the apparent recovery, (2) if the parasites in such recovered animals are altered in virulence, (3) if the parasites are capable of infecting ticks.5. The experiments were conducted on nine cows, of which four served as controls and five were treated with trypanblau. Of the controls two suffered from haemoglobinuria, and one of these died of piroplasmosis; the two other controls had no haemoglobinuria and were very mild cases. All of the treated cows had haemoglobinuria and recovered. In four of the treated cows haemoglobinuria occurred before treatment began.6. As might be expected, the drug exerts a more rapid effect when injected intravenously. The parasites disappear more slowly after subcutaneous injection of the drug. (Judging from our recent experiments on dogs, the giving of the drug per os promises to be without effect. See This Journal, p. 231.)7. Although doses of 150–200 c.c. of a saturated watery solution of the dye were used, it is probable that smaller doses will prove efficient. The drug appears to produce no ill-effects upon cattle.8. The drug, being a dye, has the disadvantage of colouring the tissues, more especially the subcutaneous connective tissues. How long the colouration persists remains to be determined. In any case this disadvantage can scarcely weigh in the balance as against saving the life of the animal, especially when used for breeding purposes.9. We hope that experiments, which are about to be conducted in the field in Africa and elsewhere, will demonstrate the value of the remedy in practice.10. Trypanblau and similar drugs should be given a trial in the treatment of Carçeag in sheep and Biliary Fever in horses.

scholarly journals Silver ions as EM marker of congo red ligation sites in amyloids and amyloid-like aggregates

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rybarska ◽  
Leszek Konieczny ◽  
Anna Jagusiak ◽  
Katarzyna Chłopaś ◽  
Grzegorz Zemanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complexation Process

Congo red (CR) which is known to act as selective amyloid ligand may when binds to these protein forms reflect their internal molecular structure. The disclosure by EM of sites binding the dye and their distribution in amyloids and amyloid-like aggregates formed in vitro is the focus of our work. In order to produce the required contrast, CR has been indirectly combined with metal via including by intercalation of Titan yellow (TY) which exhibits relatively strong affinity for silver ions. The resulting combined ligand retains its ability to bind to proteins which it owes to CR and can easily be detected in EM studies thanks to TY less active in penetration to proteins. We have found however that in protein aggregates where unfolding is stabilized by aggregation and therefore irreversible, TY alone may serve as both ligand and metal carrier.The formation of ordered structures in amyloids were studied using IgG light chains with amyloidogenic properties, converted into amyloids through shaking. The resulting EM images were subjected to interpretation on the basis of the authors’ earlier research into the CR/light chain complexation process. Results indicate that dimeric light chains, which are the subject of our study, produce amyloids or amyloid-like complexes with chain-like properties and strong helicalization tendencies. Cursory analysis suggests that edge polypeptide loops belonging to unstable light chains form intermolecular bridges which promote creation of loose gel deposits, or are otherwise engaged in swapping processes leading to higher structural ordering.

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