About the clinic of acute poisoning with nitrogen oxides and their prevention

Nitrogases or nitrogen oxides are formed during a number of industrial processes (production of sulfuric acid, picric acid, aniline dyes, explosives, metal pickling, engraving, zinc printing, electrical discharges, etc.).

The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with an estimated half a million new cases and 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. This pathology mainly affects men. Men have a higher risk (4:1) of developing bladder cancer than women. Cigarette smoking and exposure to chemicals such as aromatic amines, and aniline dyes have been established as risk factors for bladder cancer and may contribute to the sex disparity. Male internal genitalia, including the urothelium and prostate, are derived from urothelial sinus endoderm; both tissues express the androgen receptor (AR). Several investigations have shown evidence that the AR plays an important role in the initiation and development of different types of cancer including bladder cancer. In this article, we summarize the available data that help to explain the role of the AR in the development and progression of bladder cancer, as well as the therapies used for its treatment.

The volume of changes in the nerve cells of the intervertebral nodes in the active state

The Nissl method showed that every nerve cell consists of two substances: the main one, which does not stain with this treatment, and the other, interspersed with the first, having a selective affinity for the main aniline dyes. The type, method of distribution in the nerve cell of this chromophilic substance is different depending on the nature of the group to which this nerve cell belongs. Most often, this substance is in the form of grains, differing in an extreme variety of size and shape. This new word in the study of the structure of the nerve cell gave, together with the darkness, a new basis for the study of the issue of changes in the nervous cells in the active state. Thanks to this, a number of studies by authors appeared, such as Hodge, Vas, Mann, Lambert, Lugaro, Levi, Valensa, Magini, whose purpose was to answer the question whether the nerve cells change during activity, and if they change, then what are these changes, which is, consequently, the histological picture of the process of excitation of the nerve cell. To regret, the data, which appeared to answer this question, disagree with each other. In fact, the size of the calm nerve cells, decreasing with irritation, according to Hodge, increases according to Vas and according to Lambert's opinion, they remain without changes. Chromophiles according to Vas and Lambert, moving into an irritated cell to the periphery, according to the opinion of the other authors, do not change their position. The amount of nuclear chromatin increasing along Vas decreases according to Mann. Also contradictory data and volume of changes in the size of the nucleus and nucleolus. Only one thing is that all researchers agree, this is that neither the size nor the number of chromophiles change during the appearance of irritation of the nerve cell. True, Mann says that during rest, various coloring substances accumulate in the cell, which are then consumed during activity, but this indication does not seem to refer to chromophiles, but to the chromatin of the nucleus.

Stains for entomological microtechnique: simple stains for whole mounts and dissection

Slide mounted entomological specimens often require the aid of contrast techniques to improve the clarity of morphological characteristics. Methods can involve the use of techniques such as Phase contrast, Dark field or differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC), however where an entomologist may only have access to simple brightfield microscopy chemical staining of the specimen may be used to improve contrast. For whole mounts of entomological specimens, a single stain, occasionally two, are often used, in comparison to histological sections that often employ multiple stains in complex protocols. A number of authors have proposed different stains and staining methods for a number of insect groups with few considering the long term qualities of the stain, it has previously been shown that aniline dyes are prone to fading in Canada Balsam mounts, and that some stains fade even when protected from sunlight. This paper aims to summarise the knowledge of stains used for entomological specimens and provide details on the archival qualities.

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of cationic aniline dyes from the Technical University of Dresden Historical Collection of Dyes

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry has been used to analyse a range of cationic aniline dyes from the 19th century. Mauveine from the Chandler museum is used as a standard for comparison. This consists of a typical W. H. Perkin mixture of mauveine A and B. Mauveine from a historic collection in Dresden is different and consists of mainly mauveine A and a monomethyl mauveine chromophore. Possible synthetic routes and its significance are discussed. Three samples of phenylated rosanilines have been analysed, and a list of 19 possible components compiled. An analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry works well on this complex mixture giving clear information on retention times and accurate mass molecular weights. Mono-, di- and triphenylrosanilines are present in two samples, and a third sample has mainly monophenylrosaniline. In each sample, a small amount of higher molecular weight homologues appear. The thin-layer chromatography plate, from left to right, has fuchsin or rosaniline then mono-, di- and triphenylrosaniline. The two spots on the right-hand side are blue, and the two spots on the left-hand side are red.