Strategy of Digitalization and Real Russian Economy

The article is devoted to analyzing realization of the declared recently thesis on general digital transformation of Russian economy and real situation connected with implementing national program and project “Digital Economy of the RF”. As an example a construction industry and agriculture are regarded. A conclusion is made that valuable digitalization of these industries is impossible without changing the economic strategy of the country. The present construction boom causes huge inflow of migrants, who cannot use digital technologies, and makes living in large cities more and more discomforting. And to speak on digitalization of agriculture on the whole doesn›t make sense at all. Fair realization of separate projects in different industries of agro-industry complex that allow getting maximally rapid effect from their introduction is possible.

Vaccination induces rapid protection against bacterial pneumonia via training alveolar macrophage in mice

Vaccination strategies for rapid protection against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection are very important, especially for hospitalized patients who have high risk of exposure to these bacteria. However, few such vaccination strategies exist due to a shortage of knowledge supporting their rapid effect. Here, we demonstrated that a single intranasal immunization of inactivated whole cell of Acinetobacter baumannii elicits rapid protection against broad A. baumannii-infected pneumonia via training of innate immune response in Rag1-/- mice. Immunization-trained alveolar macrophages (AMs) showed enhanced TNF-α production upon restimulation. Adoptive transfer of immunization-trained AMs into naive mice mediated rapid protection against infection. Elevated TLR4 expression on vaccination-trained AMs contributed to rapid protection. Moreover, immunization-induced rapid protection was also seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia models, but not in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae model. Our data reveal that a single intranasal immunization induces rapid and efficient protection against certain Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia via training AMs response, which highlights the importance and the possibility of harnessing trained immunity of AMs to design rapid-effecting vaccine.

Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the Control of Costalimaita ferruginea (Fabricius, 1801)

Aims: Evaluate the insecticidal effect of the aqueous extract of neem leaves on the control of Costalimaita ferruginea in eucalyptus. Place and Duration of Study: Entomology Laboratory of the Center for Agricultural Sciences (CCA) of the State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL) between November 2016 and July 2017. Methodology: Neem aqueous extract solutions were tested at concentrations of 40, 60 and 80%, and the control group treated with mineral water. Leaves of eucalyptus seedlings were immersed in each concentration and individualized in Petri dishes together with the insects. The design was completely randomized with four treatments and ten repetitions, each repetition consisting of a Petri dish with an insect and a eucalyptus leaf. The evaluations were carried out daily, analyzing the mortality of adults, and the leaves were replaced by others submitted to the same treatment and procedure described above. Results: In the evaluations of 12, 60, 72 and 84 hours there was no significant difference. 36 hours after the implementation of the experiment, the 60% neem concentration resulted in 100% mortality of specimens. Conclusion: The 60% neem concentration is the most efficient due to its rapid effect on C. ferruginea mortality and economy of raw material for production.

Are we withholding the most effective treatment for severe depression from our patients?

SUMMARYIn response to an article on recent advances in the use of ECT for depression, this commentary supports earlier and more extensive use of the treatment. It challenges the belief that ECT is associated with a higher risk of cognitive deficits and mortality and points out its rapid effect compared with antidepressant medication. It calls for clinicians to remain up to date regarding ECT and consider its opportune use in severe depression.

Vaccination-induced rapid protection against bacterial pneumonia via training alveolar macrophage in mice

Vaccination strategies for rapid protection against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection are very important, especially for hospitalized patients who have high risk of exposure to these bacteria. However, few such vaccination strategies exist due to a shortage of knowledge supporting their rapid effect. Here we demonstrated a single intranasal immunization of inactivated whole cell (IWC) of Acinetobacter baumannii elicits rapid protection against A. baumannii-infected pneumonia via training of innate immune response in Rag1-/- mice. Immunization-trained alveolar macrophages (AMs) showed enhanced TNF-α production upon restimulation. Adoptive transfer of immunization-trained AMs into naive mice mediated rapid protection against infection. Elevated TLR4 expression on vaccination-trained AMs contributed to rapid protection. Moreover, immunization-induced rapid protection was also seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia models, but not in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae model. Our data reveal that a single intranasal immunization induces rapid and efficient protection against certain Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia via training AMs response, which highlights the importance and the possibility of harnessing trained immunity of AMs to design rapid-effecting vaccine.

Modern anesthesia in obstetrics as a component of the concept of safe anesthesia

Background. Anesthesia should be selected individually for each labor. Systemic analgesia of labor includes suggestive analgesia, narcotic analgesics, local infiltration and regional blockade, inhalation analgesia. It should be noted that there is no analgesic, sedative or local anesthetic that does not penetrate the placenta, affecting the fetus in any way. Objective. To describe modern anesthesia in obstetrics. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this issue. Results and discussion. Three groups of antispasmodics are used for analgesia: neurotropic (atropine, scopolamine), myotropic (papaverine, drotaverine) and neuromyotropic (baralgin). The main non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for this purpose include metamizole sodium, ketorolac tromethamine, diclofenac sodium. Inhalation autoanalgesia with nitrous oxide (N2O) is effective only in 30-50 % of women. When the concentration of N2O exceeds 50 %, the sedative effect increases and oxygenation decreases, which leads to the loss of consciousness and protective laryngeal reflexes. Such analgesia is indicated for low-risk patients who have refused from regional anesthesia. Epidural anesthesia (EDA) is the gold standard of labor anesthesia. The advantages of EDA include the option to change the degree of analgesia, the ability to continue pain relief until the end of labor and the minimal impact on the condition of both child and mother. Before manipulation, be sure to determine the platelet count and heart rate of the fetus. It is recommended to start EDA in the latent stage of labor. In patients with uterine scarring, early EDA is a mandatory component of medical care. The woman’s wish is the main indication for EDA. Indications for early catheterization of the epidural space include the presence of twins, preeclampsia, obesity, respiratory tract with special features. Headache is the most common complication of EDA. The use of pencil-point spinal needles minimizes the frequency of this complication. Adequate analgesia for uncomplicated labor should be performed with minimal concentrations of anesthetics with the least possible motor block. Local anesthetics (lidocaine, bupivacaine (Longocaine, “Yuria-Pharm”), ropivacaine) are used for EDA). Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia provides a rapid effect and long-term analgesia. For this purpose, 0.25 % Longocaine heavy (“Yuria-Pharm”) 2 mg and fentanyl 20 μg are administered intrathecally, followed by 0.225 % Longocaine 10 mg and fentanyl 20 μg epidurally. The technique of epidural dural puncture is a modification of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. This technique improves the caudal spread of analgesia compared to the epidural technique without the side effects seen with spinal-epidural anesthesia. The ideal local anesthetic should be safe for both mother and fetus, provide sufficient analgesia with minimal motor block, and not affect labor process. A single spinal injection of opioids may be effective, but it should be limited in time. The use of systemic opioids during labor increases the need for resuscitation of newborns and worsens the condition of their acid-base balance compared to basic regional anesthesia. Catheter techniques can be used in case of the increased labor duration. Nalbuphine (“Yuria-Pharm”), which eliminates the side effects of regional anesthesia, can also be successfully used. Analgesic effect of paracetamol (Infulgan, “Yuria-Pharm”) in case of intravenous administration exceeds the analgetic effect of tramadol, and the effect on the newborn condition according to the Apgar scale does not differ (Meenakshi et al., 2015). Paracetamol (Infulgan) is moderately effective for perineal pain on the first day after delivery. The possibility of use during lactation is an another advantage of paracetamol. Conclusions. 1. Pain during labor is an extremely stressful factor, so women should have access to quality analgesia and anesthesia. 2. There is no analgesic, sedative or local anesthetic that does not penetrate the placenta, affecting the fetus. 3. EDA is the gold standard of labor anesthesia. 4. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia provides rapid effect and long-term analgesia. 5. The use of systemic opioids during labor increases the need for resuscitation of newborns and worsens the condition of their acid-base balance. 6. Nalbuphine and Infulgan have been used successfully for labor pain relief.

Synthesis And Comparative Evaluation Of Traditional Herbomineral Nanoceuticals For Their Haemopoietic Activity

The traditional System of medicine comprises a wide variety of formulations for various ailments. It is essential to Standardize Ayurvedic drugs so that drugs having good quality can be used for better effect. Standardization is not only limited to the final preparation, but it also includes the materials used during the development and SOP adopted and the equipment used. The present study is an attempt to prepare anti anaemic herbomineral nanoceutical by two different processes, and to standardize and evaluate the haemopoietic effect of the prepared formulations and compare with a marketed formulation. Preparation was done based on Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia. Formulations were characterized by conventional methods and by AAS, XRD, EDAX, SEM, TGA, and IR. The toxicity and anti-anaemic effectiveness are evaluated by using albino Wister rats and histopathology and cytotoxicity studies. Products have a crystalline nature (XRD). TGA shows the decomposition temp of ferric oxide. SEM EDAX revealed surface smoothness and nano to the micro size of particles. AAS shows that the elements are within the prescribed limits. The in-process Standardization shows the effectiveness of adjuvants. There is an increase of haemoglobin and body weight on day 75 for first preparation than the Second and were comparable to that of standard. No toxicity in all rats and indicated no renal and gastrointestinal toxicity. The size, smoother surface, and the therapeutic effectiveness of the herbominerals prepared by the two methods can be attributed to the calcination steps and adjuvants. Thus, maybe dose reduction and rapid effect can be achieved.