5E-2 The impact of breastfeeding on long-term child health and development

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. S43
Author(s):  
W. Oddy
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals mHealth tool to improve community health agent performance for child development: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Peru

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e028361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Michael Westgard ◽  
Natalia Rivadeneyra ◽  
Patricia Mechael
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionCultivating child health and development creates long-term impact on the well-being of the individual and society. The Amazon of Peru has high levels of many risk factors that are associated with poor child development. The use of ‘community health agents’ (CHAs) has been shown to be a potential solution to improve child development outcomes. Additionally, mobile information and communication technology (ICT) can potentially increase the performance and impact of CHAs. However, there is a knowledge gap in how mobile ICT can be deployed to improve child development in low resource settings.Methods and analysisThe current study will evaluate the implementation and impact of a tablet-based application that intends to improve the performance of CHAs, thus improving the child-rearing practices of caregivers and ultimately child health and development indicators. The CHAs will use the app during their home visits to record child health indicators and present information, images and videos to teach key health messages. The impact will be evaluated through an experimental cluster randomised controlled trial. The clusters will be assigned to the intervention or control group based on a covariate-constrained randomisation method. The impact on child development scores, anaemia and chronic malnutrition will be assessed with an analysis of covariance. The secondary outcomes include knowledge of healthy child-rearing practices by caregivers, performance of CHAs and use of health services. The process evaluation will report on implementation outcomes. The study will be implemented in the Amazon region of Peru with children under 4. The results of the study will provide evidence on the potential of a mHealth tool to improve child health and development indicators in the region.Ethics and disseminationThe study received approval from National Hospital ‘San Bartolome’ Institutional Ethics Committee on 8 November 2018 (IRB Approval #15463–18) and will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN43591826.

scholarly journals ‘What about the dads?’ Linking fathers and children in administrative data: A systematic scoping review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172110692
Author(s):  
Irina Lut ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Margaret O’Brien ◽  
Jenny Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Paternal Involvement ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Health Claims Data ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Impact

Research has shown that paternal involvement positively impacts on child health and development. We aimed to develop a conceptual model of dimensions of fatherhood, identify and categorise methods used for linking fathers with their children in administrative data, and map these methods onto the dimensions of fatherhood. We carried out a systematic scoping review to create a conceptual framework of paternal involvement and identify studies exploring the impact of paternal exposures on child health and development outcomes using administrative data. We identified four methods that have been used globally to link fathers and children in administrative data based on family or household identifiers using address data, identifiable information about the father on the child's birth registration, health claims data, and Personal Identification Numbers. We did not identify direct measures of paternal involvement but mapping linkage methods to the framework highlighted possible proxies. The addition of paternal National Health Service numbers to birth notifications presents a way forward in the advancement of fatherhood research using administrative data sources.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on pre-school children’s eating, activity and sleep behaviours: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Clarke ◽  
R Kipping ◽  
S Chambers ◽  
K Willis ◽  
H Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Healthy Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

AbstractBackgroundIn spring 2020, the COVID-19 lockdown placed unprecedented restrictions on the behaviour and movements of the UK population. Citizens were ordered to ‘stay at home’, only allowed to leave their houses to buy essential supplies, attend medical appointments or exercise once a day. This qualitative study explored how ‘lockdown’ and its subsequent easing changed young children’s everyday activities, eating and sleep habits to gain insight into the impact for health and wellbeing.MethodsIn summer 2020 we interviewed 20 parents of children due to start school in September 2020 (aged 3-5 years) by phone or video call to explore their experiences of lockdown and its easing. We recruited participants through nurseries and local Facebook community groups in the South West and West Midlands of England. Half the sample were from Black, Asian or Minority Ethnic backgrounds and half lived in the most deprived quintile. We analysed interviews using thematic analysis.ResultsChildren’s activity, screen time, eating, and sleep routines had some level of disruption. Parents reported children ate more snacks during lockdown, but also spent more time preparing meals and eating as a family. Most parents reported a reduction in their children’s physical activity and an increase in screen time, which some linked to difficulties in getting their child to sleep. Parents sometimes expressed guilt about changes in activity, screen time and snacking over lockdown. Most felt these changes would be temporary with no lasting impact, though others worried about re-establishing healthy routines.ConclusionsThe spring COVID-19 lockdown negatively impacted on pre-school children’s eating, activity and sleep routines. While some positive changes were reported, there were wide-spread reports of lack of routines, habits and boundaries which, at least in the short-term, were likely to have been detrimental for child health and development. Guidance and support for families during times of COVID-19 restrictions could be valuable to help them maintain healthy activity, eating, screen-time and sleeping routines to protect child health and ensure unhealthy habits are not adopted.

scholarly journals Addressing inequities in child health and development: towards social justice

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Spencer ◽  
Shanti Raman ◽  
Bernadette O'Hare ◽  
Giorgio Tamburlini
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

Inequities have a profound impact on the health and development of children globally. While inequities are greatest in the world’s poorest countries, even in rich nations poorer children have poorer health and developmental outcomes. From birth through childhood to adolescence, morbidity, mortality, growth and development are socially determined, resulting in the most disadvantaged having the highest risk of poor health outcomes. Inequities in childhood impact across the life course. We consider four categories of actions to promote equity: strengthening individuals, strengthening communities, improving living and working conditions, and promoting healthy macropolicies. Inequities can be reduced but action to reduce inequities requires political will. The International Society for Social Paediatrics and Child Health (ISSOP) calls on governments, policy makers, paediatricians and professionals working with children and their organisations to act to reduce child health inequity as a priority. ISSOP recommends the following: governments act to reduce child poverty; ensure rights of all children to healthcare, education and welfare are protected; basic health determinants such as adequate nutrition, clean water and sanitation are available to all children. Paediatric and child health organisations ensure that their members are informed of the impact of inequities on children’s well-being and across the life course; include child health inequities in curricula for professionals in training; publish policy statements relevant to their country on child health inequities; advocate for evidence-based pro-equity interventions using a child rights perspective; advocate for affordable, accessible and quality healthcare for all children; promote research to monitor inequity as well as results of interventions in their child populations. Paediatricians and child health professionals be aware of the impact of social determinants of health on children under their care; ensure their clinical services are accessible and acceptable to all children and families within the constraints of their country’s health services; engage in advocacy at community and national level.

scholarly journals Data linkage methods for fathers and children: A scoping review.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Lut ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Margaret O'Brien ◽  
Jenny Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Paternal Involvement ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Linkage Methods ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Health Claims Data ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Impact

Research has shown that paternal involvement positively impacts on child health and development. We aimed to develop a conceptual model of dimensions of fatherhood, identify and categorise methods used for linking fathers with their children in administrative health data, and map these methods onto the dimensions of fatherhood.We carried out a systematic scoping review to create a conceptual framework of paternal involvement and identify studies exploring the impact of paternal exposures on child health and development outcomes using administrative data.We identified four methods that have been used globally to link fathers and children in administrative data based on family or household identifiers using address data, identifiable information about the father on the child’s birth registration, health claims data, and Personal Identification Numbers (PINs). We did not identify direct measures of paternal involvement but mapping linkage methods to the framework highlighted possible proxies. The addition of paternal NHS numbers to birth notifications presents a way forward in the advancement of fatherhood research using administrative data sources.

scholarly journals Substance use in pregnancy: The medical challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry-Ann Louw
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Substance use contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. Growing numbers of women use nicotine, alcohol, and illicit substances. Women are the most vulnerable to problematic substance use in their reproductive years. The first 1000 days of life, starting at conception, have been established as a critical window of time for long-term health and development. Substance use in pregnancy is associated with negative pregnancy and child health outcomes. The impact of antenatal substance use on these outcomes needs to be considered within a challenging and complex context. This review provides an overview of the current literature on the impact of substances on pregnancy and child outcomes as well as the evidence and guidelines on screening and interventions for women using substances during pregnancy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Early Childhood (COPE): study protocol for a prospective, multicentre biobank, survey and database cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e049376
Author(s):  
Ylva Carlsson ◽  
Lina Bergman ◽  
Mehreen Zaigham ◽  
Karolina Linden ◽  
Ola Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Early Parenthood ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is limited knowledge on how the SARS-CoV-2 affects pregnancy outcomes. Studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 in early pregnancy are scarce and information on long-term follow-up is lacking.The purpose of this project is to study the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes and long-term maternal and child health by: (1) establishing a database and biobank from pregnant women with COVID-19 and presumably non-infected women and their infants and (2) examining how women and their partners experience pregnancy, childbirth and early parenthood in the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisThis is a national, multicentre, prospective cohort study involving 27 Swedish maternity units accounting for over 86 000 deliveries/year. Pregnant women are included when they: (1) test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 group) or (2) are non-infected and seek healthcare at one of their routine antenatal visits (screening group). Blood, as well as other biological samples, are collected at different time points during and after pregnancy. Child health up to 4 years of age and parent experience of pregnancy, delivery, early parenthood, healthcare and society in general will be examined using web-based questionnaires based on validated instruments. Short- and long-term health outcomes will be collected from Swedish health registers and the parents’ experiences will be studied by performing qualitative interviews.Ethics and disseminationConfidentiality aspects such as data encryption and storage comply with the General Data Protection Regulation and with ethical committee requirements. This study has been granted national ethical approval by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (dnr 2020-02189 and amendments 2020-02848, 2020-05016, 2020-06696 and 2021-00870) and national biobank approval by the Biobank Väst (dnr B2000526:970). Results from the project will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04433364.

scholarly journals Impact of clinical subtypes of preterm birth on child health and development

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Metcalfe ◽  
Paul Brown ◽  
Carly McMorris ◽  
Kathleen Chaput ◽  
Maria Ospina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Short And Long Term

IntroductionPreterm birth (birth <37 weeks of gestation) is common. While the clinical conditions leading to preterm birth are heterogeneous, most studies examining the short- and long-term consequences of preterm birth on child health and development, only consider the gestational age at delivery, and not the underlying mechanism of preterm birth. Objectives and ApproachMaternal hospitalization and perinatal data for deliveries occurring in Alberta, Canada in 2004, 2009, and 2014 were linked to identify underlying mechanisms for delivery (i.e., infection/inflammation (I/I), placental dysfunction (PD), both, or neither). Linked hospitalization, emergency department, and physician claims data were used to assess child health outcomes up to age 10. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in the absolute rate of each outcome stratified by gestational age at delivery and underlying mechanism for delivery. Logistic regression was used to assess relative differences following adjustment for confounders compared to term infants without exposure to I/I or PD. ResultsA total of 134,424 children were included in the analysis. For preterm births occurring <32 weeks of gestation, no differences were observed in child health outcomes based on the underlying mechanism of preterm birth. However, infants born at 32-33 weeks following PD compared to I/I had significantly higher odds (PD:69.1%, OR=29.7, 95% CI:25.7-34.2 vs. I/I:47.2%, OR=18.7, 95% CI:16.8-20.9) of neonatal morbidity; while those born at 34-36 weeks had increased odds of neonatal morbidity (PD:21.1%, OR=5.1, 95% CI: 4.7-5.5 vs. I/I:16.2%, OR=3.7, 95% CI:3.4-3.9) and developmental disabilities (PD:3.3%, OR=2.2, 95% CI:1.8-2.6 vs. I/I:1.6%, OR=1.7, 95% CI:1.4-2.0). No differences were observed in mortality by sub-type of preterm birth; however, as expected perinatal mortality rates were significantly more common in preterm than term births. Conclusion/ImplicationsBoth the short- and long-term outcomes of preterm birth differ by the underlying mechanism leading to preterm delivery. Having a clearer prognosis for infants born preterm may promote the use of clinical interventions earlier for children at increased risk, leading to improved child health and development.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on preschool children’s eating, activity and sleep behaviours: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e051497
Author(s):  
Joanne Clarke ◽  
Ruth Kipping ◽  
Stephanie Chambers ◽  
Kate Willis ◽  
Hilary Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Healthy Activity ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesIn spring 2020, the first COVID-19 national lockdown placed unprecedented restrictions on the behaviour and movements of the UK population. Citizens were ordered to ‘stay at home’, only allowed to leave their houses to buy essential supplies, attend medical appointments or exercise once a day. We explored how lockdown and its subsequent easing changed young children’s everyday activities, eating and sleep habits to gain insight into the impact for health and well-being.DesignIn-depth qualitative interviews; data analysed using thematic analysis.SettingSouth West and West Midlands of England.ParticipantsTwenty parents (16 mothers; 4 fathers) of preschool-age children (3–5 years) due to start school in September 2020. Forty per cent of the sample were from Black, Asian or minority ethnic backgrounds and half lived in the most deprived areas.ResultsChildren’s activity, screen time, eating and sleep routines had been disrupted. Parents reported children ate more snacks, but families also spent more time preparing meals and eating together. Most parents reported a reduction in their children’s physical activity and an increase in screen time, which some linked to difficulties in getting their child to sleep. Parents sometimes expressed guilt about changes in activity, screen time and snacking over lockdown. Most felt these changes would be temporary, though others worried about re-establishing healthy routines.ConclusionsParents reported that lockdown negatively impacted on preschool children’s eating, activity and sleep routines. While some positive changes were identified, many participants described lack of routines, habits and boundaries which may have been detrimental for child health and development. Guidance and support for families during COVID-19 restrictions could be valuable to help maintain healthy activity, eating, screen time and sleeping routines to protect child health and ensure unhealthy habits are not adopted.

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