Prey Selection for the Exotic Cladoceran Bythotrephes Cederstroemi by Selected Lake Erie Fishes

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Bur ◽  
David M. Klarer
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Bythotrephes Cederstroemi ◽  
Selection For

Prey Selection by Freshwater Predators with Different Foraging Strategies

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1720-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Cooper ◽  
Daniel W. Smith ◽  
James R. Bence
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Foraging Mode ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Anax Junius ◽  
Odonate Larvae ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Predator Foraging ◽  
Pachydiplax Longipennis

We observed several freshwater predators, including the odonate larvae Pachydiplax longipennis and Anax junius, the hemipterans Notonecta unifasciata and Buenoa scimitra, the dytiscid larva Acilius semisulcatus, and juvenile Gambusia affinis, feeding on a variety of microcrustacean prey and determined the frequency of the component parts of predator–prey interactions (encounter, attack, capture, ingestion). Encounter rates were the most important determinant of predator selectivity when predators were presented with a variety of microcrustacean prey. When only copepod species were used as prey, however, both encounter rates and capture success were important in determining predator diets. We used our data to test hypotheses concerning relationships between predator foraging mode and patterns of prey selection: mobile predators exhibited stronger selection for sedentary prey than did sit-and-wait predators; our own and literature data also indicated that macroinvertebrate sit-and-wait predators are better able to capture, and have higher selectivity for evasive prey than do mobile predators. A predator's attack acceleration, however, may be a better predictor of its selectivity for evasive versus nonevasive prey than its mean swimming speed.

scholarly journals Borrowing from Peter to pay Paul: managing threatened predators of endangered and declining prey species

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeke Davidson ◽  
Marc Dupuis-Desormeaux ◽  
Arjun Dheer ◽  
Laura Pratt ◽  
Elizabeth Preston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Credible Threat ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Grevy’S Zebra

Conservation policy and practice can sometimes run counter to their mutual aims of ensuring species survival. In Kenya, where threatened predators such as lion deplete endangered prey such as Grevy’s zebra, conservation practitioners seek to ensure species success through exclusive strategies of protection, population increase and preservation. We found strong selection for the endangered Grevy’s zebra by both lion and hyena on two small fenced conservancies in Kenya. Despite abundant diversity of available prey, Grevy’s zebra were selected disproportionately more than their availability, while other highly available species such as buffalo were avoided. Lions were therefore not alone in presenting a credible threat to Grevy’s zebra survival. Conservation practitioners must consider interlinked characteristics of prey selection, resource availability and quality, the interplay between carnivore guild members and landscape scale population trends performance in wildlife management decisions.

Environmental Familiarity and Activity: Aspects of Prey Selection for a Ferruginous Hawk

The Condor ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron L. Snyder ◽  
William Jenson ◽  
Carl D. Cheney
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Selection For

Prey selection and the impact of cheetah predation on prey populations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G.L. Mills ◽  
M.E.J. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prey Populations

Small springbok lambs were killed more frequently than expected and large lambs and subadults in more or less expected proportions. Adults were killed less frequently than expected, although old animals, females in late pregnancy, and males were vulnerable. A similar selection process was observed in steenbok, except medium-sized lambs, not small lambs, were usually killed, and there was no selection for sex. Cheetah predation was found to have an important density-dependent regulatory role on these two species. Analyses of prey preference using Jacob’s index showed that springbok were the most preferred species, although their distribution was limited, and springhares the most important avoided species, despite their prevalence in solitary cheetahs’ kills. Examples of diet flexibility in the cheetah occurred during an eland influx into the study area, when coalition males killed a number of calves, and when an emaciated female took to preying on unpalatable bat-eared foxes.

Dietary Change during Development in the Freshwater Calanoid Copepod Epischura lacustris Forbes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Chow-Fraser ◽  
C. Kim Wong
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Omnivorous Diet

The diet of the freshwater calanoid copepod Epischura lacustris from C2 to adult stage was examined with predation experiments, grazing experiments, and stomach content analyses. There was a transition from an exclusively herbivorous diet in early copepodid stages to an omnivorous diet in adults. Laboratory predation experiments revealed that C2 and C3 were incapable of ingesting Bosmina (0.25–0.35 mm), but from C4 to C6, ingestion rate of Bosmina increased with developmental stage. The order or prey selection for adult Epischura was Bosmina over Diaptomus and Cyclops. Grazing rate on small algae (<10 μm) increased with developmental stage. Zooplankton remains were only found in the guts of stages older than C2; cladocerans and crustacean eggs were the most common zooplankton food. Algae with longest linear dimensions greater than 10 μm (e.g. Sphaerocystis, Dinobryon, and diatoms) were common in the guts of all developmental stages of Epischura. The occurrence of small unicells (<10 μm) in the guts decreased with developmental stage.

Lynx prey selection for age and sex classes of roe deer varies with season

2012 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mejlgaard ◽  
L. E. Loe ◽  
J. Odden ◽  
J. D. C. Linnell ◽  
E. B. Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Age And Sex

Predatory Behavior and Prey Selectivity of the Pelagic Water Mite Piona constricta

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1569-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard P. Riessen
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Prey Mite

Predation by the pelagic water mite Piona constricta on the various components of the zooplankton community of Heney Lake, Quebec, Canada, was investigated through both direct observation and several series of feeding experiments. On encountering a prey item, the mite seized the organism with its four pairs of legs and pair of palps and tore a hole in the body wall with its chelicerae. The soft body tissues of the prey were predigested and the liquid nutriment was then drawn into the mouth. Pionid adults ate an average of 10–15 prey∙mite−1∙d−1 and selected prey items as follows: Bosmina > Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia > Chydorus >> Diaphanosoma, Diaptomus > Mesocyclops. The nymphs ate only 2–3 prey∙mite−1∙d−1 with Bosmina and Chydorus as the preferred items. The other cladocerans and the copepods were only rarely eaten. The pattern of prey selection for the adults and nymphs appeared to depend primarily on the escape response of the prey (their ability to detect an approaching mite and flee the area before being grabbed). Prey size and carapace thickness were of secondary importance.Key words: water mites, Piona constricta; zooplankton, predator–prey interactions

Influence of Prey Abundance on Species and Size Selection by Young Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Confer ◽  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
Linda O'Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Oneida Lake ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Zooplankton Prey

Prey selection by young yellow perch (Perca flavescens) (22–62 mm TL) was measured during 11 experiments over two summers, 1982–83. For each experiment fish were offered different densities of the same mixture of zooplankton from Oneida Lake, NY. As density of prey increased, several measures of selectivity for Daphnia either remained unchanged or declined, while all measures of selectivity for calanoids and cyclopoids increased. At all densities small to mid-sized Daphnia were preferred to large Daphnia. Reanalyses of other studies suggests this may be the general pattern for young planktivores, despite the contrary predictions of several models of prey selection. For young planktivores, differences in the nutritional quality of zooplankton prey, including resultant growth efficiency and speed of digestion, can account for these results.

Thermal Tolerances of the Predatory Cladocerans Bythotrephes cederstroemi and Leptodora kindti: Relationship to Seasonal Abundance in Western Lake Erie

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Garton ◽  
David J. Berg ◽  
Robert J. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Bythotrephes Cederstroemi ◽  
Leptodora Kindti ◽  
Western Lake Erie

Abundances of two predatory cladocerans, recently introduced Bythotrephes cederstroemi (Schoedler) and native Leptodora kindti Focke, in western Lake Erie were negatively correlated in 1987, with the invader abundant in late autumn and the native more abundant in summer. Laboratory experiments were conducted in summer and autumn of 1988 to determine if differences in thermal tolerance could explain species replacement in these two ecologically similar species. Body mass, sex ratio, fecundity, and population abundance were also measured in summer and autumn populations. Mortality of Bythotrephes increased with temperature, while mortality of Leptodora increased both above and below ambient lake temperatures. Leptodora was less tolerant of low temperature (5–15 °C), and both species were equally tolerant of high temperature (20–30 °C). Seasonal acclimation to temperature was absent in Bythotrephes, while Leptodora showed seasonal shifts in thermal tolerance. Reduced fecundity, greater percentage of males, and presence of sexual eggs were evidence that Bythotrephes reached an environmental limit during summer. Decreased abundance of Leptodora in autumn can be explained by sensitivity to declining water temperature, but warm water temperature alone cannot explain numerical dominance of Leptodora in summer.

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