Computer-aided volumetric evaluation method for gray matter in the brain and the spinal cord by T1-weighted inversion recovery MRI

2001 ◽  
Vol 1230 ◽  
pp. 1154-1155
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Tsukamoto ◽  
Hideo Kumagai ◽  
Kiichiro Saitoh ◽  
Masahiko Monma ◽  
Yutaka Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Brain

Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with neuroangiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease)

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Wun ◽  
Richard Malik ◽  
Jane Yu ◽  
Kathleen E. Chow ◽  
Michelle Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the brain and spinal cord in humans with neuroangiostrongyliasis (NA) due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection has been well reported. Equivalent studies in animals are lacking. This case series describes clinical and MRI findings in 11 dogs with presumptively or definitively diagnosed NA. MRI of the brain and/or spinal cord was performed using high-field (1.5 T) or low-field (0.25 T) scanners using various combinations of transverse, sagittal, dorsal and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W), transverse, sagittal and dorsal T2-weighted (T2W), T2W fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2*-weighted (T2*W) gradient echo (GRE), dorsal T2W short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and post-gadolinium transverse, sagittal, dorsal and 3D T1W and transverse T2W FLAIR sequences. In 4/6 cases where the brain was imaged, changes consistent with diffuse meningoencephalitis were observed. Evidence of meningeal involvement was evident even when not clinically apparent. The spinal cord was imaged in 9 dogs, with evidence of meningitis and myelitis detected in regions consistent with the observed neuroanatomical localization. Pathognomonic changes of neural larva migrans, as described in some human patients with NA, were not detected. NA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with MRI evidence of focal or diffuse meningitis, myelitis and/or encephalitis, especially in areas where A. cantonensis is endemic. If not precluded by imaging findings suggestive of brain herniation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection for cytology, fluid analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing should be considered mandatory in such cases after the MRI studies.

scholarly journals 3D-Fast Gray Matter Acquisition with Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 Tesla: Application for detection of spinal cord lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247813
Author(s):  
Adrien Goujon ◽  
Sonia Mirafzal ◽  
Kevin Zuber ◽  
Romain Deschamps ◽  
Jean-Claude Sadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
3 Tesla ◽  
Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesions ◽  
Phase Sensitive

Background and purpose To compare 3D-Fast Gray Matter Acquisition with Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (3D-FGAPSIR) with conventional 3D-Short-Tau Inversion Recovery (3D-STIR) and sagittal T1-and T2-weighted MRI dataset at 3 Tesla when detecting MS spinal cord lesions. Material and methods This prospective single-center study was approved by an institutional review board and enrolled participants from December 2016 to August 2018. Two neuroradiologists blinded to all data, individually analyzed the 3D-FGAPSIR and the conventional datasets separately and in random order. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus by a third neuroradiologist. The primary judgment criterion was the number of MS spinal cord lesions. Secondary judgment criteria included lesion enhancement, lesion delineation, reader-reported confidence and lesion-to-cord-contrast-ratio. A Wilcoxon’s test was used to compare the two datasets. Results 51 participants were included. 3D-FGAPSIR detected significantly more lesions than the conventional dataset (344 versus 171 respectively, p<0.001). Two participants had no detected lesion on the conventional dataset, whereas 3D-FGAPSIR detected at least one lesion. 3/51 participants had a single enhancing lesion detected by both datasets. Lesion delineation and reader-reported confidence were significantly higher with 3D-FGAPSIR: 4.5 (IQR 1) versus 2 (IQR 0.5), p<0.0001 and 4.5 (IQR 1) versus 2.5 (IQR 0.5), p<0.0001. Lesion-to-cord-contrast-ratio was significantly higher using 3D-FGAPSIR as opposed to 3D-STIR and T2: 1.4 (IQR 0,3) versus 0.4 (IQR 0,1) and 0.3 (IQR 0,1)(p = 0.04). Correlations with clinical data and inter- and intra-observer agreements were higher with 3D-FGAPSIR. Conclusion 3D-FGAPSIR improved overall MS spinal cord lesion detection as compared to conventional set and detected all enhancing lesions.

scholarly journals Prolonged Gray Matter Disease without Demyelination Caused by Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus with a Mutation in VP2 Puff B

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (16) ◽  
pp. 7494-7505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Tsunoda ◽  
Yoshiaki Wada ◽  
Jane E. Libbey ◽  
Thomas S. Cannon ◽  
Frank G. Whitby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Theiler’S Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is divided into two subgroups based on neurovirulence. During the acute phase, DA virus infects cells in the gray matter of the central nervous system (CNS). Throughout the chronic phase, DA virus infects glial cells in the white matter, causing demyelinating disease. Although GDVII virus also infects neurons in the gray matter, infected mice developed a severe polioencephalomyelitis, and no virus is detected in the white matter or other areas in the CNS in rare survivors. Several sequence differences between the two viruses are located in VP2 puff B and VP1 loop II, which are located near each other, close to the proposed receptor binding site. We constructed a DA virus mutant, DApBL2M, which has the VP1 loop II of GDVII virus and a mutation at position 171 in VP2 puff B. While DApBL2M virus replicated less efficiently than DA virus during the acute phase, DApBL2M-induced acute polioencephalitis was comparable to that in DA virus infection. Interestingly, during the chronic phase, DApBL2M caused prolonged gray matter disease in the brain without white matter involvement in the spinal cord. This is opposite what is observed during wild-type DA virus infection. Our study is the first to demonstrate that conformational differences via interaction of VP2 puff B and VP1 loop II between GDVII and DA viruses can play an important role in making the transition of infection from the gray matter in the brain to the spinal cord white matter during TMEV infection.

A Pharmacodynamic Study of DDT in Rabbits following Acute Intravenous Administration

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Black ◽  
D. J. Ecobichon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
The Brain

Emulsified DDT was administered as a single intravenous dose to nonpregnant female rabbits at concentrations of 150, 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/kg. Tremors and convulsions were observed in all animals receiving more than 12.5 mg/kg. Since DDT at 150 mg/kg proved lethal at an average time of 95.8 min, the animals receiving lower doses were sacrificed at 96 min. The results demonstrated that the distribution of an acute dose of a lipophilic insecticide to various tissues depended largely upon (1) hemodynamic factors such as the blood flow in the tissue, (2) the capillary density, and (3) the distribution of blood to various tissues from the site of injection. A positive correlation was observed between plasma levels of DDT and those found in the brain. The severity of the clinical signs of DDT poisoning coincided with the levels detected in the brain. In addition to whole brain assays, the DDT content of various regions of gray and white matter was determined in rabbits treated with 50 mg DDT/kg. The incidence of tremor coincided closely with the high levels detected in gray matter (cerebellum and neocortex). Predominantly white matter (brainstem and spinal cord) had significantly lower concentrations.

scholarly journals Normalization of Spinal Cord Total Cross-Sectional and Gray Matter Areas as Quantified With Radially Sampled Averaged Magnetization Inversion Recovery Acquisitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Kesenheimer ◽  
Maria Janina Wendebourg ◽  
Matthias Weigel ◽  
Claudia Weidensteiner ◽  
Tanja Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: MR imaging of the spinal cord (SC) gray matter (GM) at the cervical and lumbar enlargements' level may be particularly informative in lower motor neuron disorders, e. g., spinal muscular atrophy, but also in other neurodegenerative or autoimmune diseases affecting the SC. Radially sampled averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisition (rAMIRA) is a novel approach to perform SC imaging in clinical settings with favorable contrast and is well-suited for SC GM quantitation. However, before applying rAMIRA in clinical studies, it is important to understand (i) the sources of inter-subject variability of total SC cross-sectional areas (TCA) and GM area (GMA) measurements in healthy subjects and (ii) their relation to age and sex to facilitate the detection of pathology-associated changes. In this study, we aimed to develop normalization strategies for rAMIRA-derived SC metrics using skull and spine-based metrics to reduce anatomical variability.Methods: Sixty-one healthy subjects (age range 11–93 years, 37.7% women) were investigated with axial two-dimensional rAMIRA imaging at 3T MRI. Cervical and thoracic levels including the level of the cervical (C4/C5) and lumbar enlargements (Tmax) were examined. SC T2-weighted sagittal images and high-resolution 3D whole-brain T1-weighted images were acquired. TCA and GMAs were quantified. Anatomical variables with associations of |r| &gt; 0.30 in univariate association with SC areas, and age and sex were used to construct normalization models using backward selection with TCAC4/C5 as outcome. The effect of the normalization was assessed by % relative standard deviation (RSD) reductions.Results: Mean inter-individual variability and the SD of the SC area metrics were considerable: TCAC4/5: 8.1%/9.0; TCATmax: 8.9%/6.5; GMAC4/C5: 8.6%/2.2; GMATmax: 12.2%/3.8. Normalization based on sex, brain WM volume, and spinal canal area resulted in RSD reductions of 23.7% for TCAs and 12.0% for GM areas at C4/C5. Normalizations based on the area of spinal canal alone resulted in RSD reductions of 10.2% for TCAs and 9.6% for GM areas at C4/C5, respectively.Discussion: Anatomic inter-individual variability of SC areas is substantial. This study identified effective normalization models for inter-subject variability reduction in TCA and SC GMA in healthy subjects based on rAMIRA imaging.

scholarly journals Patterns of the Cranial Venous System from the Comparative Anatomy in Vertebrates

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aurboonyawat ◽  
V. Pereira ◽  
T. Krings ◽  
F. Toulgoat ◽  
P. Chiewvit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Venous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mantle Layer ◽  
The Brain

Ontogenetically, the ventricular venous system may develop in order to drain the gray matter (cells of the mantle layer of the neural tube) which migrates dorsally. On primitive brain vesicles of submammals especially fish, amphibian and reptile, the ventricular venous system is the major venous collector located on the mid-dorsal surface, in between the meningeal layers comparable to the subarachnoid space in mammals. The ventricular venous system functions as a major drainage system for the brain vesicles in these submammals but its role decreases when the other two venous systems develop. Concerning the route of venous exit from the brain vesicles, we found that it resembles the spinal cord but could not be found all the way along the brain vesicles.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

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