Population analysis from 12 microsatellite loci reveled by silver stain and assisted by computer software

Background Astyanax mexicanus from the river basins of the Gulf of Mexico slope are small freshwater fish that usually live in large groups in different freshwater environments. The group is considered successful due to its high capacity for dispersal and adaptation to different habitats, and the species present high morphological variability throughout their distribution in Mexico. This has produced the most extreme morphotype of the group; the hypogeous or troglobite, which has no eyes or coloration, and is probably the cause of taxonomic uncertainty in the recognition of species across the entire range. Most studies of A. mexicanus have mainly focused on cave individuals, as well as their adjacent surface locations, providing an incomplete evolutionary history, particularly in terms of factors related to dispersal and the potential corridors used, barriers to gene flow, and distribution of genetic variability. The aim of the present study is to determine the population structure and the degree and direction of genetic flow in this complex taxonomic group, incorporating geographic locations not previously included in analyses using microsatellite loci. Our aim is to contribute to the knowledge of the intricate evolutionary history of A. mexicanus throughout most of its range. Methods The present study included a set of several cave and surface locations of A. mexicanus, which have been widely sampled along the Gulf of Mexico slope, in a genetic population analysis using 10 microsatellite loci. Results Ten genetic populations or lineages were identified. In these populations, gene flow was recorded at two time periods. Historical gene flow, both inter and intra-basin, was observed among surface populations, from surface to cave populations, and among cave populations, whereas recording of contemporary gene flow was limited to intra-basin exchanges and observed among surface populations, surface to cave populations, and cave populations.

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Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Korean crayfish,Cambaroides similisand application to natural population analysis

Animal Cells and Systems ◽

10.1080/19768354.2011.555137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dong-Ha Ahn ◽

Mi-Hyun Park ◽

Jae-Ho Jung ◽

Mi-Jin Oh ◽

Sanghee Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Population Analysis ◽

Natural Population Analysis ◽

Isolation And Characterization

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Software pattern recognition applied to nanodiffraction patterns from a STEM instrument

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014484x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 694-695

Author(s):

G.Y. Fan ◽

J.M. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Pattern Recognition ◽

Computer Software ◽

Processing System ◽

Light Level ◽

Host Computer ◽

Low Light ◽

Image Processing System ◽

Recent Developments ◽

On Line

In recent developments, the ASU HB5 has been modified so that the timing, positioning, and scanning of the finely focused electron probe can be entirely controlled by a host computer. This made the asynchronized handshake possible between the HB5 STEM and the image processing system which consists of host computer (PDP 11/34), DeAnza image processor (IP 5000) which is interfaced with a low-light level TV camera, array processor (AP 400) and various peripheral devices. This greatly facilitates the pattern recognition technique initiated by Monosmith and Cowley. Software called NANHB5 is under development which, instead of employing a set of photo-diodes to detect strong spots on a TV screen, uses various software techniques including on-line fast Fourier transform (FFT) to recognize patterns of greater complexity, taking advantage of the sophistication of our image processing system and the flexibility of computer software.

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Immunocytochemical detection of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes: Improved resolution with polyethylene glycol embedding and visio-bond semithin sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124367 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 792-793

Author(s):

Kuixiong Gao ◽

Randal E. Morris ◽

Bruce F. Giffin ◽

Robert R. Cardell

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Metabolic Enzymes ◽

Silver Stain ◽

Accurate Localization ◽

Immunocytochemical Detection ◽

Semithin Sections ◽

Parenchymal Cells

Several enzymes are involved in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in liver parenchymal cells. The lobular distribution of glycogen synthase (GS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) was studied by immunocytochemistry using cryosections of normal fed and fasted rat liver. Since sections of tissue embedded in polyethylene glycol (PEG) show good morphological preservation and increased detectability for immunocytochemical localization of antigenic sites, and semithin sections of Visio-Bond (VB) embedded tissue provide higher resolution of cellular structure, we applied these techniques and immunogold-silver stain (IGSS) for a more accurate localization of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes.

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Automated 3-D cell population analysis in thick tissue sections using laser-scanning confocal-microscopy data

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100148642 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 562-563

Author(s):

Hakan Ancin

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Population Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Large Data ◽

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽

Tissue Slices ◽

Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Spatially Adaptive ◽

Microscopy Data

This paper presents methods for performing detailed quantitative automated three dimensional (3-D) analysis of cell populations in thick tissue sections while preserving the relative 3-D locations of cells. Specifically, the method disambiguates overlapping clusters of cells, and accurately measures the volume, 3-D location, and shape parameters for each cell. Finally, the entire population of cells is analyzed to detect patterns and groupings with respect to various combinations of cell properties. All of the above is accomplished with zero subjective bias.In this method, a laser-scanning confocal light microscope (LSCM) is used to collect optical sections through the entire thickness (100 - 500μm) of fluorescently-labelled tissue slices. The acquired stack of optical slices is first subjected to axial deblurring using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. The resulting isotropic 3-D image is segmented using a spatially-adaptive Poisson based image segmentation algorithm with region-dependent smoothing parameters. Extracting the voxels that were labelled as "foreground" into an active voxel data structure results in a large data reduction.

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Computer-Assisted High-Re Solution TEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179567 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 162-163

Author(s):

F.A. Ponce ◽

H. Hikashi

Keyword(s):

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Computer Software ◽

Video Camera ◽

Image Contrast ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Optical Parameters ◽

Astigmatism Correction

The determination of the atomic positions from HRTEM micrographs is only possible if the optical parameters are known to a certain accuracy, and reliable through-focus series are available to match the experimental images with calculated images of possible atomic models. The main limitation in interpreting images at the atomic level is the knowledge of the optical parameters such as beam alignment, astigmatism correction and defocus value. Under ordinary conditions, the uncertainty in these values is sufficiently large to prevent the accurate determination of the atomic positions. Therefore, in order to achieve the resolution power of the microscope (under 0.2nm) it is necessary to take extraordinary measures. The use of on line computers has been proposed [e.g.: 2-5] and used with certain amount of success.We have built a system that can perform operations in the range of one frame stored and analyzed per second. A schematic diagram of the system is shown in figure 1. A JEOL 4000EX microscope equipped with an external computer interface is directly linked to a SUN-3 computer. All electrical parameters in the microscope can be changed via this interface by the use of a set of commands. The image is received from a video camera. A commercial image processor improves the signal-to-noise ratio by recursively averaging with a time constant, usually set at 0.25 sec. The computer software is based on a multi-window system and is entirely mouse-driven. All operations can be performed by clicking the mouse on the appropiate windows and buttons. This capability leads to extreme friendliness, ease of operation, and high operator speeds. Image analysis can be done in various ways. Here, we have measured the image contrast and used it to optimize certain parameters. The system is designed to have instant access to: (a) x- and y- alignment coils, (b) x- and y- astigmatism correction coils, and (c) objective lens current. The algorithm is shown in figure 2. Figure 3 shows an example taken from a thin CdTe crystal. The image contrast is displayed for changing objective lens current (defocus value). The display is calibrated in angstroms. Images are stored on the disk and are accessible by clicking the data points in the graph. Some of the frame-store images are displayed in Fig. 4.

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Word Prompt Programs

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/1058-0360.0603.57 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lisa A. Wood ◽

Joan L. Rankin ◽

David R. Beukelman

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Current Literature ◽

Word Processing ◽

Computer Software ◽

Written Language ◽

Written Communication ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Basic Word ◽

The Matrix ◽

Language Needs

Word prompt programs are computer software programs or program features that are used in addition to basic word processing. These programs provide word lists from which a user selects a desired word and inserts it into a line of text. This software is used to support individuals with severe speech, physical, and learning disabilities. This tutorial describes the features of a variety of word prompt programs and reviews the current literature on the use of these programs by people with oral and written language needs. In addition, a matrix that identifies the features contained in eight sample word prompt programs is provided. The descriptions of features and the matrix are designed to assist speech-language pathologists and teachers in evaluating and selecting word prompt programs to support their clients' oral and written communication.

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