The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among clinically significant respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States and Canada—1997 results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
GaryV Doern ◽  
MichaelA Pfaller ◽  
MeridithE Erwin ◽  
AngelaB Brueggemann ◽  
RonaldN Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Clinically Significant

scholarly journals Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from Patients with Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (United States and Canada, 1997)

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary V. Doern ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Kari Kugler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

Between February and June of 1997, a large number of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1,077) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 503) from 27 U.S. and 7 Canadian medical centers were characterized as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Overall prevalences of β-lactamase production were 33.5% in H. influenzae and 92.2% in M. catarrhalis with no differences noted between isolates recovered in the United States and those from Canada. Among a total of 21 different antimicrobial agents tested, including six cephalosporins, a β-lactamase inhibitor combination, three macrolides, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), rifampin, chloramphenicol, five fluoroquinolones, and quinupristin-dalfopristin, resistance rates of >5% with H. influenzae were observed only with cefaclor (12.8%) and TMP-SMX (16.2%).

scholarly journals Need for Annual Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: 2-Year Longitudinal Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Sahm ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Laurie J. Kelly ◽  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
Mark E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

ABSTRACT Although changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae have prompted several surveillance initiatives in recent years, the frequency with which these studies are needed has not been addressed. To approach this issue, the extent to which resistance patterns change over a 1-year period was examined. In this study we analyzed S. pneumoniaeantimicrobial susceptibility results produced in our laboratory with isolates obtained over 2 consecutive years (1997–1998 and 1998–1999) from the same 96 institutions distributed throughout the United States. Comparison of results revealed increases in resistant percentages for all antimicrobial agents studied except vancomycin. For four of the agents tested (penicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin), the increases were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Resistance to the fluoroquinolone remained low in both years (0.1 and 0.6%, respectively); in contrast, resistance to macrolides was consistently greater than 20%, and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased from 13.3 to 27.3%. Multidrug resistance, concurrent resistance to three or more antimicrobials of different chemical classes, also increased significantly between years, from 5.9 to 11%. The most prevalent phenotype was resistance to penicillin, azithromycin (representative macrolide), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance were uncommon; however, two phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance not found in 1997–1998 were encountered in 1998–1999. This longitudinal surveillance study of resistance inS. pneumoniae revealed that significant changes do occur in just a single year and supports the need for surveillance at least on an annual basis, if not continuously.

scholarly journals Levofloxacin-Resistant Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: Evidence for Clonal Spread and the Impact of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3491-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias W. R. Pletz ◽  
Lesley McGee ◽  
James Jorgensen ◽  
Bernard Beall ◽  
Richard R. Facklam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in sterile-site isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae is documented in this study characterizing all invasive levofloxacin-resistant (MIC, ≥8 mg/liter) S. pneumoniae isolates (n = 50) obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Active Bacterial Core Surveillance from 1998 to 2002. Resistance among all isolates increased from 0.1% in 1998 to 0.6% in 2001 (P = 0.008) but decreased to 0.4% in 2002, while resistance among vaccine serotypes continued to increase from 0.3% in 1998 to 1.0% in 2002, suggesting that fluoroquinolones continue to exert selective pressure on these vaccine serotypes. Only 22% of resistant isolates were not covered by the conjugate vaccine serogroups. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that 58% of resistant strains were related to five international clones identified by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network, with the Spain23F-1 clone being most frequent (16% of all isolates). Thirty-six percent of the isolates were coresistant to penicillin, 44% were coresistant to macrolides, and 28% were multiresistant to penicillin, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. Fifty percent of the isolates were resistant to any three drug classes. Ninety-four percent of the isolates had multiple mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes. In 16% of the isolates, there was evidence of an active efflux mechanism. An unusual isolate was found that showed only a single parE mutation and for which the ciprofloxacin MIC was lower (2 mg/liter) than that of levofloxacin (8 mg/liter). Our results suggest that invasive pneumococcal isolates resistant to levofloxacin in the United States show considerable evidence of multiple resistance and of clonal spread.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Omadacycline Activity Tested against Clinical Isolates from the United States and Europe as Part of the 2016 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Michael D. Huband ◽  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
Robert K. Flamm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

ABSTRACTOmadacycline was tested against 21,000 bacterial isolates collected prospectively from medical centers in Europe and the United States during 2016. Omadacycline was active againstStaphylococcus aureus(MIC50/MIC90, 0.12/0.25 mg/liter), including methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA); streptococci (MIC50/MIC90, 0.06/0.12 mg/liter), includingStreptococcus pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, and beta-hemolytic streptococci;Enterobacteriaceae, includingEscherichia coli(MIC50/MIC90, 0.5/2 mg/liter);Haemophilus influenzae(MIC50/MIC90, 1/1 mg/liter); andMoraxella catarrhalis(MIC50/MIC90, 0.25/0.25 mg/liter). Omadacycline merits further study in serious infections where resistant pathogens may be encountered.

scholarly journals Prevalence of First-Step Mutants among Levofloxacin-Susceptible Invasive Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1561-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias W. R. Pletz ◽  
Ardaman P. Shergill ◽  
Lesley McGee ◽  
Bernard Beall ◽  
Cynthia G. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT By use of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, we screened 496 levofloxacin-susceptible invasive pneumococcal strains (MIC ≤ 2 mg/liter) for quinolone resistance-determining region mutations known to confer fluoroquinolone resistance. Among those with a levofloxacin MIC of 2 mg/liter, 16.2% of isolates recovered from nursing home residents and 6.4% from non-nursing home residents had first-step mutations.

scholarly journals bla VIM-7, an Evolutionarily Distinct Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate from the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Toleman ◽  
Kenneth Rolston ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Timothy R. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
First Report ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACT As part of the CANCER Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate, strain 07-406, was shown to possess a metallo-β-lactamase, designated VIM-7. bla VIM-7 is located on a 24-kb plasmid which can be readily transferred into Enterobacteriaceae and other pseudomonads. This is the first report of a mobile metallo-β-lactamase gene, bla VIM-7, being detected within the United States.

scholarly journals Decreased Ceftriaxone Susceptibility in Emerging (35B and 6C) and Persisting (19A) Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes in the United States, 2011-2012: Ceftaroline Remains ActiveIn Vitroamong β-Lactam Agents

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4923-4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Donald Biek ◽  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Central

ABSTRACTTotals of 8.7% (103/1,190) and 21.0% (249/1,190) of theStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates recovered from specimens collected in the United States during the 2011-2012 AWARE (AssessingWorldwideAntimicrobialResistanceEvaluation) Surveillance Program were ceftriaxone nonsusceptible according to the CLSI (≤1 μg/ml for susceptible) and EUCAST (≤0.5 μg/ml for susceptible) criteria, respectively. Decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC, 1 μg/ml) was frequently observed among serotypes 19A (51.4%; 128/249) and 35B (29.7%; 74/249), which were most often observed in the East South Central and South Atlantic U.S. Census regions. Ceftaroline (MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 μg/ml) remained active (≥96.8% susceptible) when tested against these less susceptible isolates.

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