Therapeutic communities: AIDS/HIV risk and harm reduction

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
George de Leon
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein ◽  
David Cloud ◽  
Ernest Drucker ◽  
Nickolas Zaller

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 184-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRIZ BRANDáƒO ◽  
JONATAS CARVALHO

Resumo:  O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender alguns caminhos percorridos no contexto da polá­tica de drogas dentro de uma sociedade do controle, apresentando e problematizando esses dois conceitos. Para tal, foi analisado um programa polá­tico que foge das correntes definições e práticas encontradas até então: o Programa de Braços Abertos (DBA) implementado na gestão de Fernando Haddad, entre os anos de 2014 e 2016, na região da Cracolá¢ndia, em São Paulo. A região é reconhecida pelas intervenções polá­ticas com a prática higienista e compulsória, que vão de encontro á s liberdades individuais. A fim de compreender a nova visão e ação trazida pelo DBA frente a uma repetição histórica de gerências e operações, houve uma reflexão sobre a biopolá­tica, a atuação dos programas pastores e o lugar do DBA dentro do conjunto de tecnologias do dispositivo droga. Nesse tocante, outro objetivo desenvolvido foi situar as novas ordenações dos modelos de tratamento, como a Redução de Danos e as Comunidades Terapêuticas.  Palavras-chave:  Polá­tica de Drogas. Programas Pastores. Redução de Danos. Comunidades Terapêuticas. Cracolá¢ndia. De Braços Abertos.”THE OPEN ARMS PROGRAM” AND DRUGS POLITICS AT THE CONTROL SOCIETY”:  a historical-anthropological dialogue.  Abstract:  The purpose of this article is to comprehend some of the directions taken in the context of drug policy within a control society, presenting and problematizing these two concepts. For that, a political program was analyzed that is distinct from the current definitions and practices found until now. The program to be analyzed is the ”Programa de Braços Abertos (DBA)”, which was implemented under the management of Fernando Haddad, between 2014 and 2016, in the region of ”Cracolá¢ndia”, in São Paulo. This region is recognized by the political interventions with the hygienist and compulsory practices that go against individual freedoms.  In order to understand the new vision and action brought by the DBA against a historical repetition of managements and operations, there was a reflection on biopolitics, the work of pastoral programs and the place of DBA within the set of drug device technologies. At this point, another objective developed was to stablish the new ordinances of treatment models, such as Harm Reduction and Therapeutic Communities.Keywords:  Drug Policy.  Pastoral Programs.  Harm Reduction.  Therapeutic Communities.  Cracolá¢ndia. De Braços Abertos.  "PROGRAMA DE BRAZOS ABIERTOS" Y LAS POLáTICAS DE DROGAS EN LA SOCIEDAD DE CONTROL:  un diálogo histórico-antropológico  Resumen:  El presente artá­culo tiene por objetivo comprender algunos caminos recorridos en el contexto de la polá­tica de drogas dentro de una sociedad del control, presentando y problematizando esos dos conceptos. Para ello, se analizó un programa polá­tico que huye de las corrientes definiciones y prácticas encontradas hasta entonces: el Programa de Brazos Abiertos (DBA) implementado en la gestión de Fernando Haddad, entre los años 2014 y 2016, en la región de  Cracolá¢ndia, en São Paulo. La región es reconocida por las intervenciones polá­ticas con la práctica higienista y obligatoria, que van en contra de las libertades individuales. A fin de comprender la nueva visión y acción traá­da por el DBA frente a una repetición histórica de gerencias y operaciones, hubo una reflexión sobre la biopolá­tica, la actuación de los programas pastores y el lugar del DBA dentro del conjunto de tecnologá­as del dispositivo droga. En este contexto, otro objetivo desarrollado fue situar las nuevas ordenaciones de los modelos de tratamiento, como la Reducción de Daños y las Comunidades Terapéuticas.Palabras clave:  Polá­tica de Drogas. Programas Pastores. Reducción de Daños. Comunidades Terapéuticas. Cracolá¢ndia. De Brazos Abiertos.  ”LE PROGRAMME ဠBRAS OUVERTS” ET LES POLITIQUES DE DROGUES DANS LA SOCIÉTÉ DE CONTRá”LE: un dialogue historico-anthropologiqueRésume:  Cet article vise á  étudier quelques cheminements empruntés par la politique des drogues dans le contexte d”™une société de contrôle, tout en présentant et en problématisant ces deux concepts. Pour cela, les auteurs se concentrent sur un programme politique qui échappe aux définitions courantes et aux pratiques identifiées jusqu”™á  présent: le programme «  á€ Bras Ouverts (DBA)   » implanté au cours du mandat du préfet Fernando Haddad, entre les années 2014 et 2016, dans la région de la  cracolá¢ndia, á  São Paulo. Cette région est réputée pour avoir fait l”™objet d”™interventions politiques inspirées par les pratiques hygiénistes, fondées sur la contrainte et qui vont á  l”™encontre des libertés individuelles. Afin de comprendre la nouvelle vision et les nouvelles pratiques promues par le DBA, par contraste avec la répétition des programmes et actions antérieurs, les auteurs réfléchissent sur les formes de la biopolitique, le rôle des «  programmes pastoraux   », et la place du DBA á  l”™intérieur d”™un ensemble de technologies propres aux dispositifs de gouvernement des drogues. Un autre aspect de leur travail consiste á  examiner les nouveaux impératifs contenus dans ces modá¨les de traitement comme la Réduction des Risques et les Communautés thérapeutiques.Mots-clés:  Politique des Drogues. Programmes Pastoraux. Réductions de Risques. Communautés thérapeutiques. Cracolá¢ndia. De Braços Abertos


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Habibi ◽  
Solmaz Farmanfarmaee ◽  
Mohammad Darharaj ◽  
Kaveh Khoshnood ◽  
Joshua J. Matacotta ◽  
...  

This study aimed to investigate predictors of drug-related HIV risk behaviors among women who inject drugs. A total of 163 women were recruited from harm-reduction-oriented drug-treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. Each completed a set of measures that included the Risk Behavior Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition, Revised Self-Efficacy Scale, and Peer Group Beliefs Regarding HIV-related Risk Behaviors Scale. The results indicated that past attempts to abstain from drugs, using methadone maintenance treatment programs, and acceptance of peers’ risky norms were significant predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing predictors of frequency of injection, respectively. Furthermore, predictors of frequency of sharing injection paraphernalia included purchasing drugs jointly with other drug users and peers’ norms conforming injecting drug use behaviors. Harm reduction services that take into consideration cultural and peer norms, as well as the development and implementation of HIV prevention programs, are likely to reduce drug-related HIV risk behaviors in women who inject drugs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRIZ BRANDáƒO ◽  
JONATAS CARVALHO

Abstract:  The purpose of this article is to comprehend some of the directions taken in the context of drug policy within a control society, presenting and problematizing these two concepts. For that, a political program was analyzed that is distinct from the current definitions and practices found until now. The program to be analyzed is the ”Programa de Braços Abertos (DBA)”, which was implemented under the management of Fernando Haddad, between 2014 and 2016, in the region of ”Cracolá¢ndia”, in São Paulo. This region is recognized by the political interventions with the hygienist and compulsory practices that go against individual freedoms.  In order to understand the new vision and action brought by the DBA against a historical repetition of managements and operations, there was a reflection on biopolitics, the work of pastoral programs and the place of DBA within the set of drug device technologies. At this point, another objective developed was to stablish the new ordinances of treatment models, such as Harm Reduction and Therapeutic Communities.  Keywords:  Drug Policy.  Pastoral Programs.  Harm Reduction.  Therapeutic Communities.  Cracolá¢ndia. De Braços Abertos.


2022 ◽  
pp. 106674
Author(s):  
Andres Perez-Correa ◽  
Bilal Abbas ◽  
Lindsey Riback ◽  
Megan Ghiroli ◽  
Brianna Norton ◽  
...  

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley E. Hawkins ◽  
Michele J. Hawkins ◽  
Carl Latkin ◽  
Durre Chowdury

The association of HIV risk-taking behavior with frequency of depressive symptoms varied by specific risk behavior and amount of harm reduction of behavior of men and women ( N = 642), 80% of whom were African-American.


Author(s):  
Harald Klingemann ◽  
Justyna Klingemann

Abstract. Introduction: While alcohol treatment predominantly focuses on abstinence, drug treatment objectives include a variety of outcomes related to consumption and quality of life. Consequently harm reduction programs tackling psychoactive substances are well documented and accepted by practitioners, whereas harm reduction programs tackling alcohol are under-researched and met with resistance. Method: The paper is mainly based on key-person interviews with eight program providers conducted in Switzerland in 2009 and up-dated in 2015, and the analysis of reports and mission statements to establish an inventory and description of drinking under control programs (DUCPs). A recent twin program in Amsterdam and Essen was included to exemplify conditions impeding their implementation. Firstly, a typology based on the type of alcohol management, the provided support and admission criteria is developed, complemented by a detailed description of their functioning in practice. Secondly, the case studies are analyzed in terms of factors promoting and impeding the implementation of DUCPs and efforts of legitimize them and assess their success. Results: Residential and non-residential DUCPs show high diversity and pursue individualized approaches as the detailed case descriptions exemplify. Different modalities of proactively providing and including alcohol consumption are conceptualized in a wider framework of program objectives, including among others, quality of life and harm reduction. Typically DUCPs represent an effort to achieve public or institutional order. Their implementation and success are contingent upon their location, media response, type of alcohol management and the response of other substance-oriented stake holders in the treatment system. The legitimization of DUCPs is hampered by the lack of evaluation studies. DUCPs rely mostly – also because of limited resources – on rudimentary self-evaluations and attribute little importance to data collection exercises. Conclusions: Challenges for participants are underestimated and standard evaluation methodologies tend to be incompatible with the rationale and operational objectives of DUCPs. Program-sensitive multimethod approaches enabled by sufficient financing for monitoring and accompanying research is needed to improve the practice-oriented implementation of DUCPs. Barriers for these programs include assumptions that ‘alcohol-assisted’ help abandons hope for recovery and community response to DUCPs as locally unwanted institutions (‘not in my backyard’) fuelled by stigmatization.


Author(s):  
Ralf Demmel

Der dysfunktionale Konsum psychotroper Substanzen geht in der Regel mit einem Zwiespalt zwischen Abstinenzvorsatz bzw. der Absicht, den Konsum zu reduzieren, einerseits und dem Wunsch oder Zwang, den Konsum fortzusetzen, andererseits einher. Das von Miller und Rollnick (1991) beschriebene Motivational Interviewing (MI) ist ein zugleich klientenzentrierter und direktiver Behandlungsstil, der dieser Ambivalenz Rechnung tragen und somit Veränderungsbereitschaft erhöhen soll. Miller und Rollnick (1991) nennen fünf Prinzipien motivationaler Gesprächsführung: <OL><LI>Empathie, <LI>Widersprüche aufzeigen, <LI>Wortgefechte vermeiden, <LI>Nachgiebig auf Widerstand reagieren und <LI>Selbstwirksamkeit fördern.</OL> Diese Prinzipien stimmen mit den Annahmen (sozial-) psychologischer Modelle der Einstellungs- und Verhaltensänderung überein. Seit Ende der achtziger Jahre wurden vorwiegend in den angelsächsischen Ländern verschiedene motivationale Interventionen zur Sekundärprävention und Behandlung von Substanzabhängigkeit und -missbrauch entwickelt, die den von Miller und Rollnick (1991) formulierten Behandlungsprinzipien entsprechen (der Drinker’s Checkup, Motivational Enhancement Therapy, das Harm-Reduction-Programm BASICS, Brief Motivational Interviewing, Brief Negotiation sowie eine Reihe weiterer motivationaler Kurzinterventionen). Vor dem Hintergrund der bislang vorliegenden Literatur erscheint insbesondere die Durchführung standardisierter motivationaler Interventionen zur Reduktion dysfunktionalen Alkoholkonsums bzw. der negativen Konsequenzen eines fortgesetzten Alkoholmissbrauchs gerechtfertigt. Voraussetzungen einer Optimierung des Behandlungserfolgs sind neben der Identifikation zentraler Wirkmechanismen u.a. eine fortlaufende Prozess-Evaluation der Implementierung motivationaler Interventionen sowie eine evidenzbasierte Ausbildung.


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